diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeer.java b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeer.java
index 6fed1ff423f..c3a1d43960e 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeer.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeer.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 package org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.eth.manager;
 
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static org.hyperledger.besu.util.Slf4jLambdaHelper.traceLambda;
 
 import org.hyperledger.besu.datatypes.Hash;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.core.Difficulty;
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-public class EthPeer {
+public class EthPeer implements Comparable<EthPeer> {
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EthPeer.class);
 
   private static final int MAX_OUTSTANDING_REQUESTS = 5;
@@ -395,7 +397,14 @@ public Map<Integer, AtomicInteger> timeoutCounts() {
     return reputation.timeoutCounts();
   }
 
+  public PeerReputation getReputation() {
+    return reputation;
+  }
+
   void handleDisconnect() {
+    traceLambda(
+        LOG, "handleDisconnect - peer... {}, {}", this::getShortNodeId, this::getReputation);
+
     requestManagers.forEach(
         (protocolName, map) -> map.forEach((code, requestManager) -> requestManager.close()));
   }
@@ -522,7 +531,28 @@ public boolean hasSupportForMessage(final int messageCode) {
 
   @Override
   public String toString() {
-    return String.format("Peer %s...", nodeId().toString().substring(0, 20));
+    return String.format(
+        "Peer %s... %s, validated? %s, disconnected? %s",
+        getShortNodeId(), reputation, isFullyValidated(), isDisconnected());
+  }
+
+  @Nonnull
+  public String getShortNodeId() {
+    return nodeId().toString().substring(0, 20);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(final @Nonnull EthPeer ethPeer) {
+    int repCompare = this.reputation.compareTo(ethPeer.reputation);
+    if (repCompare != 0) return repCompare;
+
+    int headStateCompare =
+        Long.compare(
+            this.chainHeadState.getBestBlock().getNumber(),
+            ethPeer.chainHeadState.getBestBlock().getNumber());
+    if (headStateCompare != 0) return headStateCompare;
+
+    return getConnection().getPeerInfo().compareTo(ethPeer.getConnection().getPeerInfo());
   }
 
   @FunctionalInterface
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeers.java b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeers.java
index 9268def8ded..b35c2aab6b8 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeers.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeers.java
@@ -204,9 +204,15 @@ public interface ConnectCallback {
 
   @Override
   public String toString() {
+    if (connections.isEmpty()) {
+      return "0 EthPeers {}";
+    }
     final String connectionsList =
-        connections.values().stream().map(EthPeer::toString).collect(Collectors.joining(","));
-    return "EthPeers{connections=" + connectionsList + '}';
+        connections.values().stream()
+            .sorted()
+            .map(EthPeer::toString)
+            .collect(Collectors.joining(", \n"));
+    return connections.size() + " EthPeers {\n" + connectionsList + '}';
   }
 
   private void invokeConnectionCallbacks(final EthPeer peer) {
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthProtocolManager.java b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthProtocolManager.java
index d90503a14eb..5cd38791543 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthProtocolManager.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthProtocolManager.java
@@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ public void handleNewConnection(final PeerConnection connection) {
     } catch (final PeerNotConnected peerNotConnected) {
       // Nothing to do.
     }
+    LOG.trace("{}", ethPeers);
   }
 
   @Override
@@ -345,6 +346,7 @@ public void handleDisconnect(
         reason,
         connection.getPeerInfo(),
         ethPeers.peerCount());
+    LOG.trace("{}", ethPeers);
   }
 
   private void handleStatusMessage(final EthPeer peer, final MessageData data) {
@@ -374,7 +376,7 @@ private void handleStatusMessage(final EthPeer peer, final MessageData data) {
       }
     } catch (final RLPException e) {
       LOG.debug("Unable to parse status message.", e);
-      // Parsing errors can happen when clients broadcast network ids outside of the int range,
+      // Parsing errors can happen when clients broadcast network ids outside the int range,
       // So just disconnect with "subprotocol" error rather than "breach of protocol".
       peer.disconnect(DisconnectReason.SUBPROTOCOL_TRIGGERED);
     }
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/PeerReputation.java b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/PeerReputation.java
index 2955c713eda..8293f0dfa09 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/PeerReputation.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/PeerReputation.java
@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-public class PeerReputation {
+public class PeerReputation implements Comparable<PeerReputation> {
   private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PeerReputation.class);
   private static final int TIMEOUT_THRESHOLD = 3;
   private static final int USELESS_RESPONSE_THRESHOLD = 5;
@@ -39,12 +40,20 @@ public class PeerReputation {
       new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
   private final Queue<Long> uselessResponseTimes = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
 
