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uglocalpv-device
OpenEBS Local PV Device User Guide
Local PV Device

OpenEBS Documentation is now migrated to https://openebs.io/docs. The page you are currently viewing is a static snapshot and will be removed in the upcoming releases.

OpenEBS configuration flow


This guide will help you to set up and use OpenEBS Local Persistent Volumes backed by Block Devices.

OpenEBS Dynamic Local PV provisioner can create Kubernetes Local Persistent Volumes using block devices available on the node to persist data, hereafter referred to as OpenEBS Local PV Device volumes.

OpenEBS Local PV Device volumes have the following advantages compared to native Kubernetes Local Persistent Volumes.

  • Dynamic Volume provisioner as opposed to a Static Provisioner.
  • Better management of the Block Devices used for creating Local PVs by OpenEBS NDM. NDM provides capabilities like discovering Block Device properties, setting up Device Filters, metrics collection and ability to detect if the Block Devices have moved across nodes.

OpenEBS Local PV uses volume topology aware pod scheduling enhancements introduced by Kubernetes Local Volumes


:::tip QUICKSTART

OpenEBS Local PV Device volumes will be created using the Block Devices available on the node. You can customize which block devices can be used for creating Local PVs by configuring NDM parameters and/or by creating new StorageClass.

If you have OpenEBS already installed, you can create an example pod that persists data to OpenEBS Local PV Device with following kubectl commands.

kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/examples/local-device/local-device-pvc.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/examples/local-device/local-device-pod.yaml

Verify using below kubectl commands that example pod is running and is using a OpenEBS Local PV Device.

kubectl get pod hello-local-device-pod
kubectl get pvc local-device-pvc

For a more detailed walkthrough of the setup, follow along the rest of this document. :::

Minimum Versions

  • Kubernetes 1.12 or higher is required
  • OpenEBS 1.0 or higher is required.

:::note air-gapped environment If you are running your Kubernetes cluster in an air-gapped environment, make sure the following container images are available in your local repository.

  • openebs/localpv-provisioner
  • openebs/linux-utils
  • openebs/node-disk-manager
  • openebs/node-disk-operator :::

Prerequisites

For provisioning Local PV using the block devices, the Kubernetes nodes should have block devices attached to the nodes. The block devices can optionally be formatted and mounted.

The block devices can be any of the following:

  • SSD, NVMe or Hard Disk attached to a Kubernetes node (Bare metal server)
  • Cloud Provider Disks like EBS or GPD attached to a Kubernetes node (Cloud instances. GKE or EKS)
  • Virtual Disks like a vSAN volume or VMDK disk attached to a Kubernetes node (Virtual Machine)

Install

Customize NDM and Install

You can skip this section if you have already installed OpenEBS.

OpenEBS Dynamic Local Provisioner uses the Block Devices discovered by NDM to create Local PVs. NDM offers some configurable parameters that can be applied during the OpenEBS Installation. Some key configurable parameters available for NDM are:

  1. Prepare to install OpenEBS by providing custom values for configurable parameters.

    • The location of the OpenEBS Dynamic Local PV provisioner container image.

      Default value: openebs/provisioner-localpv YAML specification: spec.image on Deployment(localpv-provisioner) Helm key: localprovisioner.image

    • The location of the OpenEBS NDM DaemonSet container image. NDM DaemonSet helps with discovering block devices attached to a node and creating Block Device Resources.

      Default value: openebs/node-disk-manager YAML specification: spec.image on DaemonSet(openebs-ndm) Helm key: ndm.image

    • The location of the OpenEBS NDM Operator container image. NDM Operator helps with allocating Block Devices to Block Device Claims raised by OpenEBS Dynamic Local PV Provisioner.

      Default value: openebs/node-disk-operator YAML specification: spec.image on Deployment(openebs-ndm-operator) Helm key: ndmOperator.image

    • The location of the Provisioner Helper container image. OpenEBS Dynamic Local Provisioner create a Provisioner Helper pod to clean up the data from the block device after the PV has been deleted.

      Default value: openebs/linux-utils YAML specification: Environment Variable (CLEANUP_JOB_IMAGE) on Deployment(ndm-operator) Helm key: helper.image

    • Specify the list of block devices for which BlockDevice CRs must be created. A comma separated values of path regular expressions can be specified.

      Default value: all YAML specification: data."node-disk-manager.config".filterconfigs.key["path-filter"].include on ConfigMap(openebs-ndm-config) Helm key: ndm.filters.includePaths

    • Specify the list of block devices for which BlockDevice CRs must not be created. A comma separated values of path regular expressions can be specified.

