diff --git a/src/env.h b/src/env.h
index a50e2a83e332cf..5359436be31e76 100644
--- a/src/env.h
+++ b/src/env.h
@@ -534,6 +534,7 @@ struct SnapshotData {
   bool Check() const;
   static bool FromFile(SnapshotData* out, FILE* in);
   static bool FromBlob(SnapshotData* out, const std::vector<char>& in);
+  static bool FromBlob(SnapshotData* out, std::string_view in);
   static const SnapshotData* FromEmbedderWrapper(
       const EmbedderSnapshotData* data);
   EmbedderSnapshotData::Pointer AsEmbedderWrapper() const;
diff --git a/src/node_snapshotable.cc b/src/node_snapshotable.cc
index 0c842a86315f37..6302fa04c4d0a1 100644
--- a/src/node_snapshotable.cc
+++ b/src/node_snapshotable.cc
@@ -140,16 +140,15 @@ std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& output, const EnvSerializeInfo& i) {
   return output;
 }
 
-class SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
+class BlobSerializerDeserializer {
  public:
-  SnapshotSerializerDeserializer()
-      : is_debug(per_process::enabled_debug_list.enabled(
-            DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT)) {}
+  explicit BlobSerializerDeserializer(bool is_debug_v) : is_debug(is_debug_v) {}
 
   template <typename... Args>
   void Debug(const char* format, Args&&... args) const {
-    per_process::Debug(
-        DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT, format, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    if (is_debug) {
+      FPrintF(stderr, format, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
   }
 
   template <typename T>
@@ -185,18 +184,28 @@ class SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
   bool is_debug = false;
 };
 
-class SnapshotDeserializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
+// TODO(joyeecheung): move it to the separate header file.
+// Child classes are expected to implement T Read<T>() where
+// !std::is_arithmetic_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<T, std::string>
+template <typename Impl>
+class BlobDeserializer : public BlobSerializerDeserializer {
  public:
-  explicit SnapshotDeserializer(const std::vector<char>& s)
-      : SnapshotSerializerDeserializer(), sink(s) {}
-  ~SnapshotDeserializer() {}
+  explicit BlobDeserializer(bool is_debug_v, std::string_view s)
+      : BlobSerializerDeserializer(is_debug_v), sink(s) {}
+  ~BlobDeserializer() {}
+
+  size_t read_total = 0;
+  std::string_view sink;
+
+  Impl* impl() { return static_cast<Impl*>(this); }
+  const Impl* impl() const { return static_cast<const Impl*>(this); }
 
   // Helper for reading numeric types.
   template <typename T>
-  T Read() {
+  T ReadArithmetic() {
     static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "Not an arithmetic type");
     T result;
-    Read(&result, 1);
+    ReadArithmetic(&result, 1);
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -209,14 +218,19 @@ class SnapshotDeserializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
       std::string name = GetName<T>();
       Debug("\nReadVector<%s>()(%d-byte)\n", name.c_str(), sizeof(T));
     }
-    size_t count = static_cast<size_t>(Read<size_t>());
+    size_t count = static_cast<size_t>(ReadArithmetic<size_t>());
     if (count == 0) {
       return std::vector<T>();
     }
     if (is_debug) {
       Debug("Reading %d vector elements...\n", count);
     }
-    std::vector<T> result = ReadVector<T>(count, std::is_arithmetic<T>{});
+    std::vector<T> result;
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<T>) {
+      result = ReadArithmeticVector<T>(count);
+    } else {
+      result = ReadNonArithmeticVector<T>(count);
+    }
     if (is_debug) {
       std::string str = std::is_arithmetic_v<T> ? "" : ToStr(result);
       std::string name = GetName<T>();
@@ -226,7 +240,7 @@ class SnapshotDeserializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
   }
 
   std::string ReadString() {
-    size_t length = Read<size_t>();
+    size_t length = ReadArithmetic<size_t>();
 
     if (is_debug) {
       Debug("ReadString(), length=%d: ", length);
@@ -245,13 +259,9 @@ class SnapshotDeserializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
     return result;
   }
 
