diff --git a/lua/vfiler.lua b/lua/vfiler.lua
index fa51b58..b67153d 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 local config = require('vfiler/config')
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+local event = require('vfiler/event')
 local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
 
 local VFiler = require('vfiler/vfiler')
@@ -68,7 +69,9 @@ function M.start(dirpath, configs)
   local merged_configs = core.table.copy(config.configs)
   core.table.merge(merged_configs, configs or {})
 
+  -- Preparation before starting
   VFiler.cleanup()
+  event.start()
 
   -- Correction of option values
   local options = merged_configs.options
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/action.lua b/lua/vfiler/action.lua
index ab749e1..b69b3ea 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/action.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/action.lua
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ local action_modules = {
   'yank',
 }
 
+-- Load each action APIs.
 local M = setmetatable({}, {
   __index = function(t, key)
     for _, name in ipairs(action_modules) do
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/bookmark.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/bookmark.lua
index ad4a6a5..49e6561 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/bookmark.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/bookmark.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 
 local M = {}
 
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ function M.list_bookmark(vfiler, context, view)
   local Bookmark = require('vfiler/extensions/bookmark')
   local bookmark = Bookmark.new(vfiler, {
     on_selected = function(filer, c, v, path, open_type)
-      api.open_file(filer, c, v, path, open_type)
+      utils.open_file(filer, c, v, path, open_type)
     end,
   })
-  api.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, bookmark)
+  utils.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, bookmark)
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/buffer.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/buffer.lua
index af8a452..f8b7f71 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/buffer.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/buffer.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
 
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ local M = {}
 
 function M.quit(vfiler, context, view)
   if context.options.quit then
-    api.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+    utils.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
     vfiler:quit()
   end
 end
 
 function M.quit_force(vfiler, context, view)
-  api.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+  utils.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
   vfiler:quit()
 end
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ function M.switch_to_filer(vfiler, context, view)
   end
 
   -- close preview window
-  api.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+  utils.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
 
   local linked = context.linked
   -- already linked
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ function M.switch_to_filer(vfiler, context, view)
     else
       linked:open('right')
     end
-    linked:do_action(api.open_preview)
+    linked:do_action(utils.open_preview)
     return
   end
 
@@ -65,12 +65,8 @@ function M.switch_to_filer(vfiler, context, view)
   newfiler:start(context.root.path)
   core.cursor.move(lnum)
 
-  -- redraw current
-  vfiler:focus()
   view:draw(context)
-
-  newfiler:focus() -- return other filer
-  newfiler:do_action(api.open_preview)
+  newfiler:do_action(utils.open_preview)
 end
 
 function M.sync_with_current_filer(vfiler, context, view)
@@ -78,11 +74,8 @@ function M.sync_with_current_filer(vfiler, context, view)
   if not (linked and linked:visible()) then
     return
   end
-
-  linked:focus()
   linked:update(context)
-  linked:do_action(api.cd, context.root.path)
-  vfiler:focus() -- return current window
+  linked:do_action(utils.cd, context.root.path)
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/directory.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/directory.lua
index 0f35922..2a901e9 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/directory.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/directory.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 local cmdline = require('vfiler/libs/cmdline')
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ end
 
 function M.change_to_parent(vfiler, context, view)
   local current_path = context.root.path
-  api.cd(vfiler, context, view, context:parent_path())
+  utils.cd(vfiler, context, view, context:parent_path())
   view:move_cursor(current_path)
 end
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ function M.jump_to_directory(vfiler, context, view)
     core.message.error('Not exists the "%s" path.', dirpath)
     return
   end
-  api.cd(vfiler, context, view, dirpath)
+  utils.cd(vfiler, context, view, dirpath)
 end
 
 function M.jump_to_history_directory(vfiler, context, view)
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ function M.jump_to_history_directory(vfiler, context, view)
     initial_items = history,
 
     on_selected = function(filer, ctx, v, path)
-      api.cd(filer, ctx, v, path)
+      utils.cd(filer, ctx, v, path)
     end,
   })
-  api.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, menu)
+  utils.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, menu)
 end
 
 function M.jump_to_home(vfiler, context, view)
   local dirpath = vim.fn.expand('~')
-  api.cd(vfiler, context, view, dirpath)
+  utils.cd(vfiler, context, view, dirpath)
 end
 
 function M.jump_to_root(vfiler, context, view)
   local dirpath = core.path.root(context.root.path)
-  api.cd(vfiler, context, view, dirpath)
+  utils.cd(vfiler, context, view, dirpath)
 end
 
