updates

Author: nocomplexity

_config.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # Book settings
 title                       : Free and Open Machine Learning # The title of the book. Will be placed in the left navbar.
 author                      : '<a href="https://nocomplexity.com/">Maikel Mardjan (nocomplexity.com)</a>' # The author of the book
-copyright                   : '2018-2024- Maikel Mardjan -Business Management Support Foundation (bm-support.org'  # Copyright year to be placed in the footer
+copyright                   : '2018-2025- Maikel Mardjan -Business Management Support Foundation (bm-support.org'  # Copyright year to be placed in the footer
 logo                        : "images/nocxbanner.png"  # A path to the book logo
 # Patterns to skip when building the book. Can be glob-style (e.g. "*skip.ipynb")
 exclude_patterns            : [_build, Thumbs.db, .DS_Store, "**.ipynb_checkpoints","*.rst","conf.py"]
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ html:
   use_issues_button         : true  # Whether to add an "open an issue" button
   extra_navbar              : '<a href="https://bm-support.org/">ROI Now!</a>'  # Will be displayed underneath the left navbar.
 
-  extra_footer              : '<p><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a> © Copyright 2018-2024, BM-Support.org - Maikel Mardjan. This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>'
+  extra_footer              : '<p><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a> © Copyright 2018-2025, BM-Support.org - Maikel Mardjan. This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>'
 
-  google_analytics_id       : ""  # A GA id that can be used to track book views.
+  #google_analytics_id       : ""  # A GA id that can be used to track book views.
   home_page_in_navbar       : true  # Whether to include your home page in the left Navigation Bar
   baseurl                   : "https://nocomplexity.com/documents/fossml/"  # The base URL where your book will be hosted. Used for creating image previews and social links. e.g.: https://mypage.com/mybook/
   comments:
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@ sphinx:
       use_issues_button: True         
       logo:
            text: "<b>Free and Open Machine Learning</b>"
-      extra_footer: '<p><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a> <i>(c)Copyright 2018-2024, BM-Support.org - Maikel Mardjan. This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</i></a>.</p>'
+      extra_footer: '<p><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a> <i>(c)Copyright 2018-2025, BM-Support.org - Maikel Mardjan. This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</i></a>.</p>'
     epub_basename: 'Free and Open Machine Learing'
     epub_use_index: true
     epub_description: 'Free and Open Machine Learing'
     epub_author: 'Maikel Mardjan'
     epub_publisher: 'BM-Support.org'
-    epub_copyright: '© Copyright 2024, BM-Support.org. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0'
+    epub_copyright: '© Copyright 2018-2025, BM-Support.org. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0'
     epub_tocdup: true
     epub_use_index: true
     epub_tocscope: includehidden

_toc.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ parts:
   - file: introduction
   - file: whyossml
   - file: whatisml
+  - file: openmldefinition  
   - file: ml-business-use
   - file: architecture
   - file: risks

abstract.md

@@ -14,13 +14,16 @@ and Open Machine Learning gives you full control.
 This publication empowers everyone to make a head start using the
 powerful machine learning technology in a Free, Open and Simple way.
 
-```{note}
-This is a living document. A stable version of this publication (version
-1.0) is available as hard copy. You can order it at Amazon, click
+
+:::{attention} 
+This is a living document. An older stable version of this publication (version
+2020) is available as hard copy. You can still order it at Amazon, click
 [here](https://www.amazon.com/Free-Machine-Learning-Maikel-Mardjan/dp/B0863S9LQ5/ref=sr_1_2?qid=1585488090&refinements=p_27%3AMaikel+Mardjan&s=books&sr=1-2&text=Maikel+Mardjan)
-to order. So **support** this project and buy a hard copy!
-```
+to order. 
 
+But since the world of Machine Learning is heavily changed since 2020, I *advice* to read and use the online version of this PlayBook. 
+When I have time, a new hard copy of this PlayBook will be made available.
+:::
 
 Machine learning is an exciting and powerful technology. The continuous
 use and growth of machine learning technology opens new opportunities.