      Default value: "loop,fd0,sr0,/dev/ram,/dev/dm-,/dev/md" YAML specification: data."node-disk-manager.config".filterconfigs.key["path-filter"].exclude on ConfigMap(openebs-ndm-config) Helm key: ndm.filters.excludePaths

  2. You can proceed to install OpenEBS either using kubectl or helm using the steps below.

    • Install using kubectl

      If you would like to change the default values for any of the configurable parameters mentioned in the previous step, download the openebs-operator.yaml and make the necessary changes before applying.

      kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/openebs-operator.yaml

      :::note If you would like to use only Local PV (hostpath and device), you can install a lite version of OpenEBS using the following command.

      kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/openebs-operator-lite.yaml kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/openebs-lite-sc.yaml :::

    • Install using OpenEBS helm charts

      If you would like to change the default values for any of the configurable parameters mentioned in the previous step, specify each parameter using the --set key=value[,key=value] argument to helm install.

      helm repo add openebs https://openebs.github.io/charts
helm repo update
helm install --namespace openebs --name openebs openebs/openebs

(Optional) Block Device Tagging

You can reserve block devices in the cluster that you would like the OpenEBS Dynamic Local Provisioner to pick up some specific block devices available on the node. You can use the NDM Block Device tagging feature to reserve the devices. For example, if you would like Local SSDs on your cluster for running Mongo stateful application. You can tag a few devices in the cluster with a tag named mongo.

kubectl label bd -n openebs blockdevice-0052b132e6c5800139d1a7dfded8b7d7 openebs.io/block-device-tag=mongo

Create StorageClass

You can skip this section if you would like to use default OpenEBS Local PV Device StorageClass created by OpenEBS.

The default Storage Class is called openebs-device. If the block devices are not formatted, the devices will be formatted with ext4.

  1. To create your own StorageClass to customize how Local PV with devices are created. For instance, if you would like to run MongoDB stateful applications with Local PV device, you would want to set the default filesystem as xfs and/or also dedicate some devices on node that you want to use for Local PV. Save the following StorageClass definition as local-device-sc.yaml

    apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: local-device
  annotations:
    openebs.io/cas-type: local
    cas.openebs.io/config: |
      - name: StorageType
        value: device
      - name: FSType
        value: xfs
      - name: BlockDeviceTag
        value: "mongo"
provisioner: openebs.io/local
reclaimPolicy: Delete
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer

    :::note The volumeBindingMode MUST ALWAYS be set to WaitForFirstConsumer. volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer instructs Kubernetes to initiate the creation of PV only after Pod using PVC is scheduled to the node. :::

    :::note The FSType will take effect only if the underlying block device is not formatted. For instance if the block device is formatted with "Ext4", specifying "XFS" in the storage class will not clear Ext4 and format with XFS. If the block devices are already formatted, you can clear the filesystem information using wipefs -f -a <device-path>. After the filesystem has been cleared, NDM pod on the node needs to be restarted to update the Block Device. :::

  2. Edit local-device-sc.yaml and update with your desired values for:

    • metadata.name
    • cas.openebs.io/config.FSType
    • cas.openebs.io/config.BlockDeviceTag

    :::note Block Device Tag support for Local Volumes was introduced in OpenEBS 1.9.

    When specifying the value for BlockDeviceTag, you must already have Block Devices on the nodes labelled with the tag. See Block Device Tagging :::

  3. Create OpenEBS Local PV Device Storage Class.

    kubectl apply -f local-device-sc.yaml

  4. Verify that the StorageClass is successfully created.

    kubectl get sc local-device -o yaml

Create a PersistentVolumeClaim

The next step is to create a PersistentVolumeClaim. Pods will use PersistentVolumeClaims to request Device backed Local PV from OpenEBS Dynamic Local PV provisioner.

  1. Here is the configuration file for the PersistentVolumeClaim. Save the following PersistentVolumeClaim definition as local-device-pvc.yaml

    kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: local-device-pvc
spec:
  storageClassName: local-device
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5G

  2. Create the PersistentVolumeClaim

    kubectl apply -f local-device-pvc.yaml

  3. Look at the PersistentVolumeClaim:

    kubectl get pvc local-device-pvc

    The output shows that the STATUS is Pending. This means PVC has not yet been used by an application pod. The next step is to create a Pod that uses your PersistentVolumeClaim as a volume.

    NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE local-device-pvc Pending local-device 31s

Using Raw Block Volume

By default, Local PV volume will be provisioned with volumeMode as filesystem. If you would like to use it as Raw Block Volume, specify spec.volumeMode as Block in the Persistent Volume Claim spec. Here is the configuration file for the PersistentVolumeClaim with Raw Block Volume Support.