 function M.close_tree(vfiler, context, view)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ function M.close_tree_or_cd(vfiler, context, view)
   local level = item and item.level or 0
   if level == 0 or (level <= 1 and not item.opened) then
     local path = context.root.path
-    api.cd(vfiler, context, view, context:parent_path())
+    utils.cd(vfiler, context, view, context:parent_path())
     view:move_cursor(path)
   else
     M.close_tree(vfiler, context, view)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ function M.switch_to_drive(vfiler, context, view)
       v:move_cursor(focus_path)
     end,
   })
-  api.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, menu)
+  utils.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, menu)
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/event.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/event.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 5817209..0000000
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/event.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
-local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
-local buffer = require('vfiler/actions/buffer')
-
-local M = {}
-
-local event_lock = setmetatable({
-  _bufnrs = {},
-}, {})
-
-function event_lock:lock(bufnr)
-  if self._bufnrs[bufnr] then
-    return true
-  end
-  self._bufnrs[bufnr] = true
-end
-
-function event_lock:unlock(bufnr)
-  self._bufnrs[bufnr] = nil
-end
-
-function M.latest_update(vfiler, context, view)
-  local bufnr = view:bufnr()
-  if event_lock:lock(bufnr) then
-    return
-  end
-
-  core.try({
-    function()
-      local root = context.root
-      if vim.fn.getftime(root.path) > root.time then
-        vfiler:do_action(buffer.reload)
-        return
-      end
-
-      for item in view:walk_items() do
-        if item.type == 'directory' then
-          if vim.fn.getftime(item.path) > item.time then
-            vfiler:do_action(buffer.reload)
-            return
-          end
-        end
-      end
-    end,
-    finally = function()
-      event_lock:unlock(bufnr)
-    end,
-  })
-end
-
-function M.leave(vfiler, context, view)
-  -- For floating windows, close the window,
-  -- including the buffer, as this will lead to problems.
-  if view:type() == 'floating' then
-    vfiler:wipeout()
-  end
-end
-
-return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/file_operation.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/file_operation.lua
index 668dfd7..0000644 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/file_operation.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/file_operation.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 local buffer = require('vfiler/actions/buffer')
 local clipboard = require('vfiler/clipboard')
 local cmdline = require('vfiler/libs/cmdline')
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ local function rename_files(vfiler, context, view, targets)
       end
     end,
   })
-  api.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, rename)
+  utils.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, rename)
 end
 
 local function rename_one_file(vfiler, context, view, target)
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/open.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/open.lua
index a12d44e..3190fd4 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/open.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/open.lua
@@ -1,39 +1,39 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 
 local M = {}
 
 function M.open(vfiler, context, view)
   local path = view:get_item().path
-  api.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path)
+  utils.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path)
 end
 
 function M.open_by_choose(vfiler, context, view)
   local path = view:get_item().path
-  api.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'choose')
+  utils.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'choose')
 end
 
 function M.open_by_choose_or_cd(vfiler, context, view)
   local item = view:get_item()
   if item.type == 'directory' then
-    api.cd(vfiler, context, view, item.path)
+    utils.cd(vfiler, context, view, item.path)
   else
-    api.open_file(vfiler, context, view, item.path, 'choose')
+    utils.open_file(vfiler, context, view, item.path, 'choose')
   end
 end
 
 function M.open_by_split(vfiler, context, view)
   local path = view:get_item().path
-  api.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'bottom')
+  utils.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'bottom')
 end
 
 function M.open_by_tabpage(vfiler, context, view)
   local path = view:get_item().path
-  api.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'tab')
+  utils.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'tab')
 end
 
 function M.open_by_vsplit(vfiler, context, view)
   local path = view:get_item().path
-  api.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'right')
+  utils.open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, 'right')
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/preview.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/preview.lua
index 26e0d87..7249c2a 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/preview.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/preview.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
 
 local Preview = require('vfiler/preview')
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ local Preview = require('vfiler/preview')
 local M = {}
 
 function M.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
-  api.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+  utils.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
 end
 
 function M.preview_cursor_moved(vfiler, context, view)
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ function M.preview_cursor_moved(vfiler, context, view)
   local line = vim.fn.line('.')
   if preview.line ~= line then
     if in_preview.once then
-      api.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+      utils.close_preview(vfiler, context, view)
     else
-      api.open_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+      utils.open_preview(vfiler, context, view)
     end
     preview.line = line
   end
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ function M.toggle_auto_preview(vfiler, context, view)
     in_preview.preview = Preview.new(context.options.preview)
   end
   in_preview.once = false
-  api.open_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+  utils.open_preview(vfiler, context, view)
 end
 
 function M.toggle_preview(vfiler, context, view)
   local in_preview = context.in_preview
-  if api.close_preview(vfiler, context, view) then
+  if utils.close_preview(vfiler, context, view) then
     in_preview.preview = nil
     return
   end
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ function M.toggle_preview(vfiler, context, view)
     in_preview.preview = Preview.new(context.options.preview)
     in_preview.once = true
   end
-  api.open_preview(vfiler, context, view)
+  utils.open_preview(vfiler, context, view)
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/api.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/utilities.lua
similarity index 99%
rename from lua/vfiler/actions/api.lua
rename to lua/vfiler/actions/utilities.lua
index 0a35a62..d7dc5e3 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/api.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/utilities.lua
@@ -122,9 +122,7 @@ local function open_file(vfiler, context, view, path, layout)
   local dest_winid = vim.fn.win_getid()
   --if layout ~= 'tab' and dest_winid ~= view:winid() then
   if dest_winid ~= view:winid() then
-    vfiler:focus()
     view:redraw()
-    core.window.move(dest_winid)
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/actions/view.lua b/lua/vfiler/actions/view.lua
index bf0feae..38e130d 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/actions/view.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/actions/view.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local api = require('vfiler/actions/api')
+local utils = require('vfiler/actions/utilities')
 local sort = require('vfiler/sort')
 
