test: add coverage for child_process bounds check

Make sure that monkey-patching process.execArgv doesn't cause
child_process to incorrectly munge execArgv in fork().

This basically is adding coverage for an `index > 0` check (see Refs).
Previously, that condition was never false in any of the tests.

PR-URL: #11800
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Colin Ihrig <cjihrig@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gibson Fahnestock <gibfahn@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Yuta Hiroto <hello@about-hiroppy.com>
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/c67207731f16a78f6cae90e49c53b10728241ecf/lib/child_process.js#L76

Author: Trott

test/parallel/test-cli-eval.js

@@ -117,6 +117,17 @@ child.exec(`${nodejs} --use-strict -p process.execArgv`,
                assert.strictEqual(stdout, '');
                assert.strictEqual(stderr, '');
              }));
+
+  // Make sure that monkey-patching process.execArgv doesn't cause child_process
+  // to incorrectly munge execArgv.
+  child.exec(
+    `${nodejs} -e "process.execArgv = ['-e', 'console.log(42)', 'thirdArg'];` +
+                  `require('child_process').fork('${emptyFile}')"`,
+    common.mustCall((err, stdout, stderr) => {
+      assert.ifError(err);
+      assert.strictEqual(stdout, '42\n');
+      assert.strictEqual(stderr, '');
+    }));
 }
 
 // Regression test for https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/8534.