diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 9533411dc4e474..b8d29cdae2acb6 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ available-node = \
 # BUILDTYPE=Debug builds both release and debug builds. If you want to compile
 # just the debug build, run `make -C out BUILDTYPE=Debug` instead.
 ifeq ($(BUILDTYPE),Release)
-all: $(NODE_EXE) ## Default target, builds node in out/Release/node.
+all: $(NODE_EXE) ## Build node in out/Release/node (Default).
 else
 all: $(NODE_EXE) $(NODE_G_EXE)
 endif
@@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ config.gypi: configure configure.py src/node_version.h
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: install
-install: all ## Installs node into $PREFIX (default=/usr/local).
+install: all ## Install node into $PREFIX (default=/usr/local).
 	$(PYTHON) tools/install.py $@ --dest-dir '$(DESTDIR)' --prefix '$(PREFIX)'
 
 .PHONY: uninstall
-uninstall: ## Uninstalls node from $PREFIX (default=/usr/local).
+uninstall: ## Uninstall node from $PREFIX (default=/usr/local).
 	$(PYTHON) tools/install.py $@ --dest-dir '$(DESTDIR)' --prefix '$(PREFIX)'
 
 .PHONY: clean
@@ -213,14 +213,14 @@ clean: ## Remove build artifacts.
 
 .PHONY: testclean
 .NOTPARALLEL: testclean
-testclean:
+testclean: ## Remove test artifacts.
 # Next one is legacy remove this at some point
 	$(RM) -r test/tmp*
 	$(RM) -r test/.tmp*
 
 .PHONY: distclean
 .NOTPARALLEL: distclean
-distclean:
+distclean: ## Remove all build and test artifacts.
 	$(RM) -r out
 	$(RM) config.gypi icu_config.gypi
 	$(RM) config.mk
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ check: test
 .NOTPARALLEL: coverage-clean
 # Remove files generated by running coverage, put the non-instrumented lib back
 # in place
-coverage-clean:
+coverage-clean: ## Remove coverage artifacts.
 	$(RM) -r node_modules
 	$(RM) -r gcovr
 	$(RM) -r coverage/tmp
@@ -254,20 +254,20 @@ coverage-clean:
 coverage: coverage-test ## Run the tests and generate a coverage report.
 
 .PHONY: coverage-build
-coverage-build: all
+coverage-build: all ## Build coverage files.
 	-$(MAKE) coverage-build-js
 	if [ ! -d gcovr ]; then $(PYTHON) -m pip install -t gcovr gcovr==7.2; fi
 	$(MAKE)
 
 .PHONY: coverage-build-js
-coverage-build-js:
+coverage-build-js: ## Build JavaScript coverage files.
 	mkdir -p node_modules
 	if [ ! -d node_modules/c8 ]; then \
 		$(NODE) ./deps/npm install c8 --no-save --no-package-lock;\
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: coverage-test
-coverage-test: coverage-build
+coverage-test: coverage-build ## Run the tests and generate a coverage report.
 	@if [ -d "out/Release/obj.target" ]; then \
 		$(FIND) out/$(BUILDTYPE)/obj.target -name "*.gcda" -type f -exec $(RM) {}; \
 	fi
@@ -288,18 +288,18 @@ coverage-test: coverage-build
 		| sed 's/<[^>]*>//g'| sed 's/ //g'
 
 .PHONY: coverage-report-js
-coverage-report-js:
+coverage-report-js: ## Report JavaScript coverage results.
 	-$(MAKE) coverage-build-js
 	$(NODE) ./node_modules/.bin/c8 report
 
 .PHONY: cctest
-# Runs the C++ tests using the built `cctest` executable.
-cctest: all
+
+cctest: all ## Run the C++ tests using the built `cctest` executable.
 	@out/$(BUILDTYPE)/$@ --gtest_filter=$(GTEST_FILTER)
 	$(NODE) ./test/embedding/test-embedding.js
 
 .PHONY: list-gtests
-list-gtests:
+list-gtests: ## List all available C++ gtests.
 ifeq (,$(wildcard out/$(BUILDTYPE)/cctest))
 	$(error Please run 'make cctest' first)
 endif
@@ -309,12 +309,12 @@ endif
 # Related CI job: node-test-commit-v8-linux
 # Rebuilds deps/v8 as a git tree, pulls its third-party dependencies, and
 # builds it.
-v8:
+v8: ## Build deps/v8.
 	export PATH="$(NO_BIN_OVERRIDE_PATH)" && \
 		tools/make-v8.sh $(V8_ARCH).$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) $(V8_BUILD_OPTIONS)
 
