test_runner: don't exceed call stack when filtering

This commit updates filteredRun() to call postRun() after a
microtask instead of synchronously. Currently, if approximately
1,545 subtests are filtered, enough synchronous calls can be
made to cause a call stack exceeded exception.

PR-URL: #52488
Reviewed-By: Yagiz Nizipli <yagiz.nizipli@sentry.io>
Reviewed-By: Chemi Atlow <chemi@atlow.co.il>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Marco Ippolito <marcoippolito54@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Moshe Atlow <moshe@atlow.co.il>

lib/internal/test_runner/test.js

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ const {
 } = primordials;
 const { getCallerLocation } = internalBinding('util');
 const { addAbortListener } = require('internal/events/abort_listener');
+const { queueMicrotask } = require('internal/process/task_queues');
 const { AsyncResource } = require('async_hooks');
 const { AbortController } = require('internal/abort_controller');
 const {
@@ -673,7 +674,7 @@ class Test extends AsyncResource {
     this.pass();
     this.subtests = [];
     this.report = noop;
-    this.postRun();
+    queueMicrotask(() => this.postRun());
   }
 
   async run() {