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FAQ
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The Ethereal FAQ
Note: This is just an ASCII snapshot of the faq and may not be up to
date. Please go to http://www.ethereal.com/faq.html for the up
to date version. The version of this snapshot can be found at
the end of this document.
INDEX
General Questions:
1.1 Where can I get help?
1.2 What protocols are currently supported?
1.3 Are there any plans to support {your favorite protocol}?
1.4 Can Ethereal read capture files from {your favorite network
analyzer}?
1.5 What devices can Ethereal use to capture packets?
1.6 How do you pronounce Ethereal? Where did the name come from?
Downloading Ethereal:
2.1 I downloaded the Win32 installer, but when I try to run it, I get
an error.
2.2 When I try to download the WinPcap driver and library, I can't get
to the WinPcap Web site.
Installing Ethereal:
3.1 I installed an Ethereal RPM, but Ethereal doesn't seem to be
installed; only Tethereal is installed.
Building Ethereal:
4.1 The configure script can't find pcap.h or bpf.h, but I have
libpcap installed.
4.2 Why do I get the error
dftest_DEPENDENCIES was already defined in condition TRUE, which
implies condition HAVE_PLUGINS_TRUE
when I try to build Ethereal from CVS or a CVS snapshot?
4.3 The link fails with a number of "Output line too long." messages
followed by linker errors.
4.4 The link fails on Solaris because plugin_list is undefined.
4.5 The build fails on Windows because of conflicts between winsock.h
and winsock2.h.
4.6 I'm trying to build Ethereal 0.10.0a on Windows; why is the the
build failing with an error saying it can't find "Makefile.nmake"?
Using Ethereal:
5.1 When I use Ethereal to capture packets, I see only packets to and
from my machine, or I'm not seeing all the traffic I'm expecting to
see from or to the machine I'm trying to monitor.
5.2 I can't see any TCP packets other than packets to and from my
machine, even though another analyzer on the network sees those
packets.
5.3 I'm only seeing ARP packets when I try to capture traffic.
5.4 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why does some network interface
on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the
"Interface:" field in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start",
and/or why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that
interface?
5.5 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why do no network interfaces show
up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field in the dialog
box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
5.6 I'm running Ethereal on Windows; why doesn't my serial port/ADSL
modem/ISDN modem/show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:"
field in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
5.7 I'm running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored OS; why does some network
interface on my machine not show up in the list of interfaces in the
"Interface:" field in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start",
and/or why does Ethereal give me an error if I try to capture on that
interface?
5.8 I'm running Ethereal on a UNIX-flavored OS; why do no network
interfaces show up in the list of interfaces in the "Interface:" field
in the dialog box popped up by "Capture->Start"?
5.9 Can Ethereal capture on (my T1/E1 line, SS7 links, etc.)?
5.10 How do I put an interface into promiscuous mode?
5.11 I can set a display filter just fine, but capture filters don't
work.
5.12 I'm entering valid capture filters, but I still get "parse error"
errors.
5.13 I saved a filter and tried to use its name to filter the display,
but I got an "Unexpected end of filter string" error.
5.14 Why am I seeing lots of packets with incorrect TCP checksums?
5.15 I've just installed Ethereal, and the traffic on my local LAN is
boring.
5.16 When I run Ethereal on Solaris 8, it dies with a Bus Error when I
start it.
5.17 When I run Tethereal with the "-x" option, it crashes with an
error "** ERROR **: file print.c: line 691 (print_line): should not be
reached".
5.18 When I run Ethereal on Windows NT, it dies with a Dr. Watson
error, reporting an "Integer division by zero" exception, when I start
it.
5.19 When I try to run Ethereal, it complains about
sprint_realloc_objid being undefined.
5.20 I'm running Ethereal on Linux; why do my time stamps have only
100ms resolution, rather than 1us resolution?
5.21 I'm capturing packets on {Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me};
why are the time stamps on packets wrong?
5.22 When I try to run Ethereal on Windows, it fails to run because it
can't find packet.dll.
5.23 I'm running Ethereal on Windows NT/2000/XP/Server; my machine has
a PPP (dial-up POTS, ISDN, etc.) interface, and it shows up in the
"Interface" item in the "Capture Options" dialog box. Why can no
packets be sent on or received from that network while I'm trying to
capture traffic on that interface?