+  private static final int DEFAULT_SCORE = 100;
+  private static final int SMALL_ADJUSTMENT = 1;
+  private static final int LARGE_ADJUSTMENT = 10;
+
+  private int score = DEFAULT_SCORE;
+
   public Optional<DisconnectReason> recordRequestTimeout(final int requestCode) {
     final int newTimeoutCount = getOrCreateTimeoutCount(requestCode).incrementAndGet();
     if (newTimeoutCount >= TIMEOUT_THRESHOLD) {
       LOG.debug("Disconnection triggered by repeated timeouts");
+      score -= LARGE_ADJUSTMENT;
       return Optional.of(DisconnectReason.TIMEOUT);
     } else {
+      score -= SMALL_ADJUSTMENT;
       return Optional.empty();
     }
   }
@@ -67,9 +76,11 @@ public Optional<DisconnectReason> recordUselessResponse(final long timestamp) {
       uselessResponseTimes.poll();
     }
     if (uselessResponseTimes.size() >= USELESS_RESPONSE_THRESHOLD) {
+      score -= LARGE_ADJUSTMENT;
       LOG.debug("Disconnection triggered by exceeding useless response threshold");
       return Optional.of(DisconnectReason.USELESS_PEER);
     } else {
+      score -= SMALL_ADJUSTMENT;
       return Optional.empty();
     }
   }
@@ -77,4 +88,14 @@ public Optional<DisconnectReason> recordUselessResponse(final long timestamp) {
   private boolean shouldRemove(final Long timestamp, final long currentTimestamp) {
     return timestamp != null && timestamp + USELESS_RESPONSE_WINDOW_IN_MILLIS < currentTimestamp;
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return String.format("PeerReputation " + score);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(final @Nonnull PeerReputation otherReputation) {
+    return Integer.compare(this.score, otherReputation.score);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessage.java b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessage.java
index 565ed706a0b..d3b7d076445 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessage.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessage.java
@@ -215,5 +215,28 @@ public static EthStatus readFrom(final RLPInput in) {
       return new EthStatus(
           protocolVersion, networkId, totalDifficulty, bestHash, genesisHash, forkId);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "EthStatus{"
+          + "protocolVersion="
+          + protocolVersion
+          + ", networkId="
+          + networkId
+          + ", totalDifficulty="
+          + totalDifficulty
+          + ", bestHash="
+          + bestHash
+          + ", genesisHash="
+          + genesisHash
+          + ", forkId="
+          + forkId
+          + '}';
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return status().toString();
   }
 }
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeerTest.java b/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeerTest.java
index 8ed9c715bc4..9ac7948febc 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeerTest.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeerTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.connections.PeerConnection;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.connections.PeerConnection.PeerNotConnected;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.wire.MessageData;
+import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.wire.PeerInfo;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.wire.messages.PingMessage;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.plugin.services.permissioning.NodeMessagePermissioningProvider;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.testutil.TestClock;
@@ -47,11 +48,13 @@
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
+import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
 import org.junit.Test;
 
 public class EthPeerTest {
   private static final BlockDataGenerator gen = new BlockDataGenerator();
   private final TestClock clock = new TestClock();
+  private static final Bytes NODE_ID = Bytes.random(32);
 
   @Test
   public void getHeadersStream() throws PeerNotConnected {
@@ -342,6 +345,22 @@ public void message_permissioning_any_false_permission_preventsMessageFromSendin
     verify(peer.getConnection(), times(0)).sendForProtocol(any(), eq(PingMessage.get()));
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void compareTo_withSameNodeId() {
+    final EthPeer peer1 = createPeerWithPeerInfo(NODE_ID);
+    final EthPeer peer2 = createPeerWithPeerInfo(NODE_ID);
+    assertThat(peer1.compareTo(peer2)).isEqualTo(0);
+    assertThat(peer2.compareTo(peer1)).isEqualTo(0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void compareTo_withDifferentNodeId() {
+    final EthPeer peer1 = createPeerWithPeerInfo(NODE_ID);
+    final EthPeer peer2 = createPeerWithPeerInfo(Bytes.fromHexString("0x00"));
+    assertThat(peer1.compareTo(peer2)).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(peer2.compareTo(peer1)).isEqualTo(-1);
+  }
+
   private void messageStream(
       final ResponseStreamSupplier getStream,
       final MessageData targetMessage,
@@ -431,6 +450,22 @@ private EthPeer createPeer(final List<PeerValidator> peerValidators) {
     return createPeer(peerValidators, Collections.emptyList());
   }
 
