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Weather.kif
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;;-------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; F. Air and Atmosphere (Moved from Geography.kif - Jennie October 2017)
;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; &%altitude: Object x Object x LengthMeasure is defined in Merge.txt.
;; F. Air and atmosphere
(subclass Atmosphere Region)
(subclass Atmosphere (ExtensionFn Fluid))
(documentation Atmosphere EnglishLanguage "&%Atmosphere is a &%Mixture of gases
surrounding any celestial object that has a gravitational field
strong enough to prevent the gases from escaping.")
(documentation Atmosphere ChineseLanguage "&%Atmosphere 是气体的 &%Mixture，它由任何有足够强大
地深吸力阻止气体溢出的天体物体包围着。")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage Atmosphere "大气层")
(=>
(instance ?AIR Atmosphere)
(exists (?BODY)
(and
(instance ?BODY AstronomicalBody)
(meetsSpatially ?AIR ?BODY))))
(instance EarthsAtmosphere Atmosphere)
(documentation EarthsAtmosphere EnglishLanguage "EarthsAtmosphere is the layer of gases,
a mixture of mainly oxygen and nitrogen, surrounding PlanetEarth. See also Air.")
(=>
(instance ?AIRSPACE AtmosphericRegion)
(part ?AIRSPACE EarthsAtmosphere))
(=>
(instance ?AIR Air)
(piece ?AIR EarthsAtmosphere))
(=>
(instance ?AIRSPACE AtmosphericRegion)
(exists (?AIR)
(and
(instance ?AIR Air)
(part ?AIR ?AIRSPACE))))
(=>
(instance ?AIR Air)
(exists (?PART)
(and
(instance ?PART Oxygen)
(part ?PART ?AIR))))
(=>
(instance ?AIR Air)
(exists (?PART)
(and
(instance ?PART Nitrogen)
(part ?PART ?AIR))))
(subclass AirStream FlowRegion)
(subclass AirStream Air)
(documentation AirStream EnglishLanguage "&%AirStream is the class
of &%FlowRegions that consist of air.")
(documentation AirStream ChineseLanguage "气流 &%AirStream 是一类由空气组成的流动区域 &%FlowRegion.")
(=>
(and
(instance ?AS AirStream)
(part ?AIR ?AS))
(attribute ?AR Gas))
(subclass JetStream AirStream)
(documentation JetStream EnglishLanguage "&%JetStream is the class of high-velocity
&%AirStreams that blow constantly in the upper atmosphere of some planets with constant
speed and direction, though their location shifts somewhat. There are
four &%JetStreams in &%EarthsAtmosphere.")
(subclass WindFlow AirStream)
(documentation WindFlow EnglishLanguage "&%WindFlow is the class of variable &%AirStreams
that are in the &%EarthsAtmosphere. It is also known as air currents which are concentrated
areas of winds.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage WindFlow "wind flow")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage WindFlow "大气气流")
(=>
(instance ?BLOW WindFlow)
(located ?BLOW EarthsAtmosphere))
(=>
(instance ?R WindFlow)
(exists (?WIND)
(and
(instance ?WIND Wind)
(eventLocated ?WIND ?R))))
;; Measures of wind characteristics:
(instance surfaceWindVelocity TernaryPredicate)
(domain surfaceWindVelocity 1 Object)
(domain surfaceWindVelocity 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domain surfaceWindVelocity 3 DirectionalAttribute)
(documentation surfaceWindVelocity EnglishLanguage
"(&%surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the
surface &%Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and is moving
toward the &%DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD. Surface wind is found at the
surface of the planet, everyday wind. Technically, &%Winds moving
through the atmosphere up to an altitude of 500 feet.")
(=>
(and
(surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE (SpeedFn ?DIST ?TIME) ?DIRECTION)
(instance ?PLACE WindFlow))
(exists (?BLOW)
(and
(instance ?BLOW Wind)
(eventPartlyLocated ?BLOW ?PLACE)
(measure ?BLOW (VelocityFn ?DIST ?TIME ?PLACE ?DIRECTION)))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?PLACE Object)
(instance ?BLOW Wind)
(measure ?BLOW (VelocityFn ?DIST ?TIME ?PLACE ?DIRECTION)))
(surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE (SpeedFn ?DIST ?TIME) ?DIRECTION))
(instance surfaceWindSpeed BinaryPredicate)
(domain surfaceWindSpeed 1 Object)
(domain surfaceWindSpeed 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(documentation surfaceWindSpeed EnglishLanguage "(&%surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE)
means that the speed of the surface &%Wind at the &%GeographicArea
?PLACE is ?RATE. Wind speed may be expressed in knots (&%KnotUnitOfSpeed)
or as any distance per time unit (using (&%SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)).
Surface wind is found at the surface of the planet, everyday wind.
Technically, &%Winds moving through the atmosphere up to an altitude
of 500 feet.")