5.24 I'm running Ethereal on Windows 95/98/Me, on a machine with more
than one network adapter of the same type; Ethereal shows all of those
adapters with the same name, but I can't use any of those adapters
other than the first one.
5.25 I'm running Ethereal on Windows, and I'm not seeing any traffic
being sent by the machine running Ethereal.
5.26 I'm trying to capture traffic but I'm not seeing any.
5.27 I have an XXX network card on my machine; if I try to capture on
it, my machine crashes or resets itself.
5.28 My machine crashes or resets itself when I select "Start" from
the "Capture" menu or select "Preferences" from the "Edit" menu.
5.29 Does Ethereal work on Windows Me?
5.30 Does Ethereal work on Windows XP?
5.31 Why doesn't Ethereal correctly identify RTP packets? It shows
them only as UDP.
5.32 Why doesn't Ethereal show Yahoo Messenger packets in captures
that contain Yahoo Messenger traffic?
5.33 Why do I get the error
Gdk-ERROR **: Palettized display (256-colour) mode not supported on
Windows.
aborting....
when I try to run Ethereal on Windows?
5.34 When I capture on Windows in promiscuous mode, I can see packets
other than those sent to or from my machine; however, those packets
show up with a "Short Frame" indication, unlike packets to or from my
machine. What should I do to arrange that I see those packets in their
entirety?
5.35 I'm capturing packets on a machine on a VLAN; why don't the
packets I'm capturing have VLAN tags?
5.36 How can I capture raw 802.11 packets, including non-data
(management, beacon) packets?
5.37 I'm trying to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows; why am I not
seeing any packets?
5.38 I'm trying to capture 802.11 traffic on Windows; why am I seeing
packets received by the machine on which I'm capturing traffic, but
not packets sent by that machine?
5.39 How can I capture packets with CRC errors?
5.40 How can I capture entire frames, including the FCS?
5.41 Ethereal hangs after I stop a capture.
5.42 How can I search for, or filter, packets that have a particular
string anywhere in them?
General Questions
Q 1.1: Where can I get help?
A: Support is available on the ethereal-users mailing list.
Subscription information and archives for all of Ethereal's mailing
lists can be found at http://www.ethereal.com/lists
Q 1.2: What protocols are currently supported?
A: There are currently 512 supported protocols and media, listed
below. Descriptions can be found in the ethereal(1) man page.
3GPP2 A11
802.1q Virtual LAN
802.1x Authentication
AAL type 2 signalling protocol - Capability set 1 (Q.2630.1)
AFS (4.0) Replication Server call declarations
AIM Administrative
AIM Advertisements
AIM Buddylist Service
AIM Chat Navigation
AIM Chat Service
AIM Directory Search
AIM Generic Service
AIM ICQ
AIM Invitation Service
AIM Location
AIM Messaging
AIM OFT
AIM Popup
AIM Privacy Management Service
AIM Server Side Info
AIM Signon
AIM Statistics
AIM Translate
AIM User Lookup
ANSI A-I/F BSMAP
ANSI A-I/F DTAP
ANSI IS-637-A (SMS) Teleservice Layer
ANSI IS-637-A (SMS) Transport Layer
ANSI IS-683-A (OTA (Mobile))
ANSI IS-801 (Location Services (PLD))
ANSI Mobile Application Part
AOL Instant Messenger
ARCNET
ATM
ATM AAL1
ATM AAL3/4
ATM LAN Emulation
ATM OAM AAL
AVS WLAN Capture header
Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
Aggregate Server Access Protocol
Alert Standard Forum
Alteon - Transparent Proxy Cache Protocol
Andrew File System (AFS)
Apache JServ Protocol v1.3
Apple IP-over-IEEE 1394
AppleTalk Filing Protocol
AppleTalk Session Protocol
AppleTalk Transaction Protocol packet
Appletalk Address Resolution Protocol
Application Configuration Access Protocol
Async data over ISDN (V.120)
Authentication Header
BACnet Virtual Link Control
BEA Tuxedo
BSS GPRS Protocol
BSSAP/BSAP
Banyan Vines ARP
Banyan Vines Echo
Banyan Vines Fragmentation Protocol
Banyan Vines ICP
Banyan Vines IP
Banyan Vines IPC
Banyan Vines LLC
Banyan Vines RTP
Banyan Vines SPP
Basic Encoding Rules (ASN.1 X.690)
Bearer Independent Call Control
Bi-directional Fault Detection Control Message
Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol
Boardwalk
Boot Parameters
Bootstrap Protocol
Border Gateway Protocol
Building Automation and Control Network APDU
Building Automation and Control Network NPDU
CCSDS
CDS Clerk Server Calls
Cast Client Control Protocol
