diff --git a/‎.changeset/20844-resolved-token-year-range.md‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/core/src/utils/filter-tokens-year-outside-range.test.ts‎
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diff --git a/‎packages/core/src/utils/filter-tokens.ts‎
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+'@objectstack/core': minor
+'@objectstack/objectql': minor
+---
+
+fix(core,objectql)!: a relative-date placeholder that resolves outside its field's years is refused `INVALID_FILTER` / 400, naming the placeholder and the year it resolved to, instead of reaching the driver and answering the wrong rows
+
+Clause-②: no (narrowing)
+
+<!-- adr-0087: not-required (no-migration-prescription) a refusal of a VALUE at the engine's filter-resolution stage: a relative-date placeholder (a date macro such as {8000_years_from_now}) whose resolved day or instant falls outside its column's years, refused INVALID_FILTER / 400 on where, a per-aggregation filter and having. No authorable key, spelling, export or stored metadata shape moves: every filter, view, dataset and query shape parses as before, the date-macro vocabulary is unchanged, and @objectstack/core and @objectstack/objectql export nothing new and nothing less (resolveFilterToken and resolveFilterTokens keep their signatures). The resolver's spelling of a day outside 0001..9999 changes, and that day was never a value any reader read as the day it names. The other categories are closed on facts: both packages publish (not unpublished); no ADR-0087 id covers a value range or a resolved value and this diff adds none (not registered / already-registered); and the change is runtime behaviour, not a declaration (not runtime-interface-only / type-surface-only). -->
+
+**BREAKING**: this narrows what the engine answers for a filter carrying a relative-date placeholder. A date macro is resolved after the temporal-comparand door, which steps around a placeholder, so the year range that door asks of a literal never saw the value one resolved to. It does now, through the same function, core's `isOutsideTemporalYearRange`, by the column's kind: a `date` takes the years 0001 to 9999 and a `datetime` 1000 to 9999. It ships as `minor` under the launch-window convention for accept-set narrowings. No export or published type changes.
+
+**What is refused now.** A date macro whose resolved value falls outside its column's years, on a declared `date` or `datetime` field (or, on a `time` field, one that resolves to an instant whose UTC year has no four-digit spelling), at `where` (on `find`, `findOne`, `count`, `aggregate`, a multi-row `update` and `delete`), at a per-aggregation `filter`, at `having` (by the aggregated column's kind), and through `judgeFilter`. On REST that is `POST /api/v1/data/:object/query` and every other door that reads through the engine. Measured before this on InMemoryDriver and SqlDriver on SQLite, over a `datetime` field with a row in 2026 and a row in 1500:
+
+- `$gt {8000_years_from_now}` answered both rows, and the right answer was none;
+- `$lt {2027_years_ago}` answered the 1500 row, because the resolver spelled year -1 as `-1-10-01` and that text was read as a day in 2001, and the right answer was none;
+- `$lt {1977_years_ago}` resolved to year 49, below the `datetime` floor of 1000, which now applies to a resolved placeholder as it does to a literal;
+- on a `time` field, `$gt {8000_years_from_now}` answered every row: the `time` rule keeps no time of day from an instant whose UTC year has no four-digit spelling, so it compared as text. Such a placeholder is refused now in the words a literal of that instant gets.
+
+**What an author sees.** The refusal names the field, the placeholder as written, its position, the value it resolved to and that value's year, in the temporal-comparand door's words for the year class: `filter on 'opened_at' compares a declared datetime field against "{8000_years_from_now}" at where.opened_at.$gt, a relative-date placeholder that resolved to "+010026-10-01" (the year 10026), an instant whose UTC year falls outside the years 1000 to 9999 …`. It ends by asking for a placeholder whose offset lands inside those years.