 local M = {}
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ function M.change_sort(vfiler, context, view)
       v:move_cursor(item.path)
     end,
   })
-  api.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, menu)
+  utils.start_extension(vfiler, context, view, menu)
 end
 
 function M.toggle_show_hidden(vfiler, context, view)
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/config.lua b/lua/vfiler/config.lua
index 805c012..eeb5875 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/config.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/config.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 local action = require('vfiler/action')
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
-local event = require('vfiler/actions/event')
 local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
 
 local M = {}
@@ -95,14 +94,20 @@ M.configs = {
   },
 
   events = {
-    vfiler = {
+    vfiler_buffer = {
       {
         event = { 'BufEnter', 'FocusGained', 'VimResized' },
         action = action.reload_all,
       },
       {
         event = { 'BufLeave', 'TabLeave' },
-        action = event.leave,
+        action = function(vfiler, context, view)
+          -- For floating windows, close the window,
+          -- including the buffer, as this will lead to problems.
+          if view:type() == 'floating' then
+            vfiler:wipeout()
+          end
+        end,
       },
     },
 
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/event.lua b/lua/vfiler/event.lua
index d0921ee..73763d0 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/event.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/event.lua
@@ -1,102 +1,21 @@
-local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
-local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
+local config = require('vfiler/events/config')
+local event = require('vfiler/events/event')
 
-local registered_events = {}
+local M = {}
 
-local Event = {}
-Event.__index = Event
-
-function Event.new(config)
-  local self = setmetatable({
-    _bufnr = config.bufnr,
-    _callback = config.callback,
-    _args = config.args,
-    _event_actions = {},
-  }, Event)
-  self:_register(config.events)
-  return self
-end
-
-function Event._handle(bufnr, group, event)
-  local e = registered_events[bufnr]
-  if not e then
-    return
-  end
-  e:handle(group, event)
-end
-
-function Event:handle(group, event)
-  local events = self._event_actions[group]
-  if not events then
-    core.message.error('Event group "%s" is not registered.', group)
-    return
-  end
-
-  local actions = events[event]
-  if not actions then
-    core.message.error('Event "%s" is not registered.', event)
-    return
-  end
-
-  for _, action in ipairs(actions) do
-    self._callback(action, self._args)
-  end
+function M.setup(configs)
+  config.setup(configs)
 end
 
-function Event:unregister()
-  local bufnr = self._bufnr
-  if bufnr <= 0 then
+function M.start()
+  local configs = config.configs
+  if not configs.enabled then
+    event.clear(0)
     return
   end
-
-  for group, _ in pairs(self._event_actions) do
-    core.autocmd.delete_group(group)
-  end
-
-  if registered_events[bufnr] then
-    registered_events[bufnr] = nil
-  end
-  self._bufnr = -1
-end
-
-function Event:_register(events)
-  for group, eventlist in pairs(events) do
-    local commands = { core.autocmd.start_group(group) }
-    local actions = {}
-    local function register(event, action)
-      if not actions[event] then
-        actions[event] = {}
-      end
-      table.insert(actions[event], action)
-
-      local cmd = (':lua require("vfiler/event")._handle(%d, "%s", "%s")'):format(
-        self._bufnr,
-        group,
-        event
-      )
-      table.insert(commands, core.autocmd.create(event, cmd, { buffer = 0 }))
-    end
-
-    for i, event in ipairs(eventlist) do
-      if type(event.event) == 'string' then
-        register(event.event, event.action)
-      elseif type(event.event) == 'table' then
-        for _, e in ipairs(event.event) do
-          register(e, event.action)
-        end
-      else
-        core.message.error(
-          'Invalid event has been set for group "%s". (%d)',
-          group,
-          i
-        )
-      end
-    end
-    self._event_actions[group] = actions
-    table.insert(commands, core.autocmd.end_group())
-    vim.commands(commands)
+  for group, events in pairs(configs.events) do
+    event.register(group, events, 0)
   end
-  registered_events[self._bufnr] = self
 end
 
