diff --git a/doc/api/deprecations.md b/doc/api/deprecations.md
index 598315197fe255..678a6e7f085140 100644
--- a/doc/api/deprecations.md
+++ b/doc/api/deprecations.md
@@ -3733,9 +3733,12 @@ changes:
   - version: REPLACEME
     pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/54842
     description: Documentation-only deprecation.
+  - version: REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/TODO
+    description: Runtime deprecation.
 -->
 
-Type: Documentation-only
+Type: Runtime
 
 Instantiating classes without the `new` qualifier exported by the `node:repl` module is deprecated.
 It is recommended to use the `new` qualifier instead. This applies to all REPL classes, including
diff --git a/lib/internal/util.js b/lib/internal/util.js
index f9de6cd77c71f4..cad11c35133957 100644
--- a/lib/internal/util.js
+++ b/lib/internal/util.js
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ function isError(e) {
 // each one once.
 const codesWarned = new SafeSet();
 
-let validateString;
+const lazyValidateString = getLazy(() => require('internal/validators').validateString);
 
 function getDeprecationWarningEmitter(
   code, msg, deprecated, useEmitSync,
@@ -148,12 +148,8 @@ function pendingDeprecate(fn, msg, code) {
 // Returns a modified function which warns once by default.
 // If --no-deprecation is set, then it is a no-op.
 function deprecate(fn, msg, code, useEmitSync) {
-  // Lazy-load to avoid a circular dependency.
-  if (validateString === undefined)
-    ({ validateString } = require('internal/validators'));
-
   if (code !== undefined)
-    validateString(code, 'code');
+    lazyValidateString()(code, 'code');
 
   const emitDeprecationWarning = getDeprecationWarningEmitter(
     code, msg, deprecated, useEmitSync,
@@ -182,6 +178,15 @@ function deprecate(fn, msg, code, useEmitSync) {
   return deprecated;
 }
 
+function deprecateInstantation(target, code, ...args) {
+  if (code !== undefined)
+    lazyValidateString()(code, 'code');
+
+  getDeprecationWarningEmitter(code, `Instantiating ${target.name} without the 'new' keyword has been deprecated.`, target)();
+
+  return ReflectConstruct(target, args);
+}
+
 function decorateErrorStack(err) {
   if (!(isError(err) && err.stack) || err[decorated_private_symbol])
     return;
@@ -902,6 +907,7 @@ module.exports = {
   defineLazyProperties,
   defineReplaceableLazyAttribute,
   deprecate,
+  deprecateInstantation,
   emitExperimentalWarning,
   encodingsMap,
   exposeInterface,
diff --git a/lib/repl.js b/lib/repl.js
index 6e2d8120ad2167..613c978c2bd607 100644
--- a/lib/repl.js
+++ b/lib/repl.js
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ const {
   decorateErrorStack,
   isError,
   deprecate,
+  deprecateInstantation,
   SideEffectFreeRegExpPrototypeSymbolReplace,
   SideEffectFreeRegExpPrototypeSymbolSplit,
 } = require('internal/util');
@@ -262,12 +263,7 @@ function REPLServer(prompt,
                     ignoreUndefined,
                     replMode) {
   if (!(this instanceof REPLServer)) {
-    return new REPLServer(prompt,
-                          stream,
-                          eval_,
-                          useGlobal,
-                          ignoreUndefined,
-                          replMode);
+    return deprecateInstantation(REPLServer, 'DEP0185', prompt, stream, eval_, useGlobal, ignoreUndefined, replMode);
   }
 
   let options;
@@ -1849,6 +1845,8 @@ function defineDefaultCommands(repl) {
 }
 
 function Recoverable(err) {
+  if (!(this instanceof Recoverable))
+    return deprecateInstantation(Recoverable, 'DEP0185');
   this.err = err;
 }
 ObjectSetPrototypeOf(Recoverable.prototype, SyntaxErrorPrototype);
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-repl.js b/test/parallel/test-repl.js
index 4d406a8a36caaf..9fee3885f0e2a1 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-repl.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-repl.js
@@ -1014,3 +1014,13 @@ function event(ee, expected) {
     }));
   });
 }
+
+{
+  const server = repl.REPLServer();
+  common.expectWarning({
+    DeprecationWarning: {
+      DEP0185: 'Instantiating REPLServer without the \'new\' keyword has been deprecated.',
+    }
+  });
+  server.emit('line', '.exit');
+}