-  size_t read_total = 0;
-  const std::vector<char>& sink;
-
- private:
   // Helper for reading an array of numeric types.
   template <typename T>
-  void Read(T* out, size_t count) {
+  void ReadArithmetic(T* out, size_t count) {
     static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "Not an arithmetic type");
     DCHECK_GT(count, 0);  // Should not read contents for vectors of size 0.
     if (is_debug) {
@@ -272,17 +282,18 @@ class SnapshotDeserializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
 
   // Helper for reading numeric vectors.
   template <typename Number>
-  std::vector<Number> ReadVector(size_t count, std::true_type) {
+  std::vector<Number> ReadArithmeticVector(size_t count) {
     static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<Number>, "Not an arithmetic type");
     DCHECK_GT(count, 0);  // Should not read contents for vectors of size 0.
     std::vector<Number> result(count);
-    Read(result.data(), count);
+    ReadArithmetic(result.data(), count);
     return result;
   }
 
+ private:
   // Helper for reading non-numeric vectors.
   template <typename T>
-  std::vector<T> ReadVector(size_t count, std::false_type) {
+  std::vector<T> ReadNonArithmeticVector(size_t count) {
     static_assert(!std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "Arithmetic type");
     DCHECK_GT(count, 0);  // Should not read contents for vectors of size 0.
     std::vector<T> result;
@@ -293,29 +304,49 @@ class SnapshotDeserializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
       if (is_debug) {
         Debug("\n[%d] ", i);
       }
-      result.push_back(Read<T>());
+      result.push_back(ReadElement<T>());
     }
     is_debug = original_is_debug;
 
     return result;
   }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  T ReadElement() {
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<T>) {
+      return ReadArithmetic<T>();
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::string>) {
+      return ReadString();
+    } else {
+      return impl()->template Read<T>();
+    }
+  }
 };
 
-class SnapshotSerializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
+// TODO(joyeecheung): move it to the separate header file.
+// Child classes are expected to implement size_t Write<T>(const T&) where
+// !std::is_arithmetic_v<T> && !std::is_same_v<T, std::string>
+template <typename Impl>
+class BlobSerializer : public BlobSerializerDeserializer {
  public:
-  SnapshotSerializer() : SnapshotSerializerDeserializer() {
+  explicit BlobSerializer(bool is_debug_v)
+      : BlobSerializerDeserializer(is_debug_v) {
     // Currently the snapshot blob built with an empty script is around 4MB.
     // So use that as the default sink size.
     sink.reserve(4 * 1024 * 1024);
   }
-  ~SnapshotSerializer() {}
+  ~BlobSerializer() {}
+
+  Impl* impl() { return static_cast<Impl*>(this); }
+  const Impl* impl() const { return static_cast<const Impl*>(this); }
+
   std::vector<char> sink;
 
   // Helper for writing numeric types.
   template <typename T>
-  size_t Write(const T& data) {
+  size_t WriteArithmetic(const T& data) {
     static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "Not an arithmetic type");
-    return Write(&data, 1);
+    return WriteArithmetic(&data, 1);
   }
 
   // Layout of vectors:
@@ -333,11 +364,16 @@ class SnapshotSerializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
             str.c_str());
     }
 
-    size_t written_total = Write<size_t>(data.size());
+    size_t written_total = WriteArithmetic<size_t>(data.size());
     if (data.size() == 0) {
       return written_total;
     }
-    written_total += WriteVector<T>(data, std::is_arithmetic<T>{});
+
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<T>) {
+      written_total += WriteArithmeticVector<T>(data);
+    } else {
+      written_total += WriteNonArithmeticVector<T>(data);
+    }
 
     if (is_debug) {
       std::string name = GetName<T>();
@@ -352,7 +388,7 @@ class SnapshotSerializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
   // [ |length| bytes ] contents
   size_t WriteString(const std::string& data) {
     CHECK_GT(data.size(), 0);  // No empty strings should be written.
-    size_t written_total = Write<size_t>(data.size());
+    size_t written_total = WriteArithmetic<size_t>(data.size());
     if (is_debug) {
       std::string str = ToStr(data);
       Debug("WriteString(), length=%zu: \"%s\"\n", data.size(), data.c_str());
@@ -370,10 +406,10 @@ class SnapshotSerializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
     return written_total;
   }
 
