docs: add testable examples for component.ID and component.Type Closes Issue #13146 (#13430)

#### Description

Adds testable examples for `component.ID` and `component.Type` to
improve the documentation rendered on
[pkg.go.dev](https://pkg.go.dev/go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component).
These examples demonstrate how to construct and use these types in a
simple and idiomatic way, per the Go documentation guidelines.

#### Link to tracking issue
Fixes #13146

#### Testing
Testable examples were added in `component/identifiable_example_test.go`
and verified using:

```
cd component/
go test ./... -v
```

---------

Co-authored-by: Damien Mathieu <42@dmathieu.com>
Co-authored-by: Alex Boten <223565+codeboten@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

component/identifiable_example_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+package component_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/collector/component"
+)
+
+func ExampleNewType() {
+	t, err := component.NewType("exampleexporter")
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Println("error:", err)
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Println(t.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// exampleexporter
+}
+
+func ExampleMustNewType() {
+	t := component.MustNewType("examplereceiver")
+	fmt.Println(t.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// examplereceiver
+}
+
+func ExampleNewID() {
+	t := component.MustNewType("exampleprocessor")
+	id := component.NewID(t)
+	fmt.Println(id.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// exampleprocessor
+}
+
+func ExampleMustNewID() {
+	id := component.MustNewID("examplereceiver")
+	fmt.Println(id.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// examplereceiver
+}
+
+func ExampleNewIDWithName() {
+	t := component.MustNewType("exampleexporter")
+	id := component.NewIDWithName(t, "customname")
+	fmt.Println(id.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// exampleexporter/customname
+}
+
+func ExampleMustNewIDWithName() {
+	id := component.MustNewIDWithName("exampleprocessor", "customproc")
+	fmt.Println(id.String())
+
+	// Output:
+	// exampleprocessor/customproc
+}