-return Event
+return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/events/config.lua b/lua/vfiler/events/config.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27c5d02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lua/vfiler/events/config.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+
+local M = {}
+
+-- TODO:
+-- Update the file action.
+--local function action_update_file(vfiler, context, view, path)
+--  local lnum = view:lineof(path)
+--  if lnum == 0 then
+--    return
+--  end
+--  local item = view:get_item(lnum)
+--  context:reload_item(item)
+--  view:redraw_line(lnum)
+--  -- NOTE: Reload the parent directory as git status is updated.
+--  local parent = item.parent
+--  while parent ~= nil do
+--    lnum = view:lineof(parent.path)
+--    if lnum > 0 then
+--      view:redraw_line(lnum)
+--    end
+--    parent = parent.parent
+--  end
+--end
+
+-- TODO:
+-- Update the file.
+--local function update_file(bufnr, group, event)
+--  local vfilers = VFiler.get_visible_in_tabpage(0)
+--  if #vfilers == 0 then
+--    return
+--  end
+--  local path = core.path.normalize(vim.fn.bufname(bufnr))
+--  for _, vfiler in ipairs(vfilers) do
+--    vfiler:do_action(action_update_file, path)
+--  end
+--end
+
+-- Default configs
+M.configs = {
+  enabled = true,
+  events = {
+    -- TODO:
+    --vfiler = {
+    --  {
+    --    event = { 'BufWritePost' },
+    --    callback = update_file,
+    --  },
+    --},
+  },
+}
+
+--- Setup vfiler global events.
+---@param configs table
+function M.setup(configs)
+  core.table.merge(M.configs, configs)
+  return M.configs
+end
+
+return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/events/event.lua b/lua/vfiler/events/event.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d8390c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lua/vfiler/events/event.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
+
+local registered_events = {}
+
+local function get_group_name(group, bufnr)
+  return (bufnr > 0) and (group .. '_' .. bufnr) or group
+end
+
+local M = {}
+
+function M._handle(bufnr, group, event)
+  local registered = registered_events[bufnr]
+  if not registered then
+    return
+  end
+  local events = registered[group]
+  if not events then
+    return
+  end
+  local callbacks = events[event]
+  if not callbacks then
+    return
+  end
+  if bufnr == 0 then
+    -- NOTE: Convert to integer type.
+    bufnr = vim.fn.expand('<abuf>') + 0
+  end
+  for _, callback in ipairs(callbacks) do
+    callback(bufnr, group, event)
+  end
+end
+
+function M.register(group, events, bufnr)
+  bufnr = bufnr or 0
+  local group_name = get_group_name(group, bufnr)
+
+  -- Delete previously registered events, and re-register.
+  core.autocmd.delete_group(group_name)
+
+  local commands = { core.autocmd.start_group(group_name) }
+  local this_module = 'require("vfiler/events/event")'
+  local callbacks = {}
+  local options = {}
+  if bufnr > 0 then
+    options.buffer = bufnr
+  end
+
+  local function register(event, callback)
+    if not callbacks[event] then
+      callbacks[event] = {}
+    end
+    table.insert(callbacks[event], callback)
+
+    local method = ('_handle(%d, "%s", "%s")'):format(bufnr, group, event)
+    local cmd = (':lua %s.%s'):format(this_module, method)
+    table.insert(commands, core.autocmd.create(event, cmd, options))
+  end
+
+  if not registered_events[bufnr] then
+    registered_events[bufnr] = {}
+  end
+  local registered = registered_events[bufnr]
+
+  for _, event in ipairs(events) do
+    local type = type(event.event)
+    if type == 'string' then
+      register(event.event, event.callback)
+    elseif type == 'table' then
+      for _, e in ipairs(event.event) do
+        register(e, event.callback)
+      end
+    else
+      core.message.error('Invalid event for group "%s".', group)
+    end
+  end
+  registered[group] = callbacks
+  table.insert(commands, core.autocmd.end_group())
+  vim.commands(commands)
+end
+
+function M.unregister(group, bufnr)
+  bufnr = bufnr or 0
+  local group_name = get_group_name(group, bufnr)
+  core.autocmd.delete_group(group_name)
+  local registered = registered_events[bufnr]
+  if registered then
+    registered[group] = nil
+  end
+end
+
+function M.clear(bufnr)
+  local registered = registered_events[bufnr]
+  if not registered then
+    return
+  end
+  for group, _ in pairs(registered) do
+    core.autocmd.delete_group(get_group_name(group, bufnr))
+  end
+  registered_events[bufnr] = nil
+end
+
+return M
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/extensions/extension.lua b/lua/vfiler/extensions/extension.lua
index 656fab3..f58ea05 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/extensions/extension.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/extensions/extension.lua
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 local cmdline = require('vfiler/libs/cmdline')
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+local event = require('vfiler/events/event')
 local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
 
-local Event = require('vfiler/event')
-
 local extensions = {}
 
 local Extension = {}
@@ -273,14 +272,18 @@ function Extension:start()
   self._mappings = define(configs.mappings)
 
   -- register events
-  self._event = Event.new({
-    events = configs.events,
-    bufnr = self._buffer.number,
-    args = self,
-    callback = function(action, args)
-      args:do_action(action)
-    end,
-  })
+  for group, elist in pairs(configs.events) do
+    local events = {}
+    for _, e in ipairs(elist) do
+      table.insert(events, {
+        event = e.event,
+        callback = function(_, _, _)
+          self:do_action(e.action)
+        end,
+      })
+    end
+    event.register(group, events, self._buffer.number)
+  end
 