+  private EthPeer createPeerWithPeerInfo(final Bytes nodeId) {
+    final PeerConnection peerConnection = mock(PeerConnection.class);
+    final Consumer<EthPeer> onPeerReady = (peer) -> {};
+    // Use a non-eth protocol name to ensure that EthPeer with sub-protocols such as Istanbul
+    // that extend the sub-protocol work correctly
+    PeerInfo peerInfo = new PeerInfo(1, "clientId", Collections.emptyList(), 30303, nodeId);
+    when(peerConnection.getPeerInfo()).thenReturn(peerInfo);
+    return new EthPeer(
+        peerConnection,
+        "foo",
+        onPeerReady,
+        Collections.emptyList(),
+        clock,
+        Collections.emptyList());
+  }
+
   private EthPeer createPeer(
       final List<PeerValidator> peerValidators,
       final List<NodeMessagePermissioningProvider> permissioningProviders) {
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeersTest.java b/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeersTest.java
index ddf1edb13de..e696f78d8cb 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeersTest.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/manager/EthPeersTest.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.connections.PeerConnection.PeerNotConnected;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.ethereum.p2p.rlpx.wire.messages.DisconnectMessage.DisconnectReason;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.OptionalLong;
 import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
@@ -264,6 +265,18 @@ public void shouldFailRequestWithBusyDisconnectedAssignedPeer() throws Exception
     assertRequestFailure(pendingRequest, CancellationException.class);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void toString_hasExpectedInfo() {
+    assertThat(ethPeers.toString()).isEqualTo("0 EthPeers {}");
+
+    final EthPeer peerA =
+        EthProtocolManagerTestUtil.createPeer(ethProtocolManager, Difficulty.of(50), 20)
+            .getEthPeer();
+    ethPeers.registerConnection(peerA.getConnection(), Collections.emptyList());
+    assertThat(ethPeers.toString()).contains("1 EthPeers {");
+    assertThat(ethPeers.toString()).contains(peerA.getShortNodeId());
+  }
+
   private void freeUpCapacity(final EthPeer ethPeer) {
     ethPeers.dispatchMessage(ethPeer, new EthMessage(ethPeer, NodeDataMessage.create(emptyList())));
   }
diff --git a/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessageTest.java b/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessageTest.java
index 44fd1e42ce4..e84c795f4b7 100644
--- a/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessageTest.java
+++ b/ethereum/eth/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/eth/messages/StatusMessageTest.java
@@ -90,6 +90,25 @@ public void serializeDeserializeWithForkId() {
     assertThat(copy.forkId()).isEqualTo(forkId);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void toStringHasExpectedInfo() {
+    final int version = EthProtocol.EthVersion.V64;
+    final BigInteger networkId = BigInteger.ONE;
+    final Difficulty td = Difficulty.of(1000L);
+    final Hash bestHash = randHash(1L);
+    final Hash genesisHash = randHash(2L);
+    final ForkId forkId = new ForkId(Bytes.fromHexString("0xa00bc334"), 0L);
+
+    final MessageData msg =
+        StatusMessage.create(version, networkId, td, bestHash, genesisHash, forkId);
+
+    final StatusMessage copy = new StatusMessage(msg.getData());
+    final String copyToString = copy.toString();
+
+    assertThat(copyToString).contains("bestHash=" + bestHash);
+    assertThat(copyToString).contains("genesisHash=" + genesisHash);
+  }
+
   private Hash randHash(final long seed) {
     final Random random = new Random(seed);
     final byte[] bytes = new byte[32];
diff --git a/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgent.java b/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgent.java
index 1e16e1d692f..5691c63bdba 100644
--- a/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgent.java
+++ b/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgent.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
 import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
 import static java.util.Objects.isNull;
+import static org.hyperledger.besu.util.Slf4jLambdaHelper.traceLambda;
 
 import org.hyperledger.besu.crypto.NodeKey;
 import org.hyperledger.besu.crypto.SECPPublicKey;
@@ -180,6 +181,14 @@ public void connect(final Stream<? extends Peer> peerStream) {
         .forEach(this::connect);
   }
 
+  private String logConnectionsByIdToString() {
+    final String connectionsList =
+        connectionsById.values().stream()
+            .map(RlpxConnection::toString)
+            .collect(Collectors.joining(",\n"));
+    return connectionsById.size() + " ConnectionsById {\n" + connectionsList + "}";
+  }
+
   public void disconnect(final Bytes peerId, final DisconnectReason reason) {
     final RlpxConnection connection = connectionsById.remove(peerId);
     if (connection != null) {
@@ -227,7 +236,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<PeerConnection> connect(final Peer peer) {
     // Check max peers
     if (!peerPrivileges.canExceedConnectionLimits(peer) && getConnectionCount() >= maxConnections) {
       final String errorMsg =
-          "Max peer peer connections established ("
+          "Max peer connections established ("
               + maxConnections
               + "). Cannot connect to peer: "
               + peer;
@@ -263,6 +272,8 @@ public CompletableFuture<PeerConnection> connect(final Peer peer) {
           }
         });
 