images/hope-and-hype.png

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# Open ML/AI Definitions 
+
+
+General accepted definitions for open ML/AI are a **must** for Free and Open ML / AI systems and software. 
+But despite several attempts there is still no general de facto accepted definition for ML/AI software and applications. 
+
+## Reasons for open ML / AI
+
+* Autonomy: FOSS ML/AI helps to develop and maintain software and models that suits your needs. Commercial ML/AI software is great, but your business goals are never exactly the same as the business goals of your vendor.
+* Share & Copy: FOSS ML/AI gives you the freedom to run,install and use the solution they way you want. Without being worried about higher payments. Calculating and predicting cost when using commercial LLMs has become complex. Due to the way tokens are counted and defined and weighted. 
+* Collaboration: FOSS ML/AI can be shared and used in a non-exclusive way by everyone, and serves the public good.
+* No Lock-in: FOSS ML/AI reinforces independence from vendors and provides choice in service providers for maintaining and hosting the software.
+* Innovation: FOSS ML/AI encourages innovation which we all benefit from.
+* Security & Privacy: FOSS ML/AI provides transparency needed to lower security and privacy risks. 
+
+
+## Problems for defining open ML/AI
+
+ML/AI systems are only a bit comparable to software. So FOSS licenses do not match. Besides data more is needed to reproduce or reuse an existing trained model.
+
+Problems with defining a real open ML/AI definition are grounded in:
+* Data and data usage:How to deal with the attribution requirement for text or images used in training data.
+
+* How to deal with ethical issues when not all training data can be made available, due to privacy restrictions. This accounts e.g. when medical data is used, or accounting data of companies or individuals is used.
+
+* What ‘open data’ licenses are acceptable to use?
+
+* How to deal with ethical and moral issues to prevent misuse of models? E.g. when a model can be misused to ease the process of creating bio weapons.
+
+* How to deal with needed transparency for all parameters used and needed to replicate, reuse or improve a model?
+
+
+## The OSI The Open Source AI Definition – 1.0
+
+The [OSI](https://opensource.org/) 1.0 definition is currently one of the best definitions available. 
+
+:::{admonition} The OSI Open Source AI Definition – 1.0 
+:class: tip
+[OSI AI Definition](https://opensource.org/ai/open-source-ai-definition) 
+:::
+
+A choice is made that full transparency and reproducibility are not part of this OSI definition. See the FAQ. You should have an opinion regarding this choice. It shows that defining an general useable open definition for ML/AI systems is different from software. 
+
+For over two years, the Open Source Initiative (OSI) has convened a global, multi-stakeholder
+process to define Open Source AI, which resulted in the release of version 1.0 of the Open Source
+AI Definition (OSAID). During this open process it became clear that organizations that
+care for open, fair and public-interest ML/AI need to pay particular attention to and establish a shared
+position on data sharing and data governance.
+
+:::{caution} 
+The OSI Open Source AI Definition is not perfect. It is and was heavily criticized. However it is a first step towards a better definition.
+The FSF is 2025 only starting a process to get to a definition. But no timeline has been set on this process.
+:::

images/ml-ai-topology.png

@@ -361,10 +361,7 @@ human-level performance. Most deep learning methods use neural network
 architectures, which is why deep learning models are often referred to
 as deep neural networks.
 
-The figure below positions Deep Learning(DL) in the spectrum of AI and
-ML.
 
-![Deep Learning](/images/deeplearning.png)
 
 ### AutoML
 
@@ -386,6 +383,40 @@ With AutoML the challenge is to turn this into:
 
 > Solution = data + 100X computation
 
+## Simple ML/AI Topology
+
+The ML/AI is flooded with terms and hypes. Using a simple conceptual model that makes sense helps.
+
+![ML-AI-Topology](/images/ml-ai-topology.png)
+
+### Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
+Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical type of AI that possesses human-level intelligence.
+An AGI could perform any intellectual task that a human being can, including learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding language.
+AGI is still largely theoretical, and there's debate about when or even if it ever will be achieved.
+
+### Artificial Intelligence
+Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad field of computer science that aims to create machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. This includes things like learning, problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding language.
+The only tangible and possible way for AI applications is driven by ML (Machine Learning). I prefer to use the term ML instead of AI to avoid discussions on what 'intelligence' is. 
+
+### Machine Learning
+
+Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI that focuses on enabling machines to learn from data without being explicitly programmed.
+Instead of relying on hard-coded rules, so called traditional software programs, ML algorithms identify patterns in data and use those patterns to make predictions or decisions. 
+
+### Deep Learning (DL)
+
+Deep learning is a specialized area within machine learning that utilizes artificial neural networks with multiple layers to analyze data and extract meaningful insights.
+
+### Generative AI (GenAI) 
+
+Generative AI (GenAI) is a type of artificial intelligence that focuses on creating new content, rather than just analyzing or acting on existing data. 
+
+### Large Language Models (LLMs)
+
+LLMs are a type of generative AI. LLMs are models that are trained on massive amounts of language data from various sources. Often various ML techniques are used for creating LLMs models. E.g. many NLP techniques are used to create LLM models for speech or text.
+
+LLMs are based on a theoretical concept called transformer model. This transformer model can encode and decode data so that the LLM can analyze and understand text by paying attention to how words and phrases relate to each other in a sequence. 
+
 ## Other common terms used in the ML world