 .PHONY: jstest
-jstest: build-addons build-js-native-api-tests build-node-api-tests ## Runs addon tests and JS tests
+jstest: build-addons build-js-native-api-tests build-node-api-tests ## Run addon tests and JS tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) \
 		$(TEST_CI_ARGS) \
 		--skip-tests=$(CI_SKIP_TESTS) \
@@ -322,11 +322,11 @@ jstest: build-addons build-js-native-api-tests build-node-api-tests ## Runs addo
 		$(NATIVE_SUITES)
 
 .PHONY: tooltest
-tooltest:
+tooltest: ## Test the various tools.
 	@$(PYTHON) -m unittest discover -s ./test/tools
 
 .PHONY: coverage-run-js
-coverage-run-js:
+coverage-run-js: ## Run JavaScript tests with coverage.
 	$(RM) -r coverage/tmp
 	-NODE_V8_COVERAGE=coverage/tmp CI_SKIP_TESTS=$(COV_SKIP_TESTS) \
 					TEST_CI_ARGS="$(TEST_CI_ARGS) --type=coverage" $(MAKE) jstest
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ coverage-run-js:
 
 .PHONY: test
 # This does not run tests of third-party libraries inside deps.
-test: all ## Runs default tests, linters, and builds docs.
+test: all ## Run default tests, linters, and build docs.
 	$(MAKE) -s tooltest
 	$(MAKE) -s test-doc
 	$(MAKE) -s build-addons
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ test: all ## Runs default tests, linters, and builds docs.
 	$(MAKE) -s jstest
 
 .PHONY: test-only
-test-only: all  ## For a quick test, does not run linter or build docs.
+test-only: all  ## Run default tests, without linters or building the docs.
 	$(MAKE) build-addons
 	$(MAKE) build-js-native-api-tests
 	$(MAKE) build-node-api-tests
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ test-only: all  ## For a quick test, does not run linter or build docs.
 
 # Used by `make coverage-test`
 .PHONY: test-cov
-test-cov: all
+test-cov: all ## Run coverage tests.
 	$(MAKE) build-addons
 	$(MAKE) build-js-native-api-tests
 	$(MAKE) build-node-api-tests
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ test-cov: all
 	CI_SKIP_TESTS=$(COV_SKIP_TESTS) $(MAKE) jstest
 
 .PHONY: test-valgrind
-test-valgrind: all
+test-valgrind: all ## Run tests using valgrind.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) --valgrind sequential parallel message
 
 .PHONY: test-check-deopts
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ test/addons/.buildstamp: $(ADDONS_PREREQS) \
 # .buildstamp is out of date and need a rebuild.
 # Just goes to show that recursive make really is harmful...
 # TODO(bnoordhuis) Force rebuild after gyp update.
-build-addons: | $(NODE_EXE) test/addons/.buildstamp
+build-addons: | $(NODE_EXE) test/addons/.buildstamp ## Build addons for Node.js.
 
 JS_NATIVE_API_BINDING_GYPS := \
 	$(filter-out test/js-native-api/??_*/binding.gyp, \
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ test/js-native-api/.buildstamp: $(ADDONS_PREREQS) \
 # .buildstamp is out of date and need a rebuild.
 # Just goes to show that recursive make really is harmful...
 # TODO(bnoordhuis) Force rebuild after gyp or node-gyp update.
-build-js-native-api-tests: | $(NODE_EXE) test/js-native-api/.buildstamp
+build-js-native-api-tests: | $(NODE_EXE) test/js-native-api/.buildstamp ## Build JS Native-API tests.
 
 NODE_API_BINDING_GYPS := \
 	$(filter-out test/node-api/??_*/binding.gyp, \
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ test/node-api/.buildstamp: $(ADDONS_PREREQS) \
 # .buildstamp is out of date and need a rebuild.
 # Just goes to show that recursive make really is harmful...
 # TODO(bnoordhuis) Force rebuild after gyp or node-gyp update.
-build-node-api-tests: | $(NODE_EXE) test/node-api/.buildstamp
+build-node-api-tests: | $(NODE_EXE) test/node-api/.buildstamp ## Build Node-API tests.
 
