diff --git a/doc/api/errors.md b/doc/api/errors.md
index ebafd5a05fba54..40b8e7ab74cf71 100644
--- a/doc/api/errors.md
+++ b/doc/api/errors.md
@@ -703,6 +703,35 @@ in some cases may accept `func(undefined)` but not `func()`). In most native
 Node.js APIs, `func(undefined)` and `func()` are treated identically, and the
 [`ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE`][] error code may be used instead.
 
+<a id="ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND"></a>
+### ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND
+An error using the `'ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND'` code is thrown when an attempt
+is made to bind a socket that has already been bound.
+
+<a id="ERR_SOCKET_BAD_PORT"></a>
+### ERR_SOCKET_BAD_PORT
+
+An error using the `'ERR_SOCKET_BAD_PORT'` code is thrown when an API
+function expecting a port > 0 and < 65536 receives an invalid value.
+
+<a id="ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE"></a>
+### ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE
+
+An error using the `'ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE'` code is thrown when an API
+function expecting a socket type (`udp4` or `udp6`) receives an invalid value.
+
+<a id="ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND"></a>
+### ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND
+
+An error using the `'ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND'` code is thrown when data
+cannot be sent on a socket.
+
+<a id="ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING"></a>
+### ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING
+
+An error using the `'ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING'` code is thrown
+when a call is made and the UDP subsystem is not running.
+
 <a id="ERR_STDERR_CLOSE"></a>
 ### ERR_STDERR_CLOSE
 
diff --git a/lib/dgram.js b/lib/dgram.js
index 4d9f7eb29fd97c..0d93ca28748e87 100644
--- a/lib/dgram.js
+++ b/lib/dgram.js
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 'use strict';
 
 const assert = require('assert');
+const errors = require('internal/errors');
 const Buffer = require('buffer').Buffer;
 const util = require('util');
 const EventEmitter = require('events');
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ function newHandle(type) {
     return handle;
   }
 
-  throw new Error('Bad socket type specified. Valid types are: udp4, udp6');
+  throw new errors.Error('ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE');
 }
 
 
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ Socket.prototype.bind = function(port_, address_ /*, callback*/) {
   this._healthCheck();
 
   if (this._bindState !== BIND_STATE_UNBOUND)
-    throw new Error('Socket is already bound');
+    throw new errors.Error('ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND');
 
   this._bindState = BIND_STATE_BINDING;
 
@@ -260,11 +261,21 @@ Socket.prototype.sendto = function(buffer,
                                    port,
                                    address,
                                    callback) {
-  if (typeof offset !== 'number' || typeof length !== 'number')
-    throw new Error('Send takes "offset" and "length" as args 2 and 3');
+  if (typeof offset !== 'number') {
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', 'offset', 'number');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof length !== 'number') {
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', 'length', 'number');
+  }
 
-  if (typeof address !== 'string')
-    throw new Error(this.type + ' sockets must send to port, address');
+  if (typeof port !== 'number') {
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', 'port', 'number');
+  }
+
+  if (typeof address !== 'string') {
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE', 'address', 'string');
+  }
 
   this.send(buffer, offset, length, port, address, callback);
 };
@@ -274,8 +285,9 @@ function sliceBuffer(buffer, offset, length) {
   if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
     buffer = Buffer.from(buffer);
   } else if (!isUint8Array(buffer)) {
-    throw new TypeError('First argument must be a Buffer, ' +
-                        'Uint8Array or string');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                               'buffer',
+                               ['Buffer', 'Uint8Array', 'string']);
   }
 
   offset = offset >>> 0;
@@ -323,7 +335,7 @@ function onListenSuccess() {
 function onListenError(err) {
   this.removeListener('listening', onListenSuccess);
   this._queue = undefined;
-  this.emit('error', new Error('Unable to send data'));
+  this.emit('error', new errors.Error('ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND'));
 }
 