(=>
(surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION)
(surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE ?SPEED))
(=>
(and
(instance ?ZEPHYR WindFlow)
(instance ?PLACE Object)
(partlyLocated ?ZEPHYR ?PLACE)
(elevation ?ZEPHYR
(MeasureFn ?X FootLength))
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?X 500.0)
(measure ?ZEPHYR (SpeedFn ?DIST ?TIME)))
(surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE (SpeedFn ?DIST ?TIME)))
(=>
(and
(instance ?ZEPHYR WindFlow)
(instance ?PLACE Object)
(partlyLocated ?ZEPHYR ?PLACE)
(measure ?ZEPHYR (MeasureFn ?SPEED KnotUnitOfSpeed)))
(surfaceWindSpeed ?PLACE (MeasureFn ?SPEED KnotUnitOfSpeed)))
(instance surfaceWindDirection BinaryPredicate)
(domain surfaceWindDirection 1 Object)
(domain surfaceWindDirection 2 DirectionalAttribute)
(documentation surfaceWindDirection EnglishLanguage
"(&%surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIRECTION) means that at ?PLACE
the wind is coming from the compass point ?DIRECTION. For example,
(&%surfaceWindDirection &%SanFranciscoBay &%Northwest) means that the
wind in San Francisco Bay is coming from the Northwest. The wind is
within 500 feet of Earth's surface.")
(=>
(surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIR)
(exists (?WIND ?FROM)
(and
(instance ?WIND Wind)
(instance ?FROM Region)
(eventPartlyLocated ?WIND ?PLACE)
(origin ?WIND ?FROM)
(orientation ?FROM ?PLACE ?DIR))))
(=>
(and
(surfaceWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIR-TOWARD)
(oppositeDirection ?DIR-TOWARD ?DIR-FROM))
(surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIR-FROM))
(=>
(and
(instance ?ZEPHYR WindFlow)
(measure ?ZEPHYR (VelocityFn ?DIST ?TIME ?PLACE ?DIR-TOWARD))
(oppositeDirection ?DIR-TOWARD ?DIR-FROM))
(surfaceWindDirection ?PLACE ?DIR-FROM))
(instance lowAltitudeWindVelocity TernaryPredicate)
(domain lowAltitudeWindVelocity 1 Object)
(domain lowAltitudeWindVelocity 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domain lowAltitudeWindVelocity 3 DirectionalAttribute)
(documentation lowAltitudeWindVelocity EnglishLanguage
"(&%lowAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION) means that the
low-altitude &%Wind blowing at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED and comes
from the compass point ?DIRECTION. Low-altitude wind is wind blowing
between 500-10,000 feet.")
(instance lowAltitudeWindSpeed BinaryPredicate)
(instance lowAltitudeWindSpeed AsymmetricRelation)
(domain lowAltitudeWindSpeed 1 Object)
(domain lowAltitudeWindSpeed 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(documentation lowAltitudeWindSpeed EnglishLanguage
"(&%lowAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the &%Wind blowing
between 500-10,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE. &%Wind speed
may be expressed in knots (&%KnotUnitOfSpeed) or as any distance per
time unit (using (&%SpeedFn ?DISTANCE ?TIME)).")
(=>
(lowAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION)
(lowAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?SPEED))
(instance mediumAltitudeWindVelocity TernaryPredicate)
(domain mediumAltitudeWindVelocity 1 Object)
(domain mediumAltitudeWindVelocity 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domain mediumAltitudeWindVelocity 3 DirectionalAttribute)
(documentation mediumAltitudeWindVelocity EnglishLanguage
"(&%mediumAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the
&%Wind blowing between 10,000-25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of
?SPEED and is moving toward the &%DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.")
(instance mediumAltitudeWindSpeed BinaryPredicate)
(instance mediumAltitudeWindSpeed AsymmetricRelation)
(domain mediumAltitudeWindSpeed 1 Object)
(domain mediumAltitudeWindSpeed 2 ConstantQuantity)
(documentation mediumAltitudeWindSpeed EnglishLanguage
"(&%mediumAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the &%Wind
blowing between 10,000-25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.")
(=>
(mediumAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION)
(mediumAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?SPEED))
(instance highAltitudeWindVelocity TernaryPredicate)
(domain highAltitudeWindVelocity 1 Object)
(domain highAltitudeWindVelocity 2 PhysicalQuantity)
(domain highAltitudeWindVelocity 3 DirectionalAttribute)
(documentation highAltitudeWindVelocity EnglishLanguage
"(&%highAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?TOWARD) means that the
&%Wind blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?SPEED
and is moving toward the &%DirectionalAttribute ?TOWARD.")
(instance highAltitudeWindSpeed BinaryPredicate)
(instance highAltitudeWindSpeed AsymmetricRelation)
(domain highAltitudeWindSpeed 1 Object)
(domain highAltitudeWindSpeed 2 ConstantQuantity)
(documentation highAltitudeWindSpeed EnglishLanguage
"(&%highAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?RATE) means that the &%Wind
blowing above 25,000 feet at ?PLACE has a speed of ?RATE.")
