TYP: Inline typing annotations

[jorenham]

I intentionally annotated the input types to (also) accept the overly-loose numpy.typing.ArrayLike type. Because even though that also accepts invalid input, it would avoid breaking user code like

def get_rich_quick(p: npt.ArrayLike):
    r = npf.irr(p)
    # ???
    return profit

which I'm guessing is the primary use-case of numpy_financial (or maybe that was just me).

Anyway, there's still quite a bit of room for improvement. For example, by making mypy and pyright pass is strict mode. But getting there wll take quite a bit of effort for diminishing returns.

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Closes #133

[Kai-Striega]

Thanks for including this, @jorenham it looks like great progress. I'm going to be busy this week, however I'll try to review it next weekend in depth.

[Kai-Striega]

This looks great! I've played around with it and seems to follow my intuition about what the types should be doing.

As this is quite a large PR, I'm going to leave it open for another week or so to see if there's any community feedback. Otherwise I'll merge it next weekend.

Thanks for your work @jorenham