 BENCHMARK_NAPI_BINDING_GYPS := $(wildcard benchmark/napi/*/binding.gyp)
 
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ benchmark/napi/.buildstamp: $(ADDONS_PREREQS) \
 	@$(call run_build_addons,"$$PWD/benchmark/napi",$@)
 
 .PHONY: clear-stalled
-clear-stalled:
+clear-stalled: ## Clear any stalled processes.
 	$(info Clean up any leftover processes but don't error if found.)
 	ps awwx | grep Release/node | grep -v grep | cat
 	@PS_OUT=`ps awwx | grep Release/node | grep -v grep | awk '{print $$1}'`; \
@@ -513,20 +513,20 @@ clear-stalled:
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: test-build
-test-build: | all build-addons build-js-native-api-tests build-node-api-tests
+test-build: | all build-addons build-js-native-api-tests build-node-api-tests ## Build all tests.
 
 .PHONY: test-build-js-native-api
-test-build-js-native-api: all build-js-native-api-tests
+test-build-js-native-api: all build-js-native-api-tests ## Build JS Native-API tests.
 
 .PHONY: test-build-node-api
-test-build-node-api: all build-node-api-tests
+test-build-node-api: all build-node-api-tests ## Build Node-API tests.
 
 .PHONY: test-all
 test-all: test-build ## Run default tests with both Debug and Release builds.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=debug,release
 
 .PHONY: test-all-valgrind
-test-all-valgrind: test-build
+test-all-valgrind: test-build ## Run all tests using valgrind.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=debug,release --valgrind
 
 .PHONY: test-all-suites
@@ -545,9 +545,9 @@ else
 endif
 
 .PHONY: test-ci-native
-# Build and test addons without building anything else
+
 # Related CI job: node-test-commit-arm-fanned
-test-ci-native: LOGLEVEL := info
+test-ci-native: LOGLEVEL := info ## Build and test addons without building anything else.
 test-ci-native: | benchmark/napi/.buildstamp test/addons/.buildstamp test/js-native-api/.buildstamp test/node-api/.buildstamp
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) -p tap --logfile test.tap \
 		--mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) --flaky-tests=$(FLAKY_TESTS) \
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ test-ci-native: | benchmark/napi/.buildstamp test/addons/.buildstamp test/js-nat
 .PHONY: test-ci-js
 # This target should not use a native compiler at all
 # Related CI job: node-test-commit-arm-fanned
-test-ci-js: | clear-stalled
+test-ci-js: | clear-stalled ## Build and test JavaScript with building anything else.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) -p tap --logfile test.tap \
 		--mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) --flaky-tests=$(FLAKY_TESTS) \
 		--skip-tests=$(CI_SKIP_TESTS) \
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ test-ci-js: | clear-stalled
 
 .PHONY: test-ci
 # Related CI jobs: most CI tests, excluding node-test-commit-arm-fanned
-test-ci: LOGLEVEL := info
+test-ci: LOGLEVEL := info ## Build and test everything (CI).
 test-ci: | clear-stalled bench-addons-build build-addons build-js-native-api-tests build-node-api-tests doc-only
 	out/Release/cctest --gtest_output=xml:out/junit/cctest.xml
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) -p tap --logfile test.tap \
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ test-ci: | clear-stalled bench-addons-build build-addons build-js-native-api-tes
 .PHONY: build-ci
 # Prepare the build for running the tests.
 # Related CI jobs: most CI tests, excluding node-test-commit-arm-fanned
-build-ci:
+build-ci: ## Build everything (CI).
 	$(PYTHON) ./configure --verbose $(CONFIG_FLAGS)
 	$(MAKE)
 
@@ -601,41 +601,40 @@ build-ci:
 #
 # Using -j1 as the sub target in `test-ci` already have internal parallelism.
 # Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/23733
-run-ci: build-ci
+run-ci: build-ci ## Build and run all tests (CI).
 	$(MAKE) test-ci -j1
 
 .PHONY: test-release
 .PHONY: test-debug
-test-debug: BUILDTYPE_LOWER=debug
-test-release test-debug: test-build
+test-debug: BUILDTYPE_LOWER=debug ## Run tests on a debug build.
+test-release test-debug: test-build ## Run tests on a release or debug build.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER)
 