(=>
(highAltitudeWindVelocity ?PLACE ?SPEED ?DIRECTION)
(highAltitudeWindSpeed ?PLACE ?SPEED))
(instance Upwind PositionalAttribute)
(subAttribute Upwind Upstream)
(documentation Upwind EnglishLanguage
"&%Upwind is a &%PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position
upwind (windward) with respect to the direction that the &%Wind is
blowing.")
(instance Downwind PositionalAttribute)
(subAttribute Downwind Downstream)
(documentation Downwind EnglishLanguage
"&%Downwind is a &%PositionalAttribute that indicates relative position
downwind (leeward) with respect to the direction that the &%Wind is
blowing.")
(instance windRelativePosition BinaryPredicate)
(instance windRelativePosition AsymmetricRelation)
(domain windRelativePosition 1 Object)
(domain windRelativePosition 2 Attribute)
(documentation windRelativePosition EnglishLanguage
"(&%windRelativePosition ?OBJECT ?POSITION) means that the &%Wind blows
at ?OBJECT from the relative vector ?POSITION. E.g., &%Crosswind,
&%Headwind, &%Tailwind.")
(instance Crosswind Attribute)
(documentation Crosswind EnglishLanguage "&%Crosswind is the relative attribute of a
&%Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to a lateral
&%side of the object.")
(instance Headwind Attribute)
(documentation Headwind EnglishLanguage "&%Headwind is the relative attribute of a
&%Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the front
of the object (&%FrontFn). A headwind can negatively affect the speed
capability of a vehicle.")
(instance Tailwind Attribute)
(documentation Tailwind EnglishLanguage "&%Tailwind is the relative attribute of a
&%Wind to an object when the force of the wind is applied to the back
of the object (&%BackFn). A tailwind can positively affect the speed
capability of a vehicle.")
(documentation windDrivenMotion EnglishLanguage "&%windDrivenMotion is an instance of
&%BinaryPredicate. In (windDrivenMotion ?W ?WM), ?W is the &%Wind that &%causes the &%Motion
of an &%object located in a &%Region wherethe wind blows. ")
(format EnglishLanguage windDrivenMotion "%1 causes %2")
(documentation windDrivenMotion ChineseLanguage "&%windDrivenMotion (风力运动) 是一个
&%BinaryPredicate (二元谓语) 的实例。 在(windDrivenMotion ?W ?WM), ?W 是由 &%Wind (风)所 &%causes
(导致)位于风在吹&%Region ()地区上某个&%object (物体)的&%Motion (运动)。")
(format ChineseLanguage windDrivenMotion "%1 导致 %2")
(domain windDrivenMotion 1 Wind)
(domain windDrivenMotion 2 Motion)
(instance windDrivenMotion BinaryPredicate)
(=>
(windDrivenMotion ?W ?WM)
(causes ?W ?WM))
(subclass BeaufortNumberAttribute SpeedScaleAttribute)
(documentation BeaufortNumberAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%BeaufortNumberAttribute is the
&%Attribute for indicating wind force, according to classifications based on observable weather
conditions such as movement of object presence at the location, and later
related to wind speed ranges.")
(documentation BeaufortNumberAttribute ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumberAttribute (浦福氏凤级)
是表示风力的 &%Attribute (属性)， 它根据可观察的天气条件如在相关位置物体的动态，然后按强弱归类风速等级。")
(=>
(and
(instance ?BN BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(property ?X ?BN))
(instance ?X Wind))
(=>
(and
(instance ?W Wind)
(instance ?BN BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(eventLocated ?W ?AREA)
(believes ?A
(property ?W ?BN))
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax ?BN
(MeasureFn ?MIN ?U)
(MeasureFn ?MAX ?U))
(instance ?U UnitOfMeasure))
(exists (?SPEED)
(and
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?SPEED ?MIN)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?SPEED ?MAX)
(believes ?A
(surfaceWindSpeed ?AREA
(MeasureFn ?SPEED ?U))))))
(documentation BeaufortNumber0 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber0 is less than 1 &%MilesPerHour (2 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber0 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber0 (浦氏0风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)少于1 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(2 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber0 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber0 BeaufortNumber1)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber0 (MeasureFn 0.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 1.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber1 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber1 ranges between 1 and 3 &%MilesPerHour (2-5 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber1 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber1 (浦氏1风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)1 到 3 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(2-5 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber1 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber1 BeaufortNumber2)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber1 (MeasureFn 1.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 3.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber2 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber2 ranges between 4 and 7 &%MilesPerHour (6 and 11 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber2 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber2 (浦氏2风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)4 到 7 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(6-11km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber2 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber2 BeaufortNumber3)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber2 (MeasureFn 4.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 7.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber3 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber3 ranges between 8 and 12 &%MilesPerHour (12 and 19 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber3 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber3 (浦氏3风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)8 到 12 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(12-19 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber3 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber3 BeaufortNumber4)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber3 (MeasureFn 8.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 12.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber4 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber4 ranges between 13 and 18 &%MilesPerHour (20 and 28 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber4 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber4 (浦氏4风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)13 到 18 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(20-28 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber4 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber4 BeaufortNumber5)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber4 (MeasureFn 13.