src: revise character width calculation

- Categorize all nonspacing marks (Mn) and enclosing marks (Me) as
  0-width
- Categorize all spacing marks (Mc) as non-0-width.
- Treat soft hyphens (a format character Cf) as non-0-width.
- Do not treat all unassigned code points as 0-width; instead, let ICU
  select the default for that character per UAX #11.
- Avoid getting the General_Category of a character multiple times as it
  is an intensive operation.

Refs: http://unicode.org/reports/tr11/
PR-URL: #13918
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>

src/node_i18n.cc

@@ -601,14 +601,33 @@ static void ToASCII(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
 // newer wide characters. wcwidth, on the other hand, uses a fixed
 // algorithm that does not take things like emoji into proper
 // consideration.
+//
+// TODO(TimothyGu): Investigate Cc (C0/C1 control codes). Both VTE (used by
+// GNOME Terminal) and Konsole don't consider them to be zero-width (see refs
+// below), and when printed in VTE it is Narrow. However GNOME Terminal doesn't
+// allow it to be input. Linux's PTY terminal prints control characters as
+// Narrow rhombi.
+//
+// TODO(TimothyGu): Investigate Hangul jamo characters. Medial vowels and final
+// consonants are 0-width when combined with initial consonants; otherwise they
+// are technically Wide. But many terminals (including Konsole and
+// VTE/GLib-based) implement all medials and finals as 0-width.
+//
+// Refs: https://eev.ee/blog/2015/09/12/dark-corners-of-unicode/#combining-characters-and-character-width
+// Refs: https://github.com/GNOME/glib/blob/79e4d4c6be/glib/guniprop.c#L388-L420
+// Refs: https://github.com/KDE/konsole/blob/8c6a5d13c0/src/konsole_wcwidth.cpp#L101-L223
 static int GetColumnWidth(UChar32 codepoint,
                           bool ambiguous_as_full_width = false) {
-  if (!u_isdefined(codepoint) ||
-      u_iscntrl(codepoint) ||
-      u_getCombiningClass(codepoint) > 0 ||
-      u_hasBinaryProperty(codepoint, UCHAR_EMOJI_MODIFIER)) {
+  const auto zero_width_mask = U_GC_CC_MASK |  // C0/C1 control code
+                               U_GC_CF_MASK |  // Format control character
+                               U_GC_ME_MASK |  // Enclosing mark
+                               U_GC_MN_MASK;   // Nonspacing mark
+  if (codepoint != 0x00AD &&  // SOFT HYPHEN is Cf but not zero-width
+      ((U_MASK(u_charType(codepoint)) & zero_width_mask) ||
+       u_hasBinaryProperty(codepoint, UCHAR_EMOJI_MODIFIER))) {
     return 0;
   }
+
   // UCHAR_EAST_ASIAN_WIDTH is the Unicode property that identifies a
   // codepoint as being full width, wide, ambiguous, neutral, narrow,
   // or halfwidth.

test/parallel/test-icu-stringwidth.js

@@ -11,13 +11,43 @@ const assert = require('assert');
 const readline = require('internal/readline');
 
 // Test column width
+
+// Ll (Lowercase Letter): LATIN SMALL LETTER A
 assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('a'), 1);
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x0061), 1);
+// Lo (Other Letter)
 assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('丁'), 2);
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x4E01), 2);
+// Surrogate pairs
 assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('\ud83d\udc78\ud83c\udfff'), 2);
 assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('👅'), 2);
+// Cs (Surrogate): High Surrogate
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('\ud83d'), 1);
+// Cs (Surrogate): Low Surrogate
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('\udc78'), 1);
+// Cc (Control): NULL
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0), 0);
+// Cc (Control): BELL
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x0007), 0);
+// Cc (Control): LINE FEED
 assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('\n'), 0);
+// Cf (Format): SOFT HYPHEN
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x00AD), 1);
+// Cf (Format): LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK
+// Cf (Format): RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK
 assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth('\u200Ef\u200F'), 1);
-assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(97), 1);
+// Cn (Unassigned): Not a character
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x10FFEF), 1);
+// Cn (Unassigned): Not a character (but in a CJK range)
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x3FFEF), 2);
+// Mn (Nonspacing Mark): COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x0301), 0);
+// Mc (Spacing Mark): BALINESE ADEG ADEG
+// Chosen as its Canonical_Combining_Class is not 0, but is not a 0-width
+// character.
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x1B44), 1);
+// Me (Enclosing Mark): COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE
+assert.strictEqual(readline.getStringWidth(0x20DD), 0);
 
 // The following is an emoji sequence. In some implementations, it is
 // represented as a single glyph, in other implementations as a sequence