 .PHONY: test-wpt
-test-wpt: all
+test-wpt: all ## Run the Web Platform Tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) wpt
 
 .PHONY: test-wpt-report
-test-wpt-report:
+test-wpt-report: ## Run the Web Platform Tests and generate a report.
 	$(RM) -r out/wpt
 	mkdir -p out/wpt
 	-WPT_REPORT=1 $(PYTHON) tools/test.py --shell $(NODE) $(PARALLEL_ARGS) wpt
 	$(NODE) "$$PWD/tools/merge-wpt-reports.mjs"
 
 .PHONY: test-internet
-test-internet: all
+test-internet: all ## Run internet tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) internet
 
 .PHONY: test-tick-processor
-test-tick-processor: all
+test-tick-processor: all ## Run tick processor tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) tick-processor
 
 .PHONY: test-hash-seed
-# Verifies the hash seed used by V8 for hashing is random.
-test-hash-seed: all
+test-hash-seed: all ## Verifu that the hash seed used by V8 for hashing is random.
 	$(NODE) test/pummel/test-hash-seed.js
 
 .PHONY: test-doc
-test-doc: doc-only lint-md ## Builds, lints, and verifies the docs.
+test-doc: doc-only lint-md ## Build, lint, and verify the docs.
 	@if [ "$(shell $(node_use_openssl))" != "true" ]; then \
 		echo "Skipping test-doc (no crypto)"; \
 	else \
@@ -643,11 +642,11 @@ test-doc: doc-only lint-md ## Builds, lints, and verifies the docs.
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: test-doc-ci
-test-doc-ci: doc-only
+test-doc-ci: doc-only ## Build, lint, and verify the docs (CI).
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py --shell $(NODE) $(TEST_CI_ARGS) $(PARALLEL_ARGS) doctool
 
 .PHONY: test-known-issues
-test-known-issues: all
+test-known-issues: all ## Run tests for known issues.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) known_issues
 
 # Related CI job: node-test-npm
@@ -656,36 +655,36 @@ test-npm: $(NODE_EXE) ## Run the npm test suite on deps/npm.
 	$(NODE) tools/test-npm-package --install --logfile=test-npm.tap deps/npm test
 
 .PHONY: test-npm-publish
-test-npm-publish: $(NODE_EXE)
+test-npm-publish: $(NODE_EXE) ## Test the `npm publish` command.
 	npm_package_config_publishtest=true $(NODE) deps/npm/test/run.js
 
 .PHONY: test-js-native-api
-test-js-native-api: test-build-js-native-api
+test-js-native-api: test-build-js-native-api ## Run JS Native-API tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) js-native-api
 
 .PHONY: test-js-native-api-clean
 .NOTPARALLEL: test-js-native-api-clean
-test-js-native-api-clean:
+test-js-native-api-clean: ## Remove JS Native-API testing artifacts.
 	$(RM) -r test/js-native-api/*/build
 	$(RM) test/js-native-api/.buildstamp
 
 .PHONY: test-node-api
-test-node-api: test-build-node-api
+test-node-api: test-build-node-api ## Run Node-API tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) node-api
 
 .PHONY: test-node-api-clean
 .NOTPARALLEL: test-node-api-clean
-test-node-api-clean:
+test-node-api-clean: ## Remove Node-API testing artifacts.
 	$(RM) -r test/node-api/*/build
 	$(RM) test/node-api/.buildstamp
 
 .PHONY: test-addons
-test-addons: test-build test-js-native-api test-node-api
+test-addons: test-build test-js-native-api test-node-api ## Run addon tests.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) addons
 
 .PHONY: test-addons-clean
 .NOTPARALLEL: test-addons-clean
-test-addons-clean:
+test-addons-clean: ## Remove addon testing artifacts.
 	$(RM) -r "$(ADDONS_HEADERS_DIR)"
 	$(RM) -r test/addons/??_*/
 	$(RM) -r test/addons/*/build
@@ -694,7 +693,7 @@ test-addons-clean:
 	$(MAKE) test-node-api-clean
 