   -- draw line texts and syntax
   self:_on_draw(self._buffer, lines)
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/items/directory.lua b/lua/vfiler/items/directory.lua
index 72d947d..efce3d3 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/items/directory.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/items/directory.lua
@@ -98,16 +98,6 @@ function Directory:open(recursive)
   self.opened = true
 end
 
-function Directory:update()
-  local stat = fs.stat(self.path)
-  if not stat then
-    return
-  end
-  self.size = stat.size
-  self.time = stat.time
-  self.mode = stat.mode
-end
-
 function Directory:_add(item)
   item.parent = self
   item.level = self.level + 1
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/items/file.lua b/lua/vfiler/items/file.lua
index daafc73..7ac1f9a 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/items/file.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/items/file.lua
@@ -30,4 +30,8 @@ function File:move(destpath)
   return nil
 end
 
+function File:reload()
+  self:_set_stat(fs.stat(self.path))
+end
+
 return File
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/items/item.lua b/lua/vfiler/items/item.lua
index 3dd2e66..0b45d9b 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/items/item.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/items/item.lua
@@ -5,19 +5,13 @@ local Item = {}
 Item.__index = Item
 
 function Item.new(stat)
-  return setmetatable({
+  local self = setmetatable({
     gitstatus = nil,
     level = 0,
-    name = stat.name,
     parent = nil,
-    path = stat.path,
     selected = false,
-    size = stat.size,
-    time = stat.time,
-    type = stat.type,
-    mode = stat.mode,
-    link = stat.link,
   }, Item)
+  return self:_set_stat(stat)
 end
 
 function Item:delete()
@@ -40,6 +34,14 @@ function Item:rename(name)
   return true
 end
 
+function Item:update()
+  local stat = fs.stat(self.path)
+  if not stat then
+    return
+  end
+  self:_set_stat(stat)
+end
+
 --- Remove from parent tree
 function Item:_become_orphan()
   if not self.parent then
@@ -66,4 +68,15 @@ function Item:_move(destpath)
   return true
 end
 
+function Item:_set_stat(stat)
+  self.name = stat.name
+  self.path = stat.path
+  self.size = stat.size
+  self.time = stat.time
+  self.type = stat.type
+  self.mode = stat.mode
+  self.link = stat.link
+  return self
+end
+
 return Item
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/libs/core.lua b/lua/vfiler/libs/core.lua
index 0b2c13a..1c9369a 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/libs/core.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/libs/core.lua
@@ -361,9 +361,12 @@ function M.autocmd.create(event, cmd, options)
         table.insert(commands, '<buffer=abuf>')
       else
         M.message.error('Unknown "buffer" option.')
+        return nil
       end
     elseif options.pattern then
       table.insert(commands, options.pattern)
+    else
+      table.insert(commands, '*')
     end
 
     if options.once then
@@ -372,6 +375,8 @@ function M.autocmd.create(event, cmd, options)
     if options.nested then
       table.insert(commands, '++nested')
     end
+  else
+    table.insert(commands, '*')
   end
 
   table.insert(commands, cmd)
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/libs/timer.lua b/lua/vfiler/libs/timer.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a93544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lua/vfiler/libs/timer.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
+
+local Timer = {}
+Timer.__index = Timer
+
+local function create_result_data(laptimes)
+  if #laptimes == 0 then
+    return {}
+  end
+  -- Create result data
+  local lap = laptimes[1]
+  local times = {
+    {
+      mark = lap.mark,
+      time = lap.time,
+      total = lap.time,
+    },
+  }
+  local prev = lap
+  for i = 2, #laptimes do
+    lap = laptimes[i]
+    table.insert(times, {
+      mark = lap.mark,
+      time = lap.time - prev.time,
+      total = lap.time,
+    })
+    prev = lap
+  end
+  return times
+end
+
+function Timer.start(name)
+  return setmetatable({
+    _name = name,
+    _laptimes = {},
+    _start = vim.fn.reltime(),
+  }, Timer)
+end
+
+function Timer:lap(mark)
+  local time = vim.fn.reltimefloat(vim.fn.reltime(self._start))
+  table.insert(self._laptimes, {
+    mark = mark,
+    time = time,
+  })
+  return time
+end
+
+function Timer:print()
+  local times = create_result_data(self._laptimes)
+
+  -- Print result data
+  print('---', self._name, '---')
+  print('No\tMark\tTime(s)\tTotal')
+  for i, time in ipairs(times) do
+    local result = ('%d\t%s\t%.6f\t%.6f'):format(
+      i,
+      time.mark,
+      time.time,
+      time.total
+    )
+    print(result)
+  end
+end
+
+function Timer:write(path)
+  local times = create_result_data(self._laptimes)
+  local file, error = io.open(path, 'w')
+  if not file then
+    print(error)
+    return
+  end
+  file:write('No,Mark,Time(s),Total\n')
+  for i, time in ipairs(times) do
+    file:write(
+      ('%d,%s,%.6f,%.6f\n'):format(i, time.mark, time.time, time.total)
+    )
+  end
+  file:close()
+end
+
+return Timer
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/vfiler.lua b/lua/vfiler/vfiler.lua
index b6960f2..b095401 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/vfiler.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/vfiler.lua
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+local event = require('vfiler/events/event')
 local status = require('vfiler/status')
 local vim = require('vfiler/libs/vim')
 