Check Point High Availability Protocol
Checkpoint FW-1
Cisco Auto-RP
Cisco Discovery Protocol
Cisco Group Management Protocol
Cisco HDLC
Cisco Hot Standby Router Protocol
Cisco ISL
Cisco Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Cisco NetFlow
Cisco SLARP
Clearcase NFS
CoSine IPNOS L2 debug output
Common Open Policy Service
Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) Browsing Protocol
Compuserve GIF
Connectionless Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Cross Point Frame Injector
DCE Distributed Time Service Local Server
DCE Distributed Time Service Provider
DCE Name Service
DCE RPC
DCE Security ID Mapper
DCE/RPC BOS Server
DCE/RPC BUDB
DCE/RPC BUTC
DCE/RPC CDS Solicitation
DCE/RPC Conversation Manager
DCE/RPC Directory Acl Interface
DCE/RPC Endpoint Mapper
DCE/RPC Endpoint Mapper4
DCE/RPC FLDB
DCE/RPC FLDB UBIK TRANSFER
DCE/RPC FLDB UBIKVOTE
DCE/RPC ICL RPC
DCE/RPC Kerberos V
DCE/RPC NCS 1.5.1 Local Location Broker
DCE/RPC Operations between registry server replicas
DCE/RPC Prop Attr
DCE/RPC RS_ACCT
DCE/RPC RS_BIND
DCE/RPC RS_MISC
DCE/RPC RS_PROP_ACCT
DCE/RPC RS_UNIX
DCE/RPC Registry Password Management
DCE/RPC Registry Server Attributes Schema
DCE/RPC Registry server propagation interface - ACLs.
DCE/RPC Registry server propagation interface - PGO items
DCE/RPC Registry server propagation interface - properties and poli
cies
DCE/RPC Remote Management
DCE/RPC Repserver Calls
DCE/RPC TokenServer Calls
DCE/RPC UpServer
DCOM OXID Resolver
DCOM Remote Activation
DEC Spanning Tree Protocol
DFS Calls
DHCPv6
DICOM
DNS Control Program Server
Data
Data Link SWitching
Data Stream Interface
Datagram Delivery Protocol
Diameter Protocol
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
Distcc Distributed Compiler
Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse Protocol
Domain Name Service
Dynamic DNS Tools Protocol
Echo
Encapsulating Security Payload
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
EtherNet/IP (Industrial Protocol)
Ethernet
Ethernet over IP
Extensible Authentication Protocol
FC Extended Link Svc
FC Fabric Configuration Server
FCIP
FTP Data
FTServer Operations
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel Common Transport
Fibre Channel Fabric Zone Server
Fibre Channel Name Server
Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI
Fibre Channel SW_ILS
Fibre Channel Security Protocol
Fibre Channel Single Byte Command
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Financial Information eXchange Protocol
Frame
Frame Relay
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol
GPRS Network service
GPRS Tunneling Protocol
GSM A-I/F BSSMAP
GSM A-I/F DTAP
GSM A-I/F RP
GSM Mobile Application Part
GSM SMS TPDU (GSM 03.40)
GSM Short Message Service User Data
General Inter-ORB Protocol
Generic Routing Encapsulation
Generic Security Service Application Program Interface
Gnutella Protocol
H225
H245
H4501
HP Extended Local-Link Control
HP Remote Maintenance Protocol
Hummingbird NFS Daemon
HyperSCSI
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IAX2
ICQ Protocol
IEEE 802.11 Radiotap Capture header
IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN management frame
ILMI
IP Device Control (SS7 over IP)
IP Over FC
IP Payload Compression
IP Virtual Services Sync Daemon
IPX Message
IPX Routing Information Protocol
IPX WAN
ISDN
ISDN Q.921-User Adaptation Layer
ISDN User Part
ISO 10589 ISIS InTRA Domain Routeing Information Exchange Protocol
ISO 8073 COTP Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol
ISO 8327-1 OSI Session Protocol
ISO 8473 CLNP ConnectionLess Network Protocol
ISO 8602 CLTP ConnectionLess Transport Protocol
ISO 8823 OSI Presentation Protocol
ISO 9542 ESIS Routeing Information Exchange Protocol
ITU-T E.164 number
ITU-T Recommendation H.261
ITU-T Recommendation H.263 RTP Payload header (RFC2190)
InMon sFlow
Intel ANS probe
Intelligent Platform Management Interface
Inter-Access-Point Protocol
InterSwitch Message Protocol
Interbase
Internet Cache Protocol
Internet Content Adaptation Protocol
Internet Control Message Protocol
Internet Control Message Protocol v6
Internet Group Management Protocol
Internet Group membership Authentication Protocol
Internet Message Access Protocol
Internet Printing Protocol
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol Version 6
Internet Relay Chat