 
@@ -366,18 +378,21 @@ Socket.prototype.send = function(buffer,
     if (typeof buffer === 'string') {
       list = [ Buffer.from(buffer) ];
     } else if (!isUint8Array(buffer)) {
-      throw new TypeError('First argument must be a Buffer, ' +
-                          'Uint8Array or string');
+      throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                                 'buffer',
+                                 ['Buffer', 'Uint8Array', 'string']);
     } else {
       list = [ buffer ];
     }
   } else if (!(list = fixBufferList(buffer))) {
-    throw new TypeError('Buffer list arguments must be buffers or strings');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                               'buffer list arguments',
+                               ['Buffer', 'string']);
   }
 
   port = port >>> 0;
   if (port === 0 || port > 65535)
-    throw new RangeError('Port should be > 0 and < 65536');
+    throw new errors.RangeError('ERR_SOCKET_BAD_PORT');
 
   // Normalize callback so it's either a function or undefined but not anything
   // else.
@@ -388,8 +403,9 @@ Socket.prototype.send = function(buffer,
     callback = address;
     address = undefined;
   } else if (address && typeof address !== 'string') {
-    throw new TypeError('Invalid arguments: address must be a nonempty ' +
-                        'string or falsy');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                               'address',
+                               ['string', 'falsy']);
   }
 
   this._healthCheck();
@@ -510,7 +526,9 @@ Socket.prototype.setBroadcast = function(arg) {
 
 Socket.prototype.setTTL = function(arg) {
   if (typeof arg !== 'number') {
-    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                               'arg',
+                               'number');
   }
 
   var err = this._handle.setTTL(arg);
@@ -524,7 +542,9 @@ Socket.prototype.setTTL = function(arg) {
 
 Socket.prototype.setMulticastTTL = function(arg) {
   if (typeof arg !== 'number') {
-    throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                               'arg',
+                               'number');
   }
 
   var err = this._handle.setMulticastTTL(arg);
@@ -551,7 +571,7 @@ Socket.prototype.addMembership = function(multicastAddress,
   this._healthCheck();
 
   if (!multicastAddress) {
-    throw new Error('multicast address must be specified');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_MISSING_ARGS', 'multicastAddress');
   }
 
   var err = this._handle.addMembership(multicastAddress, interfaceAddress);
@@ -566,7 +586,7 @@ Socket.prototype.dropMembership = function(multicastAddress,
   this._healthCheck();
 
   if (!multicastAddress) {
-    throw new Error('multicast address must be specified');
+    throw new errors.TypeError('ERR_MISSING_ARGS', 'multicastAddress');
   }
 
   var err = this._handle.dropMembership(multicastAddress, interfaceAddress);
@@ -577,8 +597,10 @@ Socket.prototype.dropMembership = function(multicastAddress,
 
 
 Socket.prototype._healthCheck = function() {
-  if (!this._handle)
-    throw new Error('Not running'); // error message from dgram_legacy.js
+  if (!this._handle) {
+    // Error message from dgram_legacy.js.
+    throw new errors.Error('ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING');
+  }
 };
 
 
diff --git a/lib/internal/errors.js b/lib/internal/errors.js
index 50d2c20325f0d6..1ca0f59d793b41 100644
--- a/lib/internal/errors.js
+++ b/lib/internal/errors.js
@@ -142,6 +142,12 @@ E('ERR_UNKNOWN_BUILTIN_MODULE', (id) => `No such built-in module: ${id}`);
 E('ERR_UNKNOWN_SIGNAL', (signal) => `Unknown signal: ${signal}`);
 E('ERR_UNKNOWN_STDIN_TYPE', 'Unknown stdin file type');
 E('ERR_UNKNOWN_STREAM_TYPE', 'Unknown stream file type');
+E('ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND', 'Socket is already bound');
+E('ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE',
+  'Bad socket type specified. Valid types are: udp4, udp6');
+E('ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND', 'Unable to send data');
+E('ERR_SOCKET_BAD_PORT', 'Port should be > 0 and < 65536');
+E('ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING', 'Not running');
 // Add new errors from here...
 