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 18.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber5 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber5 ranges between 19 and 24 &%MilesPerHour (29 and 38 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber5 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber5 (浦氏5风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)19 到 24 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(29-38 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber5 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber5 BeaufortNumber6)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber5 (MeasureFn 19.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 24.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber6 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber6 ranges between 25 and 31 &%MilesPerHour (39 and 49 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber6 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber6 (浦氏6风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)25 到 31 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(39-49 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber6 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber6 BeaufortNumber7)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber6 (MeasureFn 25.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 31.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber7 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber7 ranges between 32 and 38 &%MilesPerHour (50 and 61 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber7 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber7 (浦氏7风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)32 到 38 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(50-61 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber7 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber7 BeaufortNumber8)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber7 (MeasureFn 32.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 38.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber8 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber8 ranges between 39 and 46 &%MilesPerHour (62 and 74 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber8 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber8 (浦氏8风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)39 到 46 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(62-74 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber8 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber8 BeaufortNumber9)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber8 (MeasureFn 39.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 46.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber9 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber9 ranges between 47 and 54 &%MilesPerHour (75 and 88 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber9 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber9 (浦氏9风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)47 到 54 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(75-88 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber9 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber9 BeaufortNumber10)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber9 (MeasureFn 47.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 54.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber10 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber10 ranges between 55 and 63 &%MilesPerHour (89 and 102 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber10 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber10 (浦氏10风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)55 到 63 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(89-102 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber10 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber10 BeaufortNumber11)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber10 (MeasureFn 55.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 63.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber11 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber11 ranges between 64 and 72 &%MilesPerHour (103 and 117 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber11 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber11 (浦氏11风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速)64 到 372&%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(103-117 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber11 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(successorAttribute BeaufortNumber11 BeaufortNumber12)
(speedScaleAttributeMinMax BeaufortNumber11 (MeasureFn 64.0 MilesPerHour) (MeasureFn 72.0 MilesPerHour))
(documentation BeaufortNumber12 EnglishLanguage "The estimated &%surfaceWindSpeed for
&%BeaufortNumber12 is over 73 &%MilesPerHour (118 km/h).")
(documentation BeaufortNumber12 ChineseLanguage "&%BeaufortNumber12 (浦氏12风级)的 预计
&%surfaceWindSpeed (地面风速) 大于73 &%MilesPerHour (每小时英里)即(118 km/h).")
(instance BeaufortNumber12 BeaufortNumberAttribute)
(=>
(and
(instance ?W Wind)
(instance ?BN BeaufortNumber12)
(eventLocated ?W ?AREA)
(believes ?A
(property ?W ?BN)))
(exists (?SPEED)
(and
(greaterThan ?SPEED 73.0)
(believes ?A
(surfaceWindSpeed ?AREA
(MeasureFn ?SPEED MilesPerHour))))))
;;----------------------------------------------------------------------
;; G. Weather & Climate
(subclass WeatherSeason WeatherProcess)
(documentation WeatherSeason EnglishLanguage "&%WeatherSeason is the class of seasonal
processes that are characterized by various weather patterns.
&%WeatherSeasons may recur on a regular annual basis, on a different
pattern, or irregularly.")
(subclass Monsoon WeatherSeason)
(subclass HurricaneSeason WeatherSeason)
(subclass ElNino WeatherSeason)
(documentation WeatherSystem EnglishLanguage "&%WeatherSystems are the
movement of &%WindFlows across the &%EarthsAtmosphere. These movements
are known as &%LowPressureWeatherSystems and &%HighPressureWeatherSystem.")
(documentation WeatherSystem ChineseLanguage "天气系统 &%WeatherSystem
是在地球大气层 &%EarthsAtmosphere 上流动的大气气流 &%WindFlow，这些运动又名为
低气压天气系统 &%LowPressureWeatherSystems 和 高气压天气系统
&%HighPressureWeatherSystem。")
(subclass WeatherSystem WeatherProcess)
(=>
(instance ?WS WeatherSystem)
(exists (?MOVE ?WF)
(and
(instance ?MOVE Translocation)
(instance ?WF WindFlow)
(patient ?MOVE ?WF)
(subProcess ?MOVE ?WS))))
(documentation LowPressureWeatherSystem EnglishLanguage "&%LowPressureWeatherSystem is
the class of &%WeatherSystems characterized by &%barometricPressures of
29.5 &%Inchmercury (998.98mbar) or less. Low pressure systems typically introduce
unsettled weather, frequently including storms.")