+
+**The resolver's spelling** (`@objectstack/core`). A date macro that lands on a day outside 0001..9999 now resolves to that day in the expanded-year form of ECMAScript's date time string format, `+010026-10-01` or `-000001-10-01` (year 0 is `0000-10-01`). It used to take the storage rule's unpadded spelling, `10026-10-01` or `-1-10-01`, which `Date.parse` reads through the host's legacy parser in the host's zone, so a day in year -1 read as one in 2001 and could not be judged. Every consumer of `resolveFilterToken` and `resolveFilterTokens` sees the new spelling for such a day only. A day inside 0001..9999 and a sub-day placeholder's instant are spelled as before.
+
+**Unchanged.** A placeholder that resolves inside its column's years answers as before; a `date` keeps the years 0001 to 0999, which a `datetime` refuses, and a `time` field reads the time of day of any instant with a four-digit year, year 0 included. A placeholder on a column with no temporal kind (text, number) and a context placeholder such as `{current_user_id}` are not judged by this range. Every literal comparand answers as before.
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 ObjectStack. Licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.
+//
+// [#20844] A date macro that lands outside the years 0001..9999 resolves to a
+// day spelled in the expanded-year form (`+010026-09-30`, `-000001-09-30`),
+// so core's one range reads the year it resolved to, on every host. Before,
+// it took the storage rule's unpadded spelling (`10026-09-30`, `-1-09-30`),
+// which `Date.parse` reads through the host's legacy parser, in the host's
+// zone: `-1-09-30` read as a day in 2001, so `isOutsideTemporalYearRange`
+// judged `{2027_years_ago}` inside the range, for both kinds.
+//
+// Pins: both sides of 0001..9999, year 0, the edges inside, a 2026 control and
+// a sub-day instant (spelled by `toISOString` already), in UTC and in
+// Asia/Shanghai. The engine refuses each one outside its field's years;
+// objectql's `engine-resolved-token-year-range.test.ts` pins that half.
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterAll } from 'vitest';
+import { resolveFilterToken, resolveFilterTokens } from './filter-tokens.js';
+import { isOutsideTemporalYearRange } from './temporal-storage-form.js';
+
+// Wed 2026-09-30 12:00 UTC: the same calendar day in UTC and in Asia/Shanghai.
+const NOW = new Date('2026-09-30T12:00:00.000Z');
+
+const at = (token: string, timezone?: string) => resolveFilterToken(token, { now: NOW, timezone });
+
+/** The UTC year `Date.parse` reads a resolved value as. */
+const parsedYear = (value: unknown) => new Date(Date.parse(String(value))).getUTCFullYear();
+
+const HOSTS = ['UTC', 'Asia/Shanghai'] as const;
+const originalTz = process.env.TZ;
+afterAll(() => {
+  if (originalTz === undefined) delete process.env.TZ;
+  else process.env.TZ = originalTz;
+});
+
+describe.each(HOSTS)('on a %s host', (host) => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    process.env.TZ = host;
+    expect(Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone).toBe(host);
+  });
+
+  describe('[#20844] a day outside 0001..9999 is spelled so the range reads the year it resolved to', () => {
+    it.each([
+      ['8000_years_from_now', '+010026-09-30', 10026],
+      ['7974_years_from_now', '+010000-09-30', 10000],
+      ['2027_years_ago', '-000001-09-30', -1],
+      ['2026_years_ago', '0000-09-30', 0],
+      ['100000_months_from_now', '+010360-01-30', 10360],
+    ])('{%s} is %s, year %i, outside both kinds\' years', (token, expected, year) => {
+      for (const tz of [undefined, 'UTC', 'Asia/Shanghai']) {
+        const day = at(token, tz);
+        expect(day, `${token} in ${tz ?? 'the default zone'}`).toBe(expected);
+        expect(parsedYear(day)).toBe(year);
+        expect(isOutsideTemporalYearRange(day, 'date')).toBe(true);
+        expect(isOutsideTemporalYearRange(day, 'datetime')).toBe(true);