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: local-device-pvc-block
spec:
  storageClassName: local-device
  volumeMode: Block
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5G

:::note Raw Block Volume support was introduced for OpenEBS Local PV OpenEBS 1.5. :::

Create Pod to consume OpenEBS Local PV backed by Block Device

  1. Here is the configuration file for the Pod that uses Local PV. Save the following Pod definition to local-device-pod.yaml.

    apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: hello-local-device-pod
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: local-storage
    persistentVolumeClaim:
      claimName: local-device-pvc
  containers:
  - name: hello-container
    image: busybox
    command:
       - sh
       - -c
       - 'while true; do echo "`date` [`hostname`] Hello from OpenEBS Local PV." >> /mnt/store/greet.txt; sleep $(($RANDOM % 5 + 300)); done'
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /mnt/store
      name: local-storage

    :::note As the Local PV storage classes use waitForFirstConsumer, do not use nodeName in the Pod spec to specify node affinity. If nodeName is used in the Pod spec, then PVC will remain in pending state. For more details refer openebs/openebs#2915. :::

  2. Create the Pod:

    kubectl apply -f local-device-pod.yaml

  3. Verify that the container in the Pod is running;

    kubectl get pod hello-local-device-pod

  4. Verify that the container is using the Local PV Device

    kubectl describe pod hello-local-device-pod

    The output shows that the Pod is running on Node: gke-user-helm-default-pool-3a63aff5-1tmf and using the persistent volume provided by local-describe-pvc.

    Name: hello-local-device-pod Namespace: default Priority: 0 Node: gke-user-helm-default-pool-92abeacf-89nd/10.128.0.16 Start Time: Thu, 16 Apr 2020 17:56:04 +0000 ... Volumes: local-storage: Type: PersistentVolumeClaim (a reference to a PersistentVolumeClaim in the same namespace) ClaimName: local-device-pvc ReadOnly: false ...

  5. Look at the PersistentVolumeClaim again to see the details about the dynamically provisioned Local PersistentVolume

    kubectl get pvc local-device-pvc

    The output shows that the STATUS is Bound. A new Persistent Volume pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f has been created.

    NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE local-device-pvc Bound pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f 5G RWO local-device 5m56s

  6. Look at the PersistentVolume details to see where the data is stored. Replace the PVC name with the one that was displayed in the previous step.

    kubectl get pv pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f -o yaml

    The output shows that the PV was provisioned in response to PVC request spec.claimRef.name: local-device-pvc.

    apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f annotations: pv.kubernetes.io/provisioned-by: openebs.io/local ... spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce capacity: storage: 5G claimRef: apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim name: local-device-pvc namespace: default resourceVersion: "291148" uid: 79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f ... ... local: fsType: "" path: /mnt/disks/ssd0 nodeAffinity: required: nodeSelectorTerms: - matchExpressions: - key: kubernetes.io/hostname operator: In values: - gke-user-helm-default-pool-92abeacf-89nd persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete storageClassName: local-device volumeMode: Filesystem status: phase: Bound

:::note A few important characteristics of a OpenEBS Local PV can be seen from the above output:

  • spec.nodeAffinity specifies the Kubernetes node where the Pod using the local volume is scheduled.
  • spec.local.path specifies the path of the block device associated with this PV. :::

  1. OpenEBS Dynamic Local Provisioner would have created a BlockDeviceClaim to get a BlockDevice from NDM. The BlockDeviceClaim will be having the same name as the PV name. Look at the BlockDeviceClaim details to see which Block Device is being used. Replace the PVC Name in the below command with the PVC name that was displayed in the previous step.

    kubectl get bdc -n openebs bdc-pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f

    The output shows that the PHASE is Bound, and provides the name of the Block Device blockdevice-d1ef1e1b9dccf224e000c6f2e908c5f2

    NAME BLOCKDEVICENAME PHASE AGE bdc-pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f blockdevice-d1ef1e1b9dccf224e000c6f2e908c5f2 Bound 12m

  2. Look at the BlockDevice details to see where the data is stored. Replace the BDC name with the one that was displayed in the previous step.

    kubectl get bd -n openebs blockdevice-d1ef1e1b9dccf224e000c6f2e908c5f2 -o yaml

    The output shows that the BD is on the node spec.nodeAttributes.nodeName: gke-user-helm-default-pool-92abeacf-89nd.