;; the unsettled weather is covered in the axiom for Storm
(documentation LowPressureWeatherSystem ChineseLanguage "&%LowPressureWeatherSystem
低气压天气系统是一类天气系统 &%WeatherSystem，它的特点是大气气压 &%barometricPressures 处于
29.5 寸水銀柱 &%Inchmercury (998.98mbar)或更低数值。低气压系统一般带来不稳定的天气， 如常伴随有风暴。")
(subclass LowPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem)
(partition LowPressureWeatherSystem HighPressureWeatherSystem)
(=>
(and
(instance ?SYSTEM LowPressureWeatherSystem)
(eventLocated ?SYSTEM ?AREA))
(and
(barometricPressure ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT InchMercury))
(lessThan ?AMOUNT 29.5)))
(subclass CyclonicStorm LowPressureWeatherSystem)
(subclass CyclonicStorm Storm)
(documentation CyclonicStorm EnglishLanguage "&%CyclonicStorm is the class of
&%LowPressureWeatherSystems that involve a low pressure area
surrounded by winds rotating rapidly inwards.")
(documentation CyclonicStorm ChineseLanguage "&%CyclonicStorm 气旋风暴属于一类
低气压气象系统 &%LowPressureWeatherSystem， 它涉及风向由快速向内旋转的
一处低气压区。")
(=>
(instance ?CS CyclonicStorm)
(exists (?R ?A ?TRAN ?T)
(and
(instance ?R Rotating)
(instance ?A Air)
(instance ?TRAN Translocation)
(subProcess ?R ?T)
(subProcess ?TRAN ?R)
(patient ?TRAN ?A)
(direction ?TRAN Horizontal))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?CS CyclonicStorm)
(instance ?AS AirStream)
(eventLocated ?CS ?AS))
(attribute ?AS Cylinder))
; need to define a function to find the centroid of a region, then
; define the EyeOfCyclone and radiusOfMaximumWind
; Jennie 9th March 2021
(subclass EyeOfCyclone AirStream)
(documentation EnglishLanguage EyeOfCyclone "&%EyeOfCyclone is a calm area
extending from the &Centroid of the &%FlowRegion of a well-developed matured
&%TropicalCyclone. The &%approximateDiameter of a typical &%EyeOfCyclone ranges
between 19 to 40 &%Miles.")
;(documentation ChineseLanguage EyeOfCyclone "")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EyeOfCyclone "eye of cyclone" )
(termFormat ChineseLanguage EyeOfCyclone "台风风眼")
(instance radiusOfMaximumWind BinaryPredicate)
(documentation EnglishLanguage radiusOfMaximumWind "&%radiusOfMaximumWind is &%BinaryPredicate
which states a &%FlowRegion to be within the the radius of maximum wind of a &%CyclonicStorm.
In (radiusOfMaximumWind ?CS ?REGION) ?REGION is located withing the radius of maximum wind (RMW)
of a &%CyclonicStorm ?CS.")
;(documentation ChineseLanguage radiusOfMaximumWind "")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage radiusOfMaximumWind "radius of maximum wind")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage radiusOfMaximumWind "最大风速半径")
(domain radiusOfMaximumWind 1 CyclonicStorm)
(domain radiusOfMaximumWind 2 FlowRegion)
(format EnglishLanguage radiusOfMaximumWind "%2 is within the &%radiusOfMaximumWind of %1")
(format ChineseLanguage radiusOfMaximumWind "%2 在%1 的最大风速半径内")
(subclass TropicalCyclonicSystem CyclonicStorm)
(documentation TropicalCyclonicSystem EnglishLanguage "&%TropicalCyclonicSystem is the class of
&%CyclonicStorms that originates in the &%Tropics and typically have rotational winds of strong
force (> 25 mph) or higher.The whole system typically moving forward at 10-15 mph,
but it can also stay quasistationary, or travel as fast as 40 mph.
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/tropical-cyclones/facts")
(documentation TropicalCyclonicSystem ChineseLanguage "&%TropicalCyclonicSystem (热带气旋系统)
是&%CyclonicStorm (气旋风暴)的一类，它在热带（&%Tropics）产生，风向朝气旋中心，向内旋转，风速一般达强风
(>25 mph)程度或更高的风速。整个系统通常以每小时10-15英里 （10-15 mph）向前移动，可是有时候也会
保持停留不动，或是移动速度快达每小时40英里 （40 mph)。
https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/tropical-cyclones/facts")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TropicalCyclonicSystem "tropical cyclonic system")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage TropicalCyclonicSystem "热带氣旋系统")
(=>
(instance ?STORM TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(exists (?PLACE)
(and
(instance ?PLACE GeographicArea)
(geographicSubregion ?PLACE Tropics)
(origin ?STORM ?PLACE))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?TC TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(origin ?TC ?SEA)
(or
(instance ?SEA NorthAtlanticOcean)
(instance ?SEA PacificOcean)
(instance ?SEA IndianOcean)))
(not
(exists (?AREA ?DIR ?NUM ?LONG)
(and
(located ?AREA ?SEA)
(instance ?DIR DirectionalAttribute)
(objectGeographicCoordinates ?AREA
(LatitudeFn ?DIR
(MeasureFn ?NUM AngularDegree)) ?LONG)
(or
(equal ?DIR North)
(equal ?DIR South))
(lessThan ?NUM 5.0)))))
(subclass TropicalDepression TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(documentation TropicalDepression EnglishLanguage "A &%TropicalDepression
is the weakest form of &%TropicalCyclonicSystem. It has 1-minute sustained winds
of upto 38 &%MilesPerHour according to the National Hurrican Center(NHC),Joint
Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC).")