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
Internetwork Packet eXchange
JPEG File Interchange Format
Jabber XML Messaging
Java RMI
Java Serialization
Kerberos
Kerberos Administration
Kernel Lock Manager
LWAP Control Message
LWAPP Encapsulated Packet
LWAPP Layer 3 Packet
Label Distribution Protocol
Laplink
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Line Printer Daemon Protocol
Line-based text data
Link Access Procedure Balanced (LAPB)
Link Access Procedure Balanced Ethernet (LAPBETHER)
Link Access Procedure, Channel D (LAPD)
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
Link Management Protocol (LMP)
Linux cooked-mode capture
Local Management Interface
LocalTalk Link Access Protocol
Logical Link Control GPRS
Logical-Link Control
Lucent/Ascend debug output
MDS Header
MIME Multipart Media Encapsulation
MMS Message Encapsulation
MS Kpasswd
MS Proxy Protocol
MSN Messenger Service
MSNIP: Multicast Source Notification of Interest Protocol
MTP 2 Transparent Proxy
MTP 2 User Adaptation Layer
MTP 3 User Adaptation Layer
MTP2 Peer Adaptation Layer
Media Type
Media Type: message/http
Message Transfer Part Level 2
Message Transfer Part Level 3
Message Transfer Part Level 3 Management
Microsoft Directory Replication Service
Microsoft Distributed File System
Microsoft Distributed Link Tracking Server Service
Microsoft Encrypted File System Service
Microsoft Exchange MAPI
Microsoft Local Security Architecture
Microsoft Local Security Architecture (Directory Services)
Microsoft Messenger Service
Microsoft Network Logon
Microsoft Registry
Microsoft Security Account Manager
Microsoft Server Service
Microsoft Service Control
Microsoft Spool Subsystem
Microsoft Task Scheduler Service
Microsoft Telephony API Service
Microsoft Windows Browser Protocol
Microsoft Windows Lanman Remote API Protocol
Microsoft Windows Logon Protocol
Microsoft Workstation Service
Mobile IP
Mobile IPv6
Modbus/TCP
Mount Service
MultiProtocol Label Switching Header
Multicast Router DISCovery protocol
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol
Multiprotocol Label Switching Echo
MySQL Protocol
NFSACL
NFSAUTH
NIS+
NIS+ Callback
NSPI
NTLM Secure Service Provider
Name Binding Protocol
Name Management Protocol over IPX
NetBIOS
NetBIOS Datagram Service
NetBIOS Name Service
NetBIOS Session Service
NetBIOS over IPX
NetWare Core Protocol
NetWare Link Services Protocol
NetWare Serialization Protocol
Network Data Management Protocol
Network File System
Network Lock Manager Protocol
Network News Transfer Protocol
Network Status Monitor CallBack Protocol
Network Status Monitor Protocol
Network Time Protocol
Nortel SONMP
Novell Distributed Print System
Novell Modular Authentication Service
Null/Loopback
OSI ISO 8571 FTAM Protocol
OSI ISO/IEC 10035-1 ACSE Protocol
Open Shortest Path First
OpenBSD Encapsulating device
OpenBSD Packet Filter log file
OpenBSD Packet Filter log file, pre 3.4
Optimized Link State Routing Protocol
PC NFS
POSTGRESQL
PPP Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol
PPP Bandwidth Allocation Protocol
PPP CDP Control Protocol
PPP Callback Control Protocol
PPP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
PPP Compressed Datagram
PPP Compression Control Protocol
PPP IP Control Protocol
PPP IPv6 Control Protocol
PPP Link Control Protocol
PPP MPLS Control Protocol
PPP Multilink Protocol
PPP Multiplexing
PPP OSI Control Protocol
PPP Password Authentication Protocol
PPP VJ Compression
PPP-over-Ethernet Discovery
PPP-over-Ethernet Session
PPPMux Control Protocol
Packed Encoding Rules (ASN.1 X.691)
Point-to-Point Protocol
Point-to-Point Tunnelling Protocol
Portmap
Post Office Protocol
Pragmatic General Multicast
Precision Time Protocol (IEEE1588)
Prism
Privilege Server operations
Protocol Independent Multicast
Q.2931
Q.931
Q.933
Quake II Network Protocol
Quake III Arena Network Protocol
Quake Network Protocol
QuakeWorld Network Protocol
Qualified Logical Link Control
RFC 2250 MPEG1
RFC 2833 RTP Event
RIPng
RPC Browser
RS Interface properties
RSTAT
RSYNC File Synchroniser
RX Protocol
Radio Access Network Application Part
Radius Protocol
Raw packet data
Real Time Streaming Protocol
Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Wire Protocol
Real-Time Transport Protocol
Real-time Transport Control Protocol
Registry Server Attributes Manipulation Interface
Registry server administration operations.