    apiVersion: openebs.io/v1alpha1 kind: BlockDevice metadata: name: blockdevice-d1ef1e1b9dccf224e000c6f2e908c5f2 namespace: openebs ... spec: capacity: logicalSectorSize: 4096 physicalSectorSize: 4096 storage: 402653184000 claimRef: apiVersion: openebs.io/v1alpha1 kind: BlockDeviceClaim name: bdc-pvc-79d25095-eb1f-4028-9843-7824cb82f07f namespace: openebs uid: 8efe7480-9117-4f51-b271-84ee51a94684 details: compliance: SPC-4 deviceType: disk driveType: SSD hardwareSectorSize: 4096 logicalBlockSize: 4096 model: EphemeralDisk physicalBlockSize: 4096 serial: local-ssd-0 vendor: Google devlinks: - kind: by-id links: - /dev/disk/by-id/scsi-0Google_EphemeralDisk_local-ssd-0 - /dev/disk/by-id/google-local-ssd-0 - kind: by-path links: - /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:04.0-scsi-0:0:1:0 filesystem: fsType: ext4 mountPoint: /mnt/disks/ssd0 nodeAttributes: nodeName: gke-user-helm-default-pool-92abeacf-89nd partitioned: "No" path: /dev/sdb status: claimState: Claimed state: Active

:::note A few important details from the above Block Device are:

  • spec.filesystem indicates if the BlockDevice has been formatted and the path where it has been mounted.
    • If the block device is pre-formatted as in the above case, the PV will be created with path as spec.filesystem.mountPoint.
    • If the block device is not formatted, it will be formatted with the filesystem specified in the PVC and StorageClass. Default is ext4. :::

Cleanup

Delete the Pod, the PersistentVolumeClaim and StorageClass that you might have created.

kubectl delete pod hello-local-device-pod
kubectl delete pvc local-device-pvc
kubectl delete sc local-device

Verify that the PV that was dynamically created is also deleted.

kubectl get pv

Backup and Restore

OpenEBS Local Volumes can be backed up and restored along with the application using Velero.

:::note The following steps assume that you already have Velero with Restic integration is configured. If not, please follow the Velero Documentation to proceed with install and setup of Velero. If you encounter any issues or have questions, talk to us on the #openebs channel on the Kubernetes Slack server. :::

Backup

The following steps will help you to prepare and backup the data from the volume created for the example pod (hello-local-device-pod), with the volume mount (local-storage).

  1. Prepare the application pod for backup. Velero uses Kubernetes labels to select the pods that need to be backed up. Velero uses annotation on the pods to determine which volumes need to be backed up. For the example pod launched in this guide, you can inform velero to backup by specifying the following label and annotation.

    kubectl label pod hello-local-device-pod app=test-velero-backup
kubectl annotate pod hello-local-device-pod backup.velero.io/backup-volumes=local-storage

  2. Create a Backup using velero.

    velero backup create bbb-01 -l app=test-velero-backup

  3. Verify that backup is successful.

    velero backup describe bbb-01 --details

    On successful completion of the backup, the output of the backup describe command will show the following:

    ... Restic Backups: Completed: default/hello-local-device-pod: local-storage

Restore

  1. Install and Setup Velero, with the same provider where backups were saved. Verify that backups are accessible.

    velero backup get

    The output of should display the backups that were taken successfully.

    NAME STATUS CREATED EXPIRES STORAGE LOCATION SELECTOR bbb-01 Completed 2020-04-25 15:49:46 +0000 UTC 29d default app=test-velero-backup

  2. Restore the application.

    :::note Local PVs are created with node affinity. As the node names will change when a new cluster is created, create the required PVC(s) prior to proceeding with restore. :::

    Replace the path to the PVC yaml in the below commands, with the PVC that you have created.

    kubectl apply -f https://openebs.github.io/charts/examples/local-device/local-device-pvc.yaml
velero restore create rbb-01 --from-backup bbb-01 -l app=test-velero-backup

  3. Verify that application is restored.

    velero restore describe rbb-01

    Depending on the data, it may take a while to initialize the volume. On successful restore, the output of the above command should show:

    ... Restic Restores (specify --details for more information): Completed: 1

  4. Verify that data has been restored. The application pod used in this example, write periodic messages (greetings) to the volume.

    kubectl exec hello-local-device-pod -- cat /mnt/store/greet.txt

    The output will show that backed up data as well as new greetings that started appearing after application pod was restored.

    Sat Apr 25 15:41:30 UTC 2020 [hello-local-device-pod] Hello from OpenEBS Local PV. Sat Apr 25 15:46:30 UTC 2020 [hello-local-device-pod] Hello from OpenEBS Local PV. Sat Apr 25 16:11:25 UTC 2020 [hello-local-device-pod] Hello from OpenEBS Local PV.

Troubleshooting

Review the logs of the OpenEBS Local PV provisioner. OpenEBS Dynamic Local Provisioner logs can be fetched using.

kubectl logs -n openebs -l openebs.io/component-name=openebs-localpv-provisioner

Support

If you encounter issues or have a question, file an Github issue, or talk to us on the #openebs channel on the Kubernetes Slack server.

See Also:

Understand OpenEBS Local PVs

Node Disk Manager