-local Event = require('vfiler/event')
-
 local vfiler_objects = {}
 
 local VFiler = {}
@@ -117,10 +116,8 @@ function VFiler.foreach(action, ...)
     return
   end
   for _, filer in ipairs(VFiler.get_visible()) do
-    filer:focus()
     filer:do_action(action, ...)
   end
-  current:focus()
 end
 
 --- Get the filer from the buffer number
@@ -164,7 +161,7 @@ function VFiler.get_visible_in_tabpage(tabpage)
   return visibilities
 end
 
---- Create a filer obuject
+--- Create a filer object
 ---@param context table
 function VFiler.new(context)
   -- create buffer
@@ -178,7 +175,6 @@ function VFiler.new(context)
     _context = context,
     _view = View.new(context.options),
     _mappings = nil,
-    _event = nil,
   }, VFiler)
 
   -- add vfiler resource
@@ -319,7 +315,7 @@ end
 
 --- Is the filer visible?
 function VFiler:visible()
-  return self._view:winnr() >= 0
+  return self._view:winid() > 0
 end
 
 --- Wipeout filer
@@ -330,6 +326,7 @@ function VFiler:wipeout()
   if bufnr <= 0 then
     return
   end
+  self:_unregister_events()
   self._buffer:wipeout()
   vfiler_objects[bufnr] = nil
 end
@@ -342,14 +339,24 @@ function VFiler:_define_mappings()
 end
 
 function VFiler:_register_events()
-  self._event = Event.new({
-    events = self._context.events,
-    bufnr = self._buffer.number,
-    args = self,
-    callback = function(action, args)
-      args:do_action(action)
-    end,
-  })
+  for group, elist in pairs(self._context.events) do
+    local events = {}
+    for _, e in ipairs(elist) do
+      table.insert(events, {
+        event = e.event,
+        callback = function(_, _, _)
+          self:do_action(e.action)
+        end,
+      })
+    end
+    event.register(group, events, self._buffer.number)
+  end
+end
+
+function VFiler:_unregister_events()
+  for group, _ in pairs(self._context.events) do
+    event._unregister_events(group, self._buffer.number)
+  end
 end
 
 return VFiler
diff --git a/lua/vfiler/view.lua b/lua/vfiler/view.lua
index d110357..af5a5d1 100644
--- a/lua/vfiler/view.lua
+++ b/lua/vfiler/view.lua
@@ -230,6 +230,16 @@ function View:has_column(name)
   return self._columns.table[name] ~= nil
 end
 
+--- Find the item of the item in the view buffer for the specified path
+---@param path string
+function View:itemof(path)
+  local index = self:indexof(path)
+  if index == 0 then
+    return nil
+  end
+  return self._items.list[index]
+end
+
 --- Find the index of the item in the view buffer for the specified path
 ---@param path string
 function View:indexof(path)
@@ -240,6 +250,16 @@ function View:indexof(path)
   return item.index
 end
 
+--- Find the line of the item in the view buffer for the specified path
+---@param path string
+function View:lineof(path)
+  local index = self:indexof(path)
+  if index == 0 then
+    return 0
+  end
+  return index + (self:top_lnum() - 1)
+end
+
 --- Get the index of the first sibling item
 function View:indexof_first_sibling(lnum)
   local level = self._items.lnum_indexes[lnum].level
@@ -321,20 +341,21 @@ end
 --- Redraw the current contents
 function View:redraw()
   local buffer = self._buffer
-  if not buffer or (buffer.number ~= vim.fn.bufnr()) then
-    -- for debug
-    --core.message.warning(
-    --  'Cannot draw because the buffer is different. (%d != %d)',
-    --  buffer.number,
-    --  vim.fn.bufnr()
-    --)
-    return
-  end
+  -- NOTE: for debugging.
+  --if not buffer or (buffer.number ~= vim.fn.bufnr()) then
+  --  core.message.warning(
+  --    'Cannot draw because the buffer is different. (%d != %d)',
+  --    buffer.number,
+  --    vim.fn.bufnr()
+  --  )
+  --  return
+  --end
 
   local cache = self._cache
   local winid = self:winid()
   if winid < 0 then
-    core.message.warning('The buffer is invisible and cannot be drawn.')
+    -- NOTE: for debugging.
+    --core.message.warning('The buffer is invisible and cannot be drawn.')
     return
   elseif cache.winid ~= winid then
     -- set window options
@@ -483,11 +504,6 @@ function View:width()
   return self._cache.win_width
 end
 