- private:
   // Helper for writing an array of numeric types.
   template <typename T>
-  size_t Write(const T* data, size_t count) {
+  size_t WriteArithmetic(const T* data, size_t count) {
+    static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "Arithmetic type");
     DCHECK_GT(count, 0);  // Should not write contents for vectors of size 0.
     if (is_debug) {
       std::string str =
@@ -398,13 +434,16 @@ class SnapshotSerializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
 
   // Helper for writing numeric vectors.
   template <typename Number>
-  size_t WriteVector(const std::vector<Number>& data, std::true_type) {
-    return Write(data.data(), data.size());
+  size_t WriteArithmeticVector(const std::vector<Number>& data) {
+    static_assert(std::is_arithmetic_v<Number>, "Arithmetic type");
+    return WriteArithmetic(data.data(), data.size());
   }
 
+ private:
   // Helper for writing non-numeric vectors.
   template <typename T>
-  size_t WriteVector(const std::vector<T>& data, std::false_type) {
+  size_t WriteNonArithmeticVector(const std::vector<T>& data) {
+    static_assert(!std::is_arithmetic_v<T>, "Arithmetic type");
     DCHECK_GT(data.size(),
               0);  // Should not write contents for vectors of size 0.
     size_t written_total = 0;
@@ -414,25 +453,50 @@ class SnapshotSerializer : public SnapshotSerializerDeserializer {
       if (is_debug) {
         Debug("\n[%d] ", i);
       }
-      written_total += Write<T>(data[i]);
+      written_total += WriteElement<T>(data[i]);
     }
     is_debug = original_is_debug;
 
     return written_total;
   }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  size_t WriteElement(const T& data) {
+    if constexpr (std::is_arithmetic_v<T>) {
+      return WriteArithmetic<T>(data);
+    } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, std::string>) {
+      return WriteString(data);
+    } else {
+      return impl()->template Write<T>(data);
+    }
+  }
 };
 
-// Layout of serialized std::string:
-// [  4/8 bytes     ] length
-// [ |length| bytes ] contents
-template <>
-std::string SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  return ReadString();
-}
-template <>
-size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const std::string& data) {
-  return WriteString(data);
-}
+class SnapshotDeserializer : public BlobDeserializer<SnapshotDeserializer> {
+ public:
+  explicit SnapshotDeserializer(std::string_view v)
+      : BlobDeserializer<SnapshotDeserializer>(
+            per_process::enabled_debug_list.enabled(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT),
+            v) {}
+
+  template <typename T,
+            std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<T, std::string>::value>* = nullptr,
+            std::enable_if_t<!std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>* = nullptr>
+  T Read();
+};
+
+class SnapshotSerializer : public BlobSerializer<SnapshotSerializer> {
+ public:
+  SnapshotSerializer()
+      : BlobSerializer<SnapshotSerializer>(
+            per_process::enabled_debug_list.enabled(
+                DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT)) {}
+
+  template <typename T,
+            std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<T, std::string>::value>* = nullptr,
+            std::enable_if_t<!std::is_arithmetic<T>::value>* = nullptr>
+  size_t Write(const T& data);
+};
 
 // Layout of v8::StartupData
 // [  4/8 bytes       ] raw_size
@@ -441,13 +505,13 @@ template <>
 v8::StartupData SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
   Debug("Read<v8::StartupData>()\n");
 
-  int raw_size = Read<int>();
+  int raw_size = ReadArithmetic<int>();
   Debug("size=%d\n", raw_size);
 