(documentation TropicalDepression ChineseLanguage "热带低气压(&%TropicalDepression)
是等级形态最弱的热带氣旋系统(&%TropicalCyclonicSystem), 根据美國的國家颶風中心(NHC)、
夏威夷州的中太平洋颶風中心(CPHC)和聯合颱風警報中心的标准，它的一分钟平均风速可达
每小时38英里（&%MilesPerHour ）。")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TropicalDepression "tropical depression")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage TropicalDepression "热带低气压")
(=>
(instance ?TD TropicalDepression)
(exists (?PLACE ?WIND)
(and
(instance ?PLACE GeographicArea)
(eventLocated ?TD ?PLACE)
(equal
(MeasureFn ?WIND MilesPerHour)
(Mean1MinuteWindSpeedFn ?PLACE
(WhenFn ?TD)))
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?WIND 38.0))))
(subclass TropicalCyclone TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(documentation TropicalCyclone EnglishLanguage "&%TropicalCyclone is a generic term
for &%TropicalCyclonicSystems with 1-minute sustained winds of 44 &%MilesPerHour
(mph)or higher.")
(documentation TropicalCyclone ChineseLanguage "&%TropicalCyclone 热带气旋是
热带氣旋系统的一个统称，它的一分钟平均风速一般达每小时44英里（&%MilesPerHour）或更高的风速。")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TropicalCyclone "tropical cyclone")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage TropicalCyclone "热带气旋")
(=>
(instance ?TC TropicalCyclone)
(exists (?PLACE ?WIND)
(and
(instance ?PLACE GeographicArea)
(eventLocated ?TC ?PLACE)
(equal
(MeasureFn ?WIND MilesPerHour)
(Mean1MinuteWindSpeedFn ?PLACE
(WhenFn ?TC)))
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?WIND 44.0))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?TC TropicalCyclone)
(destination ?TC ?DEST)
(instance ?DEST GeographicArea))
(not
(exists (?L ?SL ?X)
(and
(instance ?L LandArea)
(instance ?SL Shoreline)
(located ?DEST ?L)
(distance ?L ?SL
(MeasureFn ?X Mile))
(greaterThan ?X 200.0)))))
(subclass TropicalStorm TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(documentation TropicalStorm EnglishLanguage "&%TropicalStorm is a &%TropicalCyclonicSystem
with 1-minute sustained winds ranging between 39 and 72 &%MilesPerHour.")
(documentation TropicalStorm ChineseLanguage "热带风暴(&%TropicalStorm)是一分钟平均风速
在每小时39和74英里(&%MilesPerHour)之间的热带氣旋系统(&%TropicalCyclonicSystem)。")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage TropicalStorm "tropical storm")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage TropicalStorm "热带风暴")
(=>
(instance ?TS TropicalStorm)
(exists (?PLACE ?WIND)
(and
(instance ?PLACE GeographicArea)
(eventLocated ?TS ?PLACE)
(equal
(MeasureFn ?WIND MilesPerHour)
(Mean1MinuteWindSpeedFn ?PLACE
(WhenFn ?TS)))
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?WIND 39.0)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?WIND 74.0))))
(documentation Hurricane EnglishLanguage "&%Hurricanes are &%TropicalCyclones formed in
&%NortheasternPacificOcean or &%NorthAtlanticOcean with &%Mean1MinuteWindSpeedFn
(1-minute sustained winds)equal to or over 74 &%MilesPerHour.They are classified into 5 categories
based on the &%SSHWSAttribute (Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale).")