---- Get the window number of the view
-function View:winnr()
-  return vim.fn.bufwinnr(self._buffer.number)
-end
-
 --- Get the window ID of the view
 function View:winid()
   if not self._window then
diff --git a/tests/init.vim b/tests/init.vim
index 27d5090..ee7836a 100644
--- a/tests/init.vim
+++ b/tests/init.vim
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-set rtp+=.
+set rtp+=./
 set rtp+=../plenary.nvim/
 
 set shellslash
diff --git a/tests/utility.lua b/tests/utilities.lua
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/utility.lua
rename to tests/utilities.lua
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/buffer_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/buffer_spec.lua
index bf11ef3..0dcdd53 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/buffer_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/buffer_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/buffer')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 local VFiler = require('vfiler/vfiler')
 
 local configs = {
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/cursor_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/cursor_spec.lua
index b8638ca..e61164f 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/cursor_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/cursor_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/cursor')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 describe('cursor actions', function()
   local vfiler = u.vfiler.start(u.vfiler.generate_options())
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/close_tree_or_cd_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/close_tree_or_cd_spec.lua
index ab165c7..3c463ee 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/close_tree_or_cd_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/close_tree_or_cd_spec.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/directory')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_and_close_tree_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_and_close_tree_spec.lua
index fe03c7b..31ae83f 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_and_close_tree_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_and_close_tree_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/directory')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_tree_recursive_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_tree_recursive_spec.lua
index 189639f..dfe24d3 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_tree_recursive_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/directory/open_tree_recursive_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/directory')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_choose_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_choose_spec.lua
index 1c1c85c..819e28d 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_choose_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_choose_spec.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/open')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_split_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_split_spec.lua
index 66ef363..db0f33a 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_split_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_split_spec.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/open')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_tabpage_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_tabpage_spec.lua
index 9d0e7fb..5a8a5ba 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_tabpage_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_tabpage_spec.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/open')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_vsplit_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_vsplit_spec.lua
index a87c94c..32d84c0 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_vsplit_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_by_vsplit_spec.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/open')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_spec.lua
index 76ddc27..94383ee 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/open/open_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/open')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local configs = {
   options = u.vfiler.generate_options(),
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/select_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/select_spec.lua
index 7b6c96d..5085d8e 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/select_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/select_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/select')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 describe('select actions', function()
   u.randomseed()
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/view_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/view_spec.lua
index 7c6a8b5..8d6a82b 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/view_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/view_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/view')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 local function find(view, target)
   for item in view:walk_items() do
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ describe('view actions', function()
     it(u.vfiler.desc('toggle_sort', vfiler), function()
       vfiler:do_action(a.toggle_sort)
       assert.is_equal('Name', context.options.sort)
-      -- TODO:
 
       vfiler:do_action(a.toggle_sort)
       assert.is_equal('name', context.options.sort)
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/actions/yank_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/actions/yank_spec.lua
index 145e461..eb55ce2 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/actions/yank_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/actions/yank_spec.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local a = require('vfiler/actions/yank')
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
 local cursor = require('vfiler/actions/cursor')
 
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/item_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/item_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f539dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/vfiler/item_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+local fs = require('vfiler/libs/filesystem')
+
+local Directory = require('vfiler/items/directory')
+local File = require('vfiler/items/file')
+
+describe('item', function()
+  local root = vim.fn.fnamemodify('./', ':p')
+
+  describe('directory', function()
+    it('create and delete', function()
+      local dirpath = core.path.join(root, 'foo')
+      local dir = Directory.create(dirpath)
+      assert.is_not_nil(dir)
+      assert.is_true(core.path.exists(dirpath))
+
+      local result = dir:delete()
+      assert.is_true(result)
+      assert.is_false(core.path.exists(dirpath))
+    end)
+
+    it('update', function()
+      local stat = fs.stat(root)
+      local dir = Directory.new(stat)
+      assert.is_not_nil(dir)
+      dir:update()
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe('file', function()
+    it('create and delete', function()
+      local filepath = core.path.join(root, 'foo')
+      local file = File.create(filepath)
+      assert.is_not_nil(file)
+      assert.is_true(core.path.exists(filepath))
+
+      local result = file:delete()
+      assert.is_true(result)
+      assert.is_false(core.path.exists(filepath))
+    end)
+
+    it('update', function()
+      local path = core.path.join(root, 'README.md')
+      local stat = fs.stat(path)
+      local file = File.new(stat)
+      assert.is_not_nil(file)
+
+      local expected = {
+        name = file.name,
+        path = file.path,
+        size = file.size,
+        time = file.time,
+        type = file.type,
+        mode = file.mode,
+        link = file.link,
+      }
+      file:update()
+      for prop, value in pairs(expected) do
+        assert.equal(value, file[prop])
+      end
+    end)
+  end)
+end)
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/libs/core_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/libs/core_spec.lua
index 995612b..28f534f 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/libs/core_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/libs/core_spec.lua
@@ -374,12 +374,12 @@ describe('core.autocmd', function()
     basic = {
       event = 'BufEnter',
       cmd = ':echo',
-      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter :echo',
+      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter * :echo',
     },
     events = {
       event = { 'BufEnter', 'BufLeave' },
       cmd = ':echo',
-      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter,BufLeave :echo',
+      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter,BufLeave * :echo',
     },
     options_buffer1 = {
       event = 'BufEnter',
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ describe('core.autocmd', function()
       options = {
         buffer = {},
       },
-      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter :echo',
+      expected = nil,
     },
     options_pattern = {
       event = 'BufEnter',
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ describe('core.autocmd', function()
         nested = true,
         once = true,
       },
-      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter ++once ++nested :echo',
+      expected = 'autocmd! BufEnter * ++once ++nested :echo',
     },
   }
 