   CHECK_GT(raw_size, 0);  // There should be no startup data of size 0.
   // The data pointer of v8::StartupData would be deleted so it must be new'ed.
   std::unique_ptr<char> buf = std::unique_ptr<char>(new char[raw_size]);
-  Read<char>(buf.get(), raw_size);
+  ReadArithmetic<char>(buf.get(), raw_size);
 
   return v8::StartupData{buf.release(), raw_size};
 }
@@ -457,8 +521,9 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const v8::StartupData& data) {
   Debug("\nWrite<v8::StartupData>() size=%d\n", data.raw_size);
 
   CHECK_GT(data.raw_size, 0);  // There should be no startup data of size 0.
-  size_t written_total = Write<int>(data.raw_size);
-  written_total += Write<char>(data.data, static_cast<size_t>(data.raw_size));
+  size_t written_total = WriteArithmetic<int>(data.raw_size);
+  written_total +=
+      WriteArithmetic<char>(data.data, static_cast<size_t>(data.raw_size));
 
   Debug("Write<v8::StartupData>() wrote %d bytes\n\n", written_total);
   return written_total;
@@ -508,8 +573,8 @@ PropInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
 
   PropInfo result;
   result.name = ReadString();
-  result.id = Read<uint32_t>();
-  result.index = Read<SnapshotIndex>();
+  result.id = ReadArithmetic<uint32_t>();
+  result.index = ReadArithmetic<SnapshotIndex>();
 
   if (is_debug) {
     std::string str = ToStr(result);
@@ -527,8 +592,8 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const PropInfo& data) {
   }
 
   size_t written_total = WriteString(data.name);
-  written_total += Write<uint32_t>(data.id);
-  written_total += Write<SnapshotIndex>(data.index);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<uint32_t>(data.id);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<SnapshotIndex>(data.index);
 
   Debug("Write<PropInfo>() wrote %d bytes\n", written_total);
   return written_total;
@@ -547,10 +612,10 @@ AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
   Debug("Read<AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo>()\n");
 
   AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo result;
-  result.async_ids_stack = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.fields = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.async_id_fields = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.js_execution_async_resources = Read<SnapshotIndex>();
+  result.async_ids_stack = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.fields = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.async_id_fields = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.js_execution_async_resources = ReadArithmetic<SnapshotIndex>();
   result.native_execution_async_resources = ReadVector<SnapshotIndex>();
 
   if (is_debug) {
@@ -567,10 +632,12 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo& data) {
     Debug("Write<AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo>() %s\n", str.c_str());
   }
 
-  size_t written_total = Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.async_ids_stack);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.fields);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.async_id_fields);
-  written_total += Write<SnapshotIndex>(data.js_execution_async_resources);
+  size_t written_total =
+      WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.async_ids_stack);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.fields);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.async_id_fields);
+  written_total +=
+      WriteArithmetic<SnapshotIndex>(data.js_execution_async_resources);
   written_total +=
       WriteVector<SnapshotIndex>(data.native_execution_async_resources);
 
@@ -585,7 +652,7 @@ TickInfo::SerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
   Debug("Read<TickInfo::SerializeInfo>()\n");
 
   TickInfo::SerializeInfo result;
-  result.fields = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.fields = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
 
   if (is_debug) {
     std::string str = ToStr(result);
@@ -602,7 +669,7 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const TickInfo::SerializeInfo& data) {
     Debug("Write<TickInfo::SerializeInfo>() %s\n", str.c_str());
   }
 
-  size_t written_total = Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.fields);
+  size_t written_total = WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.fields);
 
   Debug("Write<TickInfo::SerializeInfo>() wrote %d bytes\n", written_total);
   return written_total;
@@ -612,11 +679,10 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const TickInfo::SerializeInfo& data) {
 // [ 4/8 bytes ]  snapshot index of fields
 template <>
 ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  per_process::Debug(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT,
-                     "Read<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>()\n");
+  Debug("Read<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>()\n");
 
   ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo result;
-  result.fields = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.fields = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
   if (is_debug) {
     std::string str = ToStr(result);
     Debug("Read<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>() %s\n", str.c_str());
@@ -631,7 +697,7 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo& data) {
     Debug("Write<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>() %s\n", str.c_str());
   }
 
-  size_t written_total = Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.fields);
+  size_t written_total = WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.fields);
 
   Debug("Write<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>() wrote %d bytes\n",
         written_total);
@@ -644,13 +710,12 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo& data) {
 // [ 4/8 bytes ]  snapshot index of observers
 template <>
 performance::PerformanceState::SerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  per_process::Debug(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT,
-                     "Read<PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>()\n");
+  Debug("Read<PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>()\n");
 
   performance::PerformanceState::SerializeInfo result;
-  result.root = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.milestones = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.observers = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.root = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.milestones = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.observers = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
   if (is_debug) {
     std::string str = ToStr(result);
     Debug("Read<PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>() %s\n", str.c_str());
@@ -666,9 +731,9 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(
     Debug("Write<PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>() %s\n", str.c_str());
   }
 
-  size_t written_total = Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.root);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.milestones);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.observers);
+  size_t written_total = WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.root);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.milestones);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.observers);
 
   Debug("Write<PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>() wrote %d bytes\n",
         written_total);
@@ -682,8 +747,7 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(
 // [    ...    ]  |length| of PropInfo data
 template <>
 IsolateDataSerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  per_process::Debug(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT,
-                     "Read<IsolateDataSerializeInfo>()\n");
+  Debug("Read<IsolateDataSerializeInfo>()\n");
 
   IsolateDataSerializeInfo result;
   result.primitive_values = ReadVector<SnapshotIndex>();
@@ -711,12 +775,12 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const IsolateDataSerializeInfo& data) {
 
 template <>
 RealmSerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  per_process::Debug(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT, "Read<RealmSerializeInfo>()\n");
+  Debug("Read<RealmSerializeInfo>()\n");
   RealmSerializeInfo result;
   result.builtins = ReadVector<std::string>();
   result.persistent_values = ReadVector<PropInfo>();
   result.native_objects = ReadVector<PropInfo>();
-  result.context = Read<SnapshotIndex>();
+  result.context = ReadArithmetic<SnapshotIndex>();
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -731,7 +795,7 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const RealmSerializeInfo& data) {
   size_t written_total = WriteVector<std::string>(data.builtins);
   written_total += WriteVector<PropInfo>(data.persistent_values);
   written_total += WriteVector<PropInfo>(data.native_objects);
-  written_total += Write<SnapshotIndex>(data.context);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<SnapshotIndex>(data.context);
 
   Debug("Write<RealmSerializeInfo>() wrote %d bytes\n", written_total);
   return written_total;
@@ -739,17 +803,17 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const RealmSerializeInfo& data) {
 
 template <>
 EnvSerializeInfo SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  per_process::Debug(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT, "Read<EnvSerializeInfo>()\n");
+  Debug("Read<EnvSerializeInfo>()\n");
   EnvSerializeInfo result;
   result.async_hooks = Read<AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo>();
   result.tick_info = Read<TickInfo::SerializeInfo>();
   result.immediate_info = Read<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>();
-  result.timeout_info = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.timeout_info = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
   result.performance_state =
       Read<performance::PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>();
-  result.exit_info = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.stream_base_state = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
-  result.should_abort_on_uncaught_toggle = Read<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.exit_info = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.stream_base_state = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
+  result.should_abort_on_uncaught_toggle = ReadArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>();
   result.principal_realm = Read<RealmSerializeInfo>();
   return result;
 }
@@ -765,13 +829,13 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const EnvSerializeInfo& data) {
   size_t written_total = Write<AsyncHooks::SerializeInfo>(data.async_hooks);
   written_total += Write<TickInfo::SerializeInfo>(data.tick_info);
   written_total += Write<ImmediateInfo::SerializeInfo>(data.immediate_info);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.timeout_info);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.timeout_info);
   written_total += Write<performance::PerformanceState::SerializeInfo>(
       data.performance_state);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.exit_info);
-  written_total += Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.stream_base_state);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.exit_info);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.stream_base_state);
   written_total +=
-      Write<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.should_abort_on_uncaught_toggle);
+      WriteArithmetic<AliasedBufferIndex>(data.should_abort_on_uncaught_toggle);
   written_total += Write<RealmSerializeInfo>(data.principal_realm);
 