+    traceLambda(LOG, "{}", this::logConnectionsByIdToString);
+
     return connectionFuture.get();
   }
 
@@ -276,6 +287,7 @@ private void handleDisconnect(
       final PeerConnection peerConnection,
       final DisconnectReason disconnectReason,
       final boolean initiatedByPeer) {
+    traceLambda(LOG, "{}", this::logConnectionsByIdToString);
     cleanUpPeerConnection(peerConnection.getPeer().getId());
   }
 
@@ -416,6 +428,7 @@ && getConnectionCount() >= maxConnections) {
     // Check remote connections again to control for race conditions
     enforceRemoteConnectionLimits();
     enforceConnectionLimits();
+    traceLambda(LOG, "{}", this::logConnectionsByIdToString);
   }
 
   private boolean shouldLimitRemoteConnections() {
@@ -518,6 +531,7 @@ private int compareDuplicateConnections(final RlpxConnection a, final RlpxConnec
 
     final Bytes peerId = a.getPeer().getId();
     final Bytes localId = localNode.getPeer().getId();
+    // at this point a.Id == b.Id
     if (a.initiatedRemotely() != b.initiatedRemotely()) {
       // If we have connections initiated in different directions, keep the connection initiated
       // by the node with the lower id
@@ -528,6 +542,7 @@ private int compareDuplicateConnections(final RlpxConnection a, final RlpxConnec
       }
     }
     // Otherwise, keep older connection
+    LOG.info("comparing timestamps " + a.getInitiatedAt() + " with " + b.getInitiatedAt());
     return Math.toIntExact(a.getInitiatedAt() - b.getInitiatedAt());
   }
 
diff --git a/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/connections/RlpxConnection.java b/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/connections/RlpxConnection.java
index a56e9b8fef6..ae0ba7f4b4a 100644
--- a/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/connections/RlpxConnection.java
+++ b/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/connections/RlpxConnection.java
@@ -143,6 +143,14 @@ public boolean equals(final Object o) {
     public int hashCode() {
       return Objects.hash(peerConnection);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "RemotelyInitiatedRlpxConnection initiatedAt:"
+          + getInitiatedAt()
+          + " to "
+          + peerConnection.getPeer().getId();
+    }
   }
 
   private static class LocallyInitiatedRlpxConnection extends RlpxConnection {
@@ -213,6 +221,16 @@ public boolean equals(final Object o) {
     public int hashCode() {
       return Objects.hash(peer, future);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return "LocallyInitiatedRlpxConnection initiatedAt:"
+          + getInitiatedAt()
+          + " to "
+          + getPeer().getId()
+          + " disconnected? "
+          + isFailedOrDisconnected();
+    }
   }
 
   public static class ConnectionNotEstablishedException extends IllegalStateException {
diff --git a/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/wire/PeerInfo.java b/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/wire/PeerInfo.java
index dc9f3268843..df25746837e 100644
--- a/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/wire/PeerInfo.java
+++ b/ethereum/p2p/src/main/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/wire/PeerInfo.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 
 import org.apache.tuweni.bytes.Bytes;
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
  *
  * <p>The peer info is shared between peers during the <code>HELLO</code> wire protocol handshake.
  */
-public class PeerInfo {
+public class PeerInfo implements Comparable<PeerInfo> {
   private final int version;
   private final String clientId;
   private final List<Capability> capabilities;
@@ -143,4 +144,9 @@ public boolean equals(final Object o) {
   public int hashCode() {
     return Objects.hash(version, clientId, capabilities, port, nodeId);
   }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(final @Nonnull PeerInfo peerInfo) {
+    return this.nodeId.compareTo(peerInfo.nodeId);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/ethereum/p2p/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgentTest.java b/ethereum/p2p/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgentTest.java
index 9872ce5fc60..8adc5cc3505 100644
--- a/ethereum/p2p/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgentTest.java
+++ b/ethereum/p2p/src/test/java/org/hyperledger/besu/ethereum/p2p/rlpx/RlpxAgentTest.java
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ public void connect_failsWhenMaxPeersConnected() {
 
     assertThatThrownBy(connection::get)
         .hasCauseInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class)
-        .hasMessageContaining("Max peer peer connections established (1). Cannot connect to peer");
+        .hasMessageContaining("Max peer connections established (1). Cannot connect to peer");
     assertPeerConnectionNotTracked(peer);
     assertThat(agent.getConnectionCount()).isEqualTo(1);
   }