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/libs/git_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/libs/git_spec.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e312a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/vfiler/libs/git_spec.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+local git = require('vfiler/libs/git')
+
+describe('git', function()
+  local rootpath = vim.fn.fnamemodify('./', ':p')
+
+  describe('get_toplevel', function()
+    it('call', function()
+      local path = git.get_toplevel(rootpath)
+      assert.is_not_nil(path)
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe('reload_status_async', function()
+    it('call', function()
+      local options = {}
+      local job = git.reload_status_async(rootpath, options, function(status)
+        assert.is_not_nil(status)
+      end)
+      assert.is_not_nil(job)
+      job:wait()
+
+      options = {
+        untracked = ture,
+      }
+      job = git.reload_status_async(rootpath, options, function(status)
+        assert.is_not_nil(status)
+      end)
+      assert.is_not_nil(job)
+      job:wait()
+
+      options = {
+        ignored = ture,
+      }
+      job = git.reload_status_async(rootpath, options, function(status)
+        assert.is_not_nil(status)
+      end)
+      assert.is_not_nil(job)
+      job:wait()
+
+      options = {
+        untracked = ture,
+        ignored = ture,
+      }
+      job = git.reload_status_async(rootpath, options, function(status)
+        assert.is_not_nil(status)
+      end)
+      assert.is_not_nil(job)
+      job:wait()
+    end)
+  end)
+
+  describe('reload_status_file', function()
+    it('call', function()
+      local options = {}
+      local path = vim.fn.fnamemodify('./README.md', ':p')
+      local status = git.reload_status_file(rootpath, path, options)
+
+      options = {
+        untracked = ture,
+      }
+      status = git.reload_status_file(rootpath, path, options)
+
+      options = {
+        ignored = ture,
+      }
+      status = git.reload_status_file(rootpath, path, options)
+
+      options = {
+        untracked = ture,
+        ignored = ture,
+      }
+      status = git.reload_status_file(rootpath, path, options)
+    end)
+  end)
+end)
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/vfiler_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/vfiler_spec.lua
index ed9e543..a34fe10 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/vfiler_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/vfiler_spec.lua
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 local Buffer = require('vfiler/buffer')
 
 describe('vfiler', function()
diff --git a/tests/vfiler/view_spec.lua b/tests/vfiler/view_spec.lua
index 0b8c76f..705dbdf 100644
--- a/tests/vfiler/view_spec.lua
+++ b/tests/vfiler/view_spec.lua
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-local u = require('tests/utility')
+local core = require('vfiler/libs/core')
+local u = require('tests/utilities')
 
 describe('view', function()
+  local root = vim.fn.fnamemodify('./', ':p')
+
   it('has_column', function()
     local vfiler = u.vfiler.start()
     local view = vfiler._view
@@ -9,6 +12,46 @@ describe('view', function()
     vfiler:quit(true)
   end)
 
+  it('indexof', function()
+    local vfiler = u.vfiler.start()
+    local view = vfiler._view
+    local path = core.path.join(root, 'README.md')
+    local index = view:indexof(path)
+    assert.not_equal(0, index)
+
+    -- Purposely set a path that does not exist.
+    path = core.path.join(root, 'foo.xxx')
+    index = view:indexof(path)
+    assert.equal(0, index)
+  end)
+
+  it('itemof', function()
+    local vfiler = u.vfiler.start()
+    local view = vfiler._view
+    local path = core.path.join(root, 'README.md')
+    local item = view:itemof(path)
+    assert.not_nil(item)
+    assert.equal(path, item.path)
+
+    -- Purposely set a path that does not exist.
+    path = core.path.join(root, 'foo.xxx')
+    item = view:itemof(path)
+    assert.is_nil(item)
+  end)
+
+  it('lineof', function()
+    local vfiler = u.vfiler.start()
+    local view = vfiler._view
+    local path = core.path.join(root, 'README.md')
+    local lnum = view:lineof(path)
+    assert.is_true(lnum ~= 0)
+
+    -- Purposely set a path that does not exist.
+    path = core.path.join(root, 'foo.xxx')
+    lnum = view:lineof(path)
+    assert.is_true(lnum == 0)
+  end)
+
   it('top_lnum', function()
     local vfiler = u.vfiler.start({
       options = {