   Debug("Write<EnvSerializeInfo>() wrote %d bytes\n", written_total);
@@ -789,14 +853,14 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const EnvSerializeInfo& data) {
 // [  4 bytes  ]  v8 cache version tag
 template <>
 SnapshotMetadata SnapshotDeserializer::Read() {
-  per_process::Debug(DebugCategory::MKSNAPSHOT, "Read<SnapshotMetadata>()\n");
+  Debug("Read<SnapshotMetadata>()\n");
 
   SnapshotMetadata result;
-  result.type = static_cast<SnapshotMetadata::Type>(Read<uint8_t>());
+  result.type = static_cast<SnapshotMetadata::Type>(ReadArithmetic<uint8_t>());
   result.node_version = ReadString();
   result.node_arch = ReadString();
   result.node_platform = ReadString();
-  result.v8_cache_version_tag = Read<uint32_t>();
+  result.v8_cache_version_tag = ReadArithmetic<uint32_t>();
 
   if (is_debug) {
     std::string str = ToStr(result);
@@ -816,7 +880,7 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const SnapshotMetadata& data) {
   // Node.js may perform synchronizations that are platform-specific and they
   // can be changed in semver-patches.
   Debug("Write snapshot type %" PRIu8 "\n", static_cast<uint8_t>(data.type));
-  written_total += Write<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(data.type));
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<uint8_t>(static_cast<uint8_t>(data.type));
   Debug("Write Node.js version %s\n", data.node_version.c_str());
   written_total += WriteString(data.node_version);
   Debug("Write Node.js arch %s\n", data.node_arch);
@@ -825,7 +889,7 @@ size_t SnapshotSerializer::Write(const SnapshotMetadata& data) {
   written_total += WriteString(data.node_platform);
   Debug("Write V8 cached data version tag %" PRIx32 "\n",
         data.v8_cache_version_tag);
-  written_total += Write<uint32_t>(data.v8_cache_version_tag);
+  written_total += WriteArithmetic<uint32_t>(data.v8_cache_version_tag);
   return written_total;
 }
 
@@ -848,7 +912,7 @@ std::vector<char> SnapshotData::ToBlob() const {
 
   // Metadata
   w.Debug("Write magic %" PRIx32 "\n", kMagic);
-  written_total += w.Write<uint32_t>(kMagic);
+  written_total += w.WriteArithmetic<uint32_t>(kMagic);
   w.Debug("Write metadata\n");
   written_total += w.Write<SnapshotMetadata>(metadata);
 
@@ -883,13 +947,17 @@ bool SnapshotData::FromFile(SnapshotData* out, FILE* in) {
 }
 
 bool SnapshotData::FromBlob(SnapshotData* out, const std::vector<char>& in) {
+  return FromBlob(out, std::string_view(in.data(), in.size()));
+}
+
+bool SnapshotData::FromBlob(SnapshotData* out, std::string_view in) {
   SnapshotDeserializer r(in);
   r.Debug("SnapshotData::FromBlob()\n");
 
   DCHECK_EQ(out->data_ownership, SnapshotData::DataOwnership::kOwned);
 
   // Metadata
-  uint32_t magic = r.Read<uint32_t>();
+  uint32_t magic = r.ReadArithmetic<uint32_t>();
   r.Debug("Read magic %" PRIx32 "\n", magic);
   CHECK_EQ(magic, kMagic);
   out->metadata = r.Read<SnapshotMetadata>();