 .PHONY: test-with-async-hooks
-test-with-async-hooks:
+test-with-async-hooks: ## Run tests with async hooks.
 	$(MAKE) build-addons
 	$(MAKE) build-js-native-api-tests
 	$(MAKE) build-node-api-tests
@@ -711,7 +710,7 @@ test-with-async-hooks:
 .PHONY: test-v8-updates
 ifneq ("","$(wildcard deps/v8/tools/run-tests.py)")
 # Related CI job: node-test-commit-v8-linux
-test-v8: v8  ## Runs the V8 test suite on deps/v8.
+test-v8: v8  ## Run the V8 test suite on deps/v8.
 	export PATH="$(NO_BIN_OVERRIDE_PATH)" && \
 		$(PYTHON) deps/v8/tools/run-tests.py --gn --arch=$(V8_ARCH) $(V8_TEST_OPTIONS) \
 				mjsunit cctest debugger inspector message preparser \
@@ -720,24 +719,24 @@ test-v8: v8  ## Runs the V8 test suite on deps/v8.
 	$(info Testing hash seed)
 	$(MAKE) test-hash-seed
 
-test-v8-intl: v8
+test-v8-intl: v8 ## Run the v8 test suite, intl tests.
 	export PATH="$(NO_BIN_OVERRIDE_PATH)" && \
 		$(PYTHON) deps/v8/tools/run-tests.py --gn --arch=$(V8_ARCH) \
 				intl \
 				$(TAP_V8_INTL)
 	$(call convert_to_junit,$(TAP_V8_INTL_JSON))
 
-test-v8-benchmarks: v8
+test-v8-benchmarks: v8 ## Run the v8 test suite, benchmarks.
 	export PATH="$(NO_BIN_OVERRIDE_PATH)" && \
 		$(PYTHON) deps/v8/tools/run-tests.py --gn --arch=$(V8_ARCH) \
 				benchmarks \
 				$(TAP_V8_BENCHMARKS)
 	$(call convert_to_junit,$(TAP_V8_BENCHMARKS_JSON))
 
-test-v8-updates:
+test-v8-updates: ## Run the v8 test suite, updates.
 	$(PYTHON) tools/test.py $(PARALLEL_ARGS) --mode=$(BUILDTYPE_LOWER) v8-updates
 
-test-v8-all: test-v8 test-v8-intl test-v8-benchmarks test-v8-updates
+test-v8-all: test-v8 test-v8-intl test-v8-benchmarks test-v8-updates ## Run the entire V8 test suite, including intl, benchmarks, and updates.
 # runs all v8 tests
 else
 test-v8 test-v8-intl test-v8-benchmarks test-v8-all:
@@ -761,7 +760,7 @@ tools/doc/node_modules: tools/doc/package.json
 
 .PHONY: doc-only
 doc-only: tools/doc/node_modules \
-	$(apidoc_dirs) $(apiassets)  ## Builds the docs with the local or the global Node.js binary.
+	$(apidoc_dirs) $(apiassets) ## Build the docs with the local or the global Node.js binary.
 	@if [ "$(shell $(node_use_openssl))" != "true" ]; then \
 		echo "Skipping doc-only (no crypto)"; \
 	else \
@@ -769,7 +768,7 @@ doc-only: tools/doc/node_modules \
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: doc
-doc: $(NODE_EXE) doc-only
+doc: $(NODE_EXE) doc-only ## Build Node.js, and then build the documentation with the new binary.
 
 out/doc:
 	mkdir -p $@
@@ -841,16 +840,16 @@ out/doc/api/stability: out/doc/api/all.json tools/doc/stability.mjs | out/doc/ap
 	fi
 
 .PHONY: docopen
-docopen: out/doc/api/all.html
+docopen: out/doc/api/all.html ## Open the documentation in a web browser.
 	@$(PYTHON) -mwebbrowser file://$(abspath $<)
 
 .PHONY: docserve
-docserve: $(apidocs_html) $(apiassets)
+docserve: $(apidocs_html) $(apiassets) ## Serve the documentation on localhost:8000.
 	@$(PYTHON) -m http.server 8000 --bind 127.0.0.1 --directory out/doc/api
 
 .PHONY: docclean
 .NOTPARALLEL: docclean
-docclean:
+docclean: ## Remove the generated documentation.
 	$(RM) -r out/doc
 	$(RM) "$(VERSIONS_DATA)"
 