Remote Management Control Protocol
Remote Override interface
Remote Procedure Call
Remote Program Load
Remote Quota
Remote Shell
Remote Shutdown
Remote Wall protocol
Remote sec_login preauth interface.
Resource ReserVation Protocol (RSVP)
Rlogin Protocol
Routing Information Protocol
Routing Table Maintenance Protocol
SADMIND
SCSI
SEBEK - Kernel Data Capture
SGI Mount Service
SMB (Server Message Block Protocol)
SMB MailSlot Protocol
SMB Pipe Protocol
SNA-over-Ethernet
SNMP Multiplex Protocol
SPNEGO-KRB5
SPRAY
SS7 SCCP-User Adaptation Layer
SSCOP
SSH Protocol
Secure Socket Layer
Sequenced Packet eXchange
Service Advertisement Protocol
Service Location Protocol
Session Announcement Protocol
Session Description Protocol
Session Initiation Protocol
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP as raw text)
Short Message Peer to Peer
Signalling Connection Control Part
Signalling Connection Control Part Management
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Traversal of UDP Through NAT
Sinec H1 Protocol
Sipfrag
Skinny Client Control Protocol
SliMP3 Communication Protocol
Socks Protocol
SoulSeek Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spnego
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol
Symantec Enterprise Firewall
Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC)
Syslog message
Systems Network Architecture
Systems Network Architecture XID
T38
TACACS
TACACS+
TEI Management Procedure, Channel D (LAPD)
TEREDO Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through NATs
TPKT
Tabular Data Stream
Tazmen Sniffer Protocol
Telnet
Time Protocol
Time Synchronization Protocol
Token-Ring
Token-Ring Media Access Control
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
Transmission Control Protocol
Transparent Network Substrate Protocol
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UDP Encapsulation of IPsec Packets
Universal Computer Protocol
User Datagram Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Virtual Trunking Protocol
WAP Binary XML
WAP Session Initiation Request
Web Cache Coordination Protocol
WebSphere MQ
WebSphere MQ Programmable Command Formats
Wellfleet Breath of Life
Wellfleet Compression
Wellfleet HDLC
Who
Windows 2000 DNS
Wireless Session Protocol
Wireless Transaction Protocol
Wireless Transport Layer Security
X Display Manager Control Protocol
X.25
X.25 over TCP
X.29
X11
Xyplex
Yahoo Messenger Protocol
Yahoo YMSG Messenger Protocol
Yellow Pages Bind
Yellow Pages Passwd
Yellow Pages Service
Yellow Pages Transfer
Zebra Protocol
Zone Information Protocol
eDonkey Protocol
iSCSI
iSNS
Q 1.3: Are there any plans to support {your favorite protocol}?
A: Support for particular protocols is added to Ethereal as a result
of people contributing that support; no formal plans for adding
support for particular protocols in particular future releases exist.
Q 1.4: Can Ethereal read capture files from {your favorite network
analyzer}?
A: Support for particular protocols is added to Ethereal as a result
of people contributing that support; no formal plans for adding
support for particular protocols in particular future releases exist.
