[exporter-jaeger] add support for using the JaegerExporter with bundling tools

[pichlermarc]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

Currently, the JaegerExporter tries to load .thrift files from the file system when being required, which causes problems when used with bundling tools (see #3521).

Describe the solution you'd like

Add support for using the exporter with tools like webpack, rollup, esbuild.

Additional context

#3739
#3521

[pichlermarc]

More specifically JaegerExporter depends on jaeger-client, which loads those files. By not depending on the jaeger-client we'd also fix #3759 as a side-effect of that.

[github-actions]

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