@@ -1032,7 +1031,7 @@ endif
 endif
 
 .PHONY: release-only
-release-only: check-xz
+release-only: check-xz ## Prepare Node.js for release.
 	@if [ "$(DISTTYPE)" = "release" ] && `grep -q REPLACEME doc/api/*.md`; then \
 		echo 'Please update REPLACEME tags in the following doc/api/*.md files (See doc/contributing/releases.md):\n' ; \
 		REPLACEMES="$(shell grep -l REPLACEME doc/api/*.md)" ; \
@@ -1151,11 +1150,10 @@ endif
 	sh tools/osx-notarize.sh $(FULLVERSION)
 
 .PHONY: pkg
-# Builds the macOS installer for releases.
-pkg: $(PKG)
+pkg: $(PKG) ## Build the macOS installer for releases.
 
 .PHONY: corepack-update
-corepack-update:
+corepack-update: ## Update Corepack to the latest version.
 	mkdir -p /tmp/node-corepack
 	curl -qLo /tmp/node-corepack/package.tgz "$$($(call available-node,$(NPM) view corepack dist.tarball))"
 
@@ -1328,9 +1326,8 @@ endif
 bench bench-all: bench-addons-build
 	$(warning Please use benchmark/run.js or benchmark/compare.js to run the benchmarks.)
 
-# Build required addons for benchmark before running it.
 .PHONY: bench-addons-build
-bench-addons-build: | $(NODE_EXE) benchmark/napi/.buildstamp
+bench-addons-build: | $(NODE_EXE) benchmark/napi/.buildstamp ## Build required addons for benchmark before running it.
 
 .PHONY: bench-addons-clean
 .NOTPARALLEL: bench-addons-clean
@@ -1371,13 +1368,11 @@ tools/.mdlintstamp: $(LINT_MD_FILES)
 	@touch $@
 
 .PHONY: lint-md
-# Lints the markdown documents maintained by us in the codebase.
-lint-md: lint-js-doc | tools/.mdlintstamp
+lint-md: lint-js-doc | tools/.mdlintstamp ## Lint the markdown documents maintained by us in the codebase.
 
 run-format-md = tools/lint-md/lint-md.mjs --format $(LINT_MD_FILES)
 .PHONY: format-md
-# Formats the markdown documents maintained by us in the codebase.
-format-md:
+format-md: ## Format the markdown documents maintained by us in the codebase.
 	@$(call available-node,$(run-format-md))
 
 
@@ -1392,15 +1387,14 @@ tools/eslint/node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js: tools/eslint/package-lock.json
 	-cd tools/eslint && $(call available-node,$(run-npm-ci))
 
 .PHONY: lint-js-fix
-lint-js-fix: tools/eslint/node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js
+lint-js-fix: tools/eslint/node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js ## Lint and fix the JavaScript code with eslint./eslint/bin/eslint.js
 	@$(call available-node,$(run-lint-js-fix))
 
 .PHONY: lint-js
 .PHONY: lint-js-doc
 # Note that on the CI `lint-js-ci` is run instead.
-# Lints the JavaScript code with eslint.
 lint-js-doc: LINT_JS_TARGETS=doc
-lint-js lint-js-doc: tools/eslint/node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js
+lint-js lint-js-doc: tools/eslint/node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint.js ## Lint the JavaScript code with eslint./eslint/bin/eslint.js
 	@if [ "$(shell $(node_use_openssl))" != "true" ]; then \
 		echo "Skipping $@ (no crypto)"; \
 	else \
@@ -1475,12 +1469,12 @@ FORMAT_CPP_FILES += $(wildcard \
 ADDON_DOC_LINT_FLAGS=-whitespace/ending_newline,-build/header_guard
 
 .PHONY: format-cpp-build
-format-cpp-build:
+format-cpp-build: ## Build 'clang-format' tooling for C++ code formatting.
 	cd tools/clang-format && $(call available-node,$(run-npm-ci))
 
 .PHONY: format-cpp-clean
 .NOTPARALLEL: format-cpp-clean
-format-cpp-clean:
+format-cpp-clean: ## Remove 'clang-format' tooling for C++ code formatting.
 	$(RM) -r tools/clang-format/node_modules
 