If a network analyzer writes out files in a format already supported
by Ethereal (e.g., in libpcap format), Ethereal may already be able to
read them, unless the analyzer has added its own proprietary
extensions to that format.
If a network analyzer writes out files in its own format, or has added
proprietary extensions to another format, in order to make Ethereal
read captures from that network analyzer, we would either have to have
a specification for the file format, or the extensions, sufficient to
give us enough information to read the parts of the file relevant to
Ethereal, or would need at least one capture file in that format AND a
detailed textual analysis of the packets in that capture file (showing
packet time stamps, packet lengths, and the top-level packet header)
in order to reverse-engineer the file format.
Note that there is no guarantee that we will be able to
reverse-engineer a capture file format.
Q 1.5: What devices can Ethereal use to capture packets?
A: Ethereal can read live data from Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, serial
(PPP and SLIP) (if the OS on which it's running allows Ethereal to do
so), 802.11 wireless LAN (if the OS on which it's running allows
Ethereal to do so), ATM connections (if the OS on which it's running
allows Ethereal to do so), and the "any" device supported on Linux by
recent versions of libpcap. See the list of supported capture media on
various OSes for details (several items in there say "Unknown", which
doesn't mean "Ethereal can't capture on them", it means "we don't know
whether it can capture on them"; we expect that it will be able to
capture on many of them, but we haven't tried it ourselves - if you
try one of those types and it works, please send an update to
_EWEB_MAILTO).
It can also read a variety of capture file formats, including:
* libpcap/tcpdump
* Sun snoop/atmsnoop
* Shomiti/Finisar Surveyor
* LanAlyzer
* DOS-based Sniffer (compressed and uncompressed)
* MS Network Monitor
* AIX iptrace
* NetXray and Windows-based Sniffer
* EtherPeek/TokenPeek/AiroPeek
* RADCOM WAN/LAN analyzer
* Lucent/Ascend debug output
* Toshiba ISDN router "snoop" output
* HPUX nettl
* ISDN4BSD "i4btrace" utility.
* Cisco Secure IDS
* pppd log files (pppdump format)
* VMS TCPIPtrace
* DBS Etherwatch
* Visual Networks' Visual UpTime
* CoSine L2 debug
so that it can read traces from various network types, as captured by
other applications or equipment, even if it cannot itself capture on
those network types.
Q 1.6: How do you pronounce Ethereal? Where did the name come from?
A: The English pronunciation can be found in Merriam-Webster's online
dictionary at
http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=ethereal.
According to the book "Computer Networks" by Andrew Tannenbaum,
Ethernet was named after the "luminiferous ether" which was once
thought to carry electromagnetic radiation. Taking that into
consideration, Ethereal seemed like an appropriate name for an
Ethernet analyzer.
Downloading Ethereal
Q 2.1: I downloaded the Win32 installer, but when I try to run it, I
get an error.
A: The program you used to download it may have downloaded it
incorrectly. Web browsers sometimes may do this.
Try downloading it with, for example:
* Wget, for which Windows binaries are available on the SunSITE FTP
server at sunsite.tk or Heiko Herold's windows wget spot - wGetGUI
offers a GUI interface that uses wget;
* WS_FTP from Ipswitch,
* the ftp command that comes with Windows.
If you use the ftp command, make sure you do the transfer in binary
mode rather than ASCII mode, by using the binary command before
transferring the file.
Q 2.2: When I try to download the WinPcap driver and library, I can't
get to the WinPcap Web site.
A: As is the case with all Web sites, that site won't necessarily
always be accessible; the server may be down due to a problem or down
for maintenance, or there may be a networking problem between you and
the server. You should try again later, or try the local mirror or the
Wiretapped.net mirror.
Installing Ethereal
Q 3.1: I installed an Ethereal RPM, but Ethereal doesn't seem to be
installed; only Tethereal is installed.
A: Older versions of the Red Hat RPMs for Ethereal put only the
non-GUI components into the ethereal RPM, the fact that Ethereal is a
GUI program nonwithstanding; newer versions make it a bit clearer by
giving that RPM a name starting with ethereal-base.
In those older versions, there's a separate ethereal-gnome RPM that
includes GUI components such as Ethereal itself, the fact that
Ethereal doesn't use GNOME nonwithstanding; newer versions make it a
bit clearer by giving that RPM a name starting with ethereal-gtk+.
Find the ethereal-gnome or ethereal-gtk+ RPM, and install that also.