(documentation Hurricane ChineseLanguage "颶風(&%Hurricane)是在东北太平洋(&%NortheasternPacificOcean)
或北大西洋(&%NorthAtlanticOcean)形成、1分钟平均地面风速(&%Mean1MinuteWindSpeedFn) 达到或高于每小时74英里
(&%MilesPerHour)的热带气旋(&%TropicalCyclone)。按照萨菲尔辛普森飓风风力等级(&%SSHWSAttribute)可分为五个等级。")
(subclass Hurricane TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Hurricane "hurricane")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage Hurricane "颶風")
(=>
(instance ?H Hurricane)
(exists (?TC ?PLACE ?WIND)
(and
(instance ?TC TropicalCyclone)
(instance ?PLACE GeographicArea)
(eventLocated ?TC ?PLACE)
(equal
(MeasureFn ?WIND MilesPerHour)
(Mean1MinuteWindSpeedFn ?PLACE
(WhenFn ?TC)))
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?WIND 74.0))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?H Hurricane)
(eventLocated ?H ?P)
(instance ?P GeographicArea)
(or
(located ?P ?SEA)
(meetsSpatially ?P ?SEA)))
(or
(equal ?SEA NortheasternPacificOcean)
(equal ?SEA NorthAtlanticOcean)))
(documentation Typhoon EnglishLanguage "&%Typhoons are &%TropicalCyclones with
&%Mean10MinutesWindSpeedFn (10-minute sustained winds) equal to or over 64 &%MilesPerHour
formed in &%NorthwesternPacificOcean.")
(documentation Typhoon ChineseLanguage "颱風（&%Typhoon）是10分钟平均地面风速(&%Mean10MinutesWindSpeedFn)
达到或高于每小时64 英里(&%MilesPerHour)在西北太平洋(&%NorthwesternPacificOcean)的热带气旋(&%TropicalCyclone)。")
(subclass Typhoon TropicalCyclonicSystem)
(termFormat EnglishLanguage Typhoon "typhoon")
(termFormat ChineseLanguage Typhoon "颱風")
(=>
(instance ?T Typhoon)
(exists (?TC ?PLACE ?WIND)
(and
(instance ?TC TropicalCyclone)
(instance ?PLACE GeographicArea)
(eventLocated ?TC ?PLACE)
(equal
(MeasureFn ?WIND MilesPerHour)
(Mean10MinutesWindSpeedFn ?PLACE
(WhenFn ?TC)))
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?WIND 64.0))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?T Typhoon)
(eventLocated ?T ?P)
(instance ?P GeographicArea))
(or
(located ?P NorthwesternPacificOcean)
(meetsSpatially ?P NorthwesternPacificOcean)))
(subclass HighPressureWeatherSystem WeatherSystem)
(documentation HighPressureWeatherSystem EnglishLanguage "&%HighPressureWeatherSystem is
the class of weather systems characterized by high &%barometricPressures.
High pressure systems typically cause clear weather.")
(=>
(and
(instance ?SYSTEM HighPressureWeatherSystem)
(eventLocated ?SYSTEM ?AREA))
(and
(barometricPressure ?AREA (MeasureFn ?AMOUNT InchMercury))
(greaterThan ?AMOUNT 30.2)))
(subclass StormSystem WeatherProcess)
(subclass WeatherFront WeatherProcess)
(documentation WeatherFront EnglishLanguage "&%WeatherFront is the class of weather
processes that are involve relationships between two air masses, such
as a high pressure weather system or a low pressure system.")
(subclass WarmFront WeatherFront)
(documentation WarmFront EnglishLanguage "&%WarmFront is the class of transitional
weather processes occurring between a warm air mass that is advancing
upon a cool air mass.")
(subclass ColdFront WeatherFront)
(documentation ColdFront EnglishLanguage "&%ColdFront is the class of transitional
weather processes occurring between a cold air mass that is advancing
upon a warm air mass.")
(subclass OccludedFront WeatherFront)
(documentation OccludedFront EnglishLanguage "&%OccludedFront is the class of complex
weather transition processes in which a cold air mass overtakes a warm
air mass.")
(subclass StationaryFront WeatherFront)
(documentation StationaryFront EnglishLanguage "&%StationaryFront is the class of
boundary areas between two air masses that are stationary, with neither
mass presently replacing the other.")
(subclass Thunderstorm Storm)
(subclass Waterspout WeatherProcess)
;;---------------------------------
;; Weather- and climate-related data
(instance daylightHoursInterval TernaryPredicate)
(domain daylightHoursInterval 1 Region)
(domainSubclass daylightHoursInterval 2 Day)
(domain daylightHoursInterval 3 TimeInterval)
(documentation daylightHoursInterval EnglishLanguage
"(&%daylightHoursInterval ?PLACE ?DAY ?INTERVAL) means that in the
&%Region ?PLACE, on the &%Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight
during the &%TimeInterval ?INTERVAL.")
(instance daylightHoursTotal TernaryPredicate)
(domain daylightHoursTotal 1 Region)
(domainSubclass daylightHoursTotal 2 Day)
(domain daylightHoursTotal 3 TimeDuration)
(documentation daylightHoursTotal EnglishLanguage
"(&%daylightHoursTotal ?PLACE ?DAY ?TIME) means that in the &%Region
?PLACE, on the &%Day indicated by ?DAY, there is daylight for a
total &%TimeDuration ?LENGTH.")