 CLANG_FORMAT_START ?= HEAD
@@ -1491,7 +1485,7 @@ CLANG_FORMAT_START ?= HEAD
 #  $ CLANG_FORMAT_START=`git rev-parse HEAD~1` make format-cpp
 # To format diff between main and current branch head (main...HEAD):
 #  $ CLANG_FORMAT_START=main make format-cpp
-format-cpp: ## Format C++ diff from $CLANG_FORMAT_START to current changes
+format-cpp: ## Format C++ diff from $CLANG_FORMAT_START to current changes.
 ifneq ("","$(wildcard tools/clang-format/node_modules/)")
 	$(info Formatting C++ diff from $(CLANG_FORMAT_START)..)
 	@$(PYTHON) tools/clang-format/node_modules/.bin/git-clang-format \
@@ -1510,8 +1504,7 @@ else
 CPPLINT_QUIET = --quiet
 endif
 .PHONY: lint-cpp
-# Lints the C++ code with cpplint.py and checkimports.py.
-lint-cpp: tools/.cpplintstamp
+lint-cpp: tools/.cpplintstamp ## Lint the C++ code with cpplint.py and checkimports.py.
 
 tools/.cpplintstamp: $(LINT_CPP_FILES)
 	$(info Running C++ linter...)
@@ -1520,7 +1513,7 @@ tools/.cpplintstamp: $(LINT_CPP_FILES)
 	@touch $@
 
 .PHONY: lint-addon-docs
-lint-addon-docs: tools/.doclintstamp
+lint-addon-docs: tools/.doclintstamp ## Lint the addon documentation.
 
 tools/.doclintstamp: test/addons/.docbuildstamp
 	$(info Running C++ linter on addon docs...)
@@ -1534,7 +1527,7 @@ cpplint: lint-cpp
 .PHONY: lint-py-build
 # python -m pip install ruff
 # Try with '--system' if it fails without; the system may have set '--user'
-lint-py-build:
+lint-py-build: ## Build resources needed to lint python files.
 	$(info Pip installing ruff on $(shell $(PYTHON) --version)...)
 	$(PYTHON) -m pip install --upgrade --target tools/pip/site-packages ruff==0.6.5 || \
 		$(PYTHON) -m pip install --upgrade --system --target tools/pip/site-packages ruff==0.6.5
@@ -1559,14 +1552,13 @@ endif
 .PHONY: lint-yaml-build
 # python -m pip install yamllint
 # Try with '--system' if it fails without; the system may have set '--user'
-lint-yaml-build:
+lint-yaml-build: ## Build resources needed to lint YAML files.
 	$(info Pip installing yamllint on $(shell $(PYTHON) --version)...)
 	$(PYTHON) -m pip install --upgrade -t tools/pip/site-packages yamllint || \
 		$(PYTHON) -m pip install --upgrade --system -t tools/pip/site-packages yamllint
 
 .PHONY: lint-yaml
-# Lints the YAML files with yamllint.
-lint-yaml:
+lint-yaml: ## Lint the YAML files with yamllint.
 	@if [ -d "tools/pip/site-packages/yamllint" ]; then \
 			$(info Running YAML linter...) \
 			PYTHONPATH=tools/pip $(PYTHON) -m yamllint .; \
@@ -1605,7 +1597,7 @@ lint lint-ci:
 endif
 
 .PHONY: lint-clean
-lint-clean:
+lint-clean: ## Remove linting artifacts.
 	$(RM) tools/.*lintstamp
 	$(RM) .eslintcache
 	$(RM) -r tools/eslint/node_modules
@@ -1619,7 +1611,7 @@ DOCKER_COMMAND ?= docker run -it -v $(PWD):/node
 IS_IN_WORKTREE = $(shell grep '^gitdir: ' $(PWD)/.git 2>/dev/null)
 GIT_WORKTREE_COMMON = $(shell git rev-parse --git-common-dir)
 DOCKER_COMMAND += $(if $(IS_IN_WORKTREE), -v $(GIT_WORKTREE_COMMON):$(GIT_WORKTREE_COMMON))
-gen-openssl: ## Generate platform dependent openssl files (requires docker)
+gen-openssl: ## Generate platform dependent openssl files (requires docker).
 	docker build -t node-openssl-builder deps/openssl/config/
 	$(DOCKER_COMMAND) node-openssl-builder make -C deps/openssl/config
 else