+      }
+    });
+
+    it.each([
+      ['7973_years_from_now', '9999-09-30', false],
+      ['2025_years_ago', '0001-09-30', true],
+      ['1026_years_ago', '1000-09-30', false],
+      ['1027_years_ago', '0999-09-30', true],
+      ['1_year_ago', '2025-09-30', false],
+    ])('{%s} is %s: inside a date\'s years, and outside a datetime\'s: %s', (token, expected, outsideDatetime) => {
+      const day = at(token);
+      expect(day).toBe(expected);
+      expect(isOutsideTemporalYearRange(day, 'date')).toBe(false);
+      expect(isOutsideTemporalYearRange(day, 'datetime')).toBe(outsideDatetime);
+    });
+
+    it('a sub-day placeholder past 9999 keeps the instant toISOString spells', () => {
+      const instant = at('80000000_hours_from_now');
+      expect(instant).toBe(new Date(NOW.getTime() + 80_000_000 * 3_600_000).toISOString());
+      expect(String(instant).startsWith('+011153-')).toBe(true);
+      expect(isOutsideTemporalYearRange(instant, 'datetime')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('resolveFilterTokens carries the same spelling into a filter tree', () => {
+      expect(resolveFilterTokens({ opened_at: { $lt: '{2027_years_ago}' } }, { now: NOW })).toEqual({
+        opened_at: { $lt: '-000001-09-30' },
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@
  * a driver-native value here would fork that convention into a second source of
  * truth and break the moment a query crosses datasources.
  *
+ * [#20844] A day outside the years 0001..9999 has no `YYYY-MM-DD` form; it is
+ * spelled in the expanded-year form instead (`+010026-10-01`), so every reader
+ * reads the year it resolved to — see {@link asYmd}. Which years a field takes
+ * is the engine's question, not this module's: it refuses a resolved token
+ * outside its field's years.
+ *
  * # Period `_end` resolves to a calendar DAY — its WIDTH is ADR-0053 D-D
  *
  * `{current_year_end}` resolves to `2026-12-31`, per the spec's own
@@ -92,7 +98,7 @@ import {
   type DateMacroUnit,
 } from '@objectstack/spec/data';
 import { calendarPartsInTzOrUtc, wallClockToUtcMs } from './datetime.js';
-import { temporalStorageForm } from './temporal-storage-form.js';
+import { isOutsideTemporalYearRange, temporalStorageForm } from './temporal-storage-form.js';
 
 /**
  * The slice of an execution context the resolver reads. Structural on purpose —
@@ -202,8 +208,25 @@ function proxyDay(now: Date, timezone?: string): Date {
  * day). [#20599] Before the proxy dates kept their year, a step into
  * 0001..0099 came out in the 1900s instead, so this spelling was never reached
  * for those years; a step into 0100..0999 was already spelled unpadded.
+ *
+ * [#20844] A day outside 0001..9999 has no `YYYY-MM-DD` form, and the storage
+ * rule's spelling of one (`10026-10-01`, `0-10-01`, `-1-10-01`) is read by
+ * nothing as the day it names: `Date.parse` takes it through the host's
+ * legacy parser, in the host's zone, and reads `-1-10-01` as 2001-01-10. So
+ * `{2027_years_ago}` was judged inside the range by core's
+ * `isOutsideTemporalYearRange` and compared as a day in 2001. Such a day is
+ * spelled in the expanded-year form of ECMAScript's date time string format
+ * instead (`+010026-10-01`, `-000001-10-01`), the day half of what
+ * `toISOString` spells for its instant: every reader reads it as that UTC day,
+ * on every host. The range is core's one range, asked of the day itself, never
+ * re-derived here. A step past the instants a `Date` holds is not one of these:
+ * it has no day at all, and keeps the rule's spelling of an invalid `Date`.
  */
-const asYmd = (d: Date): string => String(temporalStorageForm(d, 'date'));
+function asYmd(d: Date): string {
+  if (!isOutsideTemporalYearRange(d, 'date')) return String(temporalStorageForm(d, 'date'));
+  const iso = d.toISOString();
+  return iso.slice(0, iso.indexOf('T'));
+}
 
 type PeriodKind = 'week' | 'month' | 'quarter' | 'year';