 function invalidArgType(name, expected, actual) {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-bind.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-bind.js
index 25fd7408ffd17a..4e293a8021c160 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-bind.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-bind.js
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ const socket = dgram.createSocket('udp4');
 socket.on('listening', common.mustCall(() => {
   assert.throws(() => {
     socket.bind();
-  }, /^Error: Socket is already bound$/);
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND',
+    type: Error,
+    message: /^Socket is already bound$/
+  }));
 
   socket.close();
 }));
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-createSocket-type.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-createSocket-type.js
index 1d269ddeda26eb..e6b17251f82060 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-createSocket-type.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-createSocket-type.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 'use strict';
-require('../common');
+const common = require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
 const dgram = require('dgram');
 const invalidTypes = [
@@ -24,7 +24,11 @@ const validTypes = [
 invalidTypes.forEach((invalidType) => {
   assert.throws(() => {
     dgram.createSocket(invalidType);
-  }, /Bad socket type specified/);
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE',
+    type: Error,
+    message: /^Bad socket type specified\. Valid types are: udp4, udp6$/
+  }));
 });
 
 // Error must not be thrown with valid types
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-implicit-bind-failure.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-implicit-bind-failure.js
index 626af418e533a9..2944c9aae72abe 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-implicit-bind-failure.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-implicit-bind-failure.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ socket.on('error', (err) => {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (/^Error: Unable to send data$/.test(err)) {
+  if (err.code === 'ERR_SOCKET_CANNOT_SEND') {
     // On error, the queue should be destroyed and this function should be
     // the only listener.
     sendFailures++;
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-membership.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-membership.js
index 1543b9043f7738..586db5f3cfeb70 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-membership.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-membership.js
@@ -11,8 +11,13 @@ const setup = dgram.createSocket.bind(dgram, {type: 'udp4', reuseAddr: true});
 {
   const socket = setup();
   socket.close(common.mustCall(() => {
-    assert.throws(() => { socket.addMembership(multicastAddress); },
-                  /^Error: Not running$/);
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      socket.addMembership(multicastAddress);
+    }, common.expectsError({
+      code: 'ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING',
+      type: Error,
+      message: /^Not running$/
+    }));
   }));
 }
 
@@ -20,24 +25,39 @@ const setup = dgram.createSocket.bind(dgram, {type: 'udp4', reuseAddr: true});
 {
   const socket = setup();
   socket.close(common.mustCall(() => {
-    assert.throws(() => { socket.dropMembership(multicastAddress); },
-                  /^Error: Not running$/);
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      socket.dropMembership(multicastAddress);
+    }, common.expectsError({
+      code: 'ERR_SOCKET_DGRAM_NOT_RUNNING',
+      type: Error,
+      message: /^Not running$/
+    }));
   }));
 }
 
 // addMembership() with no argument should throw
 {
   const socket = setup();
-  assert.throws(() => { socket.addMembership(); },
-                /^Error: multicast address must be specified$/);
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    socket.addMembership();
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_MISSING_ARGS',
+    type: TypeError,
+    message: /^The "multicastAddress" argument must be specified$/
+  }));
   socket.close();
 }
 
 // dropMembership() with no argument should throw
 {
   const socket = setup();
-  assert.throws(() => { socket.dropMembership(); },
-                /^Error: multicast address must be specified$/);
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    socket.dropMembership();
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_MISSING_ARGS',
+    type: TypeError,
+    message: /^The "multicastAddress" argument must be specified$/
+  }));
   socket.close();
 }
 