(instance cloudCoverFraction BinaryPredicate)
(domain cloudCoverFraction 1 Region)
(domain cloudCoverFraction 2 NonnegativeRealNumber)
(documentation cloudCoverFraction EnglishLanguage "(&%cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?AMOUNT)
means that in the &%Region ?AREA, the fraction ?AMOUNT of the sky is
covered with clouds.")
(subclass ClearWeather WeatherProcess)
(documentation ClearWeather EnglishLanguage "&%ClearWeather represents a condition
in which less than 30% of the sky is covered with clouds.")
(=>
(and
(instance ?AREA GeographicArea)
(instance ?WEATHER ClearWeather)
(eventLocated ?WEATHER ?AREA))
(exists (?FRACTION)
(and
(cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?FRACTION)
(lessThan ?FRACTION 0.3))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?AREA GeographicArea)
(instance ?WEATHER ClearWeather)
(eventLocated ?WEATHER ?AREA)
(cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?FRACTION))
(lessThan ?FRACTION 0.3))
(subclass PartlyCloudyWeather WeatherProcess)
(documentation PartlyCloudyWeather EnglishLanguage "&%PartlyCloudyWeather
represents a condition in which between 30% and 70% of the
sky is covered with clouds.")
(=>
(and
(instance ?AREA GeographicArea)
(instance ?WEATHER PartlyCloudyWeather)
(eventLocated ?WEATHER ?AREA))
(exists (?FRACTION)
(and
(cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?FRACTION)
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 0.3)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 0.7))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?AREA GeographicArea)
(instance ?WEATHER PartlyCloudyWeather)
(eventLocated ?WEATHER ?AREA)
(cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?FRACTION))
(and
(greaterThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 0.3)
(lessThanOrEqualTo ?FRACTION 0.7)))
(subclass OvercastWeather WeatherProcess)
(documentation OvercastWeather EnglishLanguage "&%OvercastWeather represents
a condition in which more than 70% of the sky is covered
with clouds.")
(=>
(and
(instance ?AREA GeographicArea)
(instance ?WEATHER OvercastWeather)
(eventLocated ?WEATHER ?AREA))
(exists (?FRACTION)
(and
(cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?FRACTION)
(greaterThan ?FRACTION 0.7))))
(=>
(and
(instance ?AREA GeographicArea)
(instance ?WEATHER OvercastWeather)
(eventLocated ?WEATHER ?AREA)
(cloudCoverFraction ?AREA ?FRACTION))
(greaterThan ?FRACTION 0.7))
(instance overcastDaysInPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain overcastDaysInPeriod 1 GeographicArea)
(domain overcastDaysInPeriod 2 TimeInterval)
(domain overcastDaysInPeriod 3 NonnegativeRealNumber)
(documentation overcastDaysInPeriod EnglishLanguage
"(&%overcastDaysInPeriod ?AREA ?PERIOD ?NUMBER) means that during the
time ?PERIOD, the &%GeographicArea ?AREA experienced ?NUMBER of
&%OvercastWeather days.")
;; KJN: Moving this to MILO to remove dependencies
;;(instance airTemperature BinaryPredicate)
;;(instance airTemperature AsymmetricRelation)
;;(domain airTemperature 1 Object)
;;(domain airTemperature 2 TemperatureMeasure)
;;(subrelation airTemperature measure)
;;(documentation airTemperature EnglishLanguage
;;"(&%airTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the temperature of the
;;air at ?AREA is ?TEMP. Temperature may be expressed in units of
;;&%TemperatureMeasure, including &%CelsiusDegree and &%FahrenheitDegree,
;;among others.")
(instance seaSurfaceTemperature BinaryPredicate)
(instance seaSurfaceTemperature AsymmetricRelation)
(domain seaSurfaceTemperature 1 WaterArea)
(domain seaSurfaceTemperature 2 ConstantQuantity)
(documentation seaSurfaceTemperature EnglishLanguage
"(&%seaSurfaceTemperature ?AREA ?TEMP) means that the
temperature of the sea surface at ?AREA is ?TEMP.
Temperature may be expressed in some &%UnitOfTemperature,
including &%CelsiusDegree and &%FahrenheitDegree, among others.")
(instance averageTemperatureForPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain averageTemperatureForPeriod 1 GeographicArea)
(domain averageTemperatureForPeriod 2 TimeInterval)
(domain averageTemperatureForPeriod 3 TemperatureMeasure)
(documentation averageTemperatureForPeriod EnglishLanguage
"(&%averageTemperatureForPeriod ?PLACE ?PERIOD ?AMOUNT) means that
at the &%GeographicArea ?PLACE, and during the &%TimeInterval
?PERIOD, the average daily temperature was ?AMOUNT. Temperature
may be expressed in some &%UnitOfTemperature, including
&%CelsiusDegree and &%FahrenheitDegree, among others.")
(instance highestTemperatureForPeriod TernaryPredicate)
(domain highestTemperatureForPeriod 1 GeographicArea)
(domain highestTemperatureForPeriod 2 TimeInterval)
(domain highestTemperatureForPeriod 3 TemperatureMeasure)