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-multicast-setTTL.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-multicast-setTTL.js
index 37a2d1586318ef..b7d1e01b321ac7 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-multicast-setTTL.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-multicast-setTTL.js
@@ -37,7 +37,11 @@ socket.on('listening', common.mustCall(() => {
 
   assert.throws(() => {
     socket.setMulticastTTL('foo');
-  }, /^TypeError: Argument must be a number$/);
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+    type: TypeError,
+    message: /^The "arg" argument must be of type number$/
+  }));
 
   //close the socket
   socket.close();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-send-address-types.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-send-address-types.js
index 6c5bf20e00db78..6b26c23a266558 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-send-address-types.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-send-address-types.js
@@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ const onMessage = common.mustCall((err, bytes) => {
   assert.strictEqual(bytes, buf.length);
 }, 6);
 
-const expectedError =
-  /^TypeError: Invalid arguments: address must be a nonempty string or falsy$/;
+const expectedError = { code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+                        type: TypeError,
+                        message:
+  /^The "address" argument must be one of type string or falsy$/
+};
 
 const client = dgram.createSocket('udp4').bind(0, () => {
   const port = client.address().port;
@@ -37,17 +40,17 @@ const client = dgram.createSocket('udp4').bind(0, () => {
   // invalid address: object
   assert.throws(() => {
     client.send(buf, port, []);
-  }, expectedError);
+  }, common.expectsError(expectedError));
 
   // invalid address: nonzero number
   assert.throws(() => {
     client.send(buf, port, 1);
-  }, expectedError);
+  }, common.expectsError(expectedError));
 
   // invalid address: true
   assert.throws(() => {
     client.send(buf, port, true);
-  }, expectedError);
+  }, common.expectsError(expectedError));
 });
 
 client.unref();
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-sendto.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-sendto.js
index 350f488f12af0d..c922dc1039e732 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-sendto.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-sendto.js
@@ -1,24 +1,48 @@
 'use strict';
-require('../common');
+const common = require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
 const dgram = require('dgram');
 const socket = dgram.createSocket('udp4');
 
-const errorMessage =
-  /^Error: Send takes "offset" and "length" as args 2 and 3$/;
+const errorMessageOffset =
+  /^The "offset" argument must be of type number$/;
 
 assert.throws(() => {
   socket.sendto();
-}, errorMessage);
+}, common.expectsError({
+  code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+  type: TypeError,
+  message: errorMessageOffset
+}));
 
 assert.throws(() => {
   socket.sendto('buffer', 1, 'offset', 'port', 'address', 'cb');
-}, errorMessage);
+}, common.expectsError({
+  code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+  type: TypeError,
+  message: /^The "length" argument must be of type number$/
+}));
 
 assert.throws(() => {
   socket.sendto('buffer', 'offset', 1, 'port', 'address', 'cb');
-}, errorMessage);
+}, common.expectsError({
+  code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+  type: TypeError,
+  message: errorMessageOffset
+}));
 
 assert.throws(() => {
   socket.sendto('buffer', 1, 1, 10, false, 'cb');
-}, /^Error: udp4 sockets must send to port, address$/);
+}, common.expectsError({
+  code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+  type: TypeError,
+  message: /^The "address" argument must be of type string$/
+}));
+
+assert.throws(() => {
+  socket.sendto('buffer', 1, 1, false, 'address', 'cb');
+}, common.expectsError({
+  code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+  type: TypeError,
+  message: /^The "port" argument must be of type number$/
+}));
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-dgram-setTTL.js b/test/parallel/test-dgram-setTTL.js
index 7da3975ad4c3fd..c061fbc1870d9e 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-dgram-setTTL.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-dgram-setTTL.js
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@ socket.on('listening', common.mustCall(() => {
 
   assert.throws(() => {
     socket.setTTL('foo');
-  }, /^TypeError: Argument must be a number$/);
+  }, common.expectsError({
+    code: 'ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE',
+    type: TypeError,
+    message: /^The "arg" argument must be of type number$/
+  }));
 
   // TTL must be a number from > 0 to < 256
   assert.throws(() => {