Building Ethereal
Q 4.1: The configure script can't find pcap.h or bpf.h, but I have
libpcap installed.
A: Are you sure pcap.h and bpf.h are installed? The official
distribution of libpcap only installs the libpcap.a library file when
"make install" is run. To install pcap.h and bpf.h, you must run "make
install-incl". If you're running Debian or Redhat, make sure you have
the "libpcap-dev" or "libpcap-devel" packages installed.
It's also possible that pcap.h and bpf.h have been installed in a
strange location. If this is the case, you may have to tweak
aclocal.m4.
Q 4.2: Why do I get the error
dftest_DEPENDENCIES was already defined in condition TRUE, which
implies condition HAVE_PLUGINS_TRUE
when I try to build Ethereal from CVS or a CVS snapshot?
A: You probably have automake 1.5 installed on your machine (the
command automake --version will report the version of automake on your
machine). There is a bug in that version of automake that causes this
problem; upgrade to a later version of automake (1.6 or later).
Q 4.3: The link fails with a number of "Output line too long."
messages followed by linker errors.
A: The version of the sed command on your system is incapable of
handling very long lines. On Solaris, for example, /usr/bin/sed has a
line length limit too low to allow libtool to work; /usr/xpg4/bin/sed
can handle it, as can GNU sed if you have it installed.
On Solaris, changing your command search path to search /usr/xpg4/bin
before /usr/bin should make the problem go away; on any platform on
which you have this problem, installing GNU sed and changing your
command path to search the directory in which it is installed before
searching the directory with the version of sed that came with the OS
should make the problem go away.
Q 4.4: The link fails on Solaris because plugin_list is undefined.
A: This appears to be due to a problem with some versions of the GTK+
and GLib packages from www.sunfreeware.org; un-install those packages,
and try getting the 1.2.10 versions from that site, or the versions
from The Written Word, or the versions from Sun's GNOME distribution,
or the versions from the supplemental software CD that comes with the
Solaris media kit, or build them from source from the GTK Web site.
Then re-run the configuration script, and try rebuilding Ethereal. (If
you get the 1.2.10 versions from www.sunfreeware.org, and the problem
persists, un-install them and try installing one of the other versions
mentioned.)
Q 4.5: The build fails on Windows because of conflicts between
winsock.h and winsock2.h.
A: As of Ethereal 0.9.5, you must install WinPcap 2.3 or later, and
the corresponding version of the developer's pack, in order to be able
to compile Ethereal; it will not compile with older versions of the
developer's pack. The symptoms of this failure are conflicts between
definitions in winsock.h and in winsock2.h; Ethereal uses winsock2.h,
but pre-2.3 versions of the WinPcap developer's packet use winsock.h.
(2.3 uses winsock2.h, so if Ethereal were to use winsock.h, it would
not be able to build with current versions of the WinPcap developer's
pack.)
Note that the installed version of the developer's pack should be the
same version as the version of WinPcap you have installed.
Q 4.6: I'm trying to build Ethereal 0.10.0a on Windows; why is the the
build failing with an error saying it can't find "Makefile.nmake"?
A: There was a bug in the 0.10.0a distribution that caused
"tools\Makefile.nmake" not to be in the source code release. You can
download it with the URL
http://www.ethereal.com/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/*checkout*/ethereal/tools/
Makefile.nmake?rev=1.5. Put it into "tools\Makefile.nmake" and try the
build again.
Using Ethereal
Q 5.1: When I use Ethereal to capture packets, I see only packets to
and from my machine, or I'm not seeing all the traffic I'm expecting
to see from or to the machine I'm trying to monitor.
A: This might be because the interface on which you're capturing is
plugged into a switch; on a switched network, unicast traffic between
two ports will not necessarily appear on other ports - only broadcast
and multicast traffic will be sent to all ports.
Note that even if your machine is plugged into a hub, the "hub" may be
a switched hub, in which case you're still on a switched network.
Note also that on the Linksys Web site, they say that their
auto-sensing hubs "broadcast the 10Mb packets to the port that operate
at 10Mb only and broadcast the 100Mb packets to the ports that operate
at 100Mb only", which would indicate that if you sniff on a 10Mb port,
you will not see traffic coming sent to a 100Mb port, and vice versa.
This problem has also been reported for Netgear dual-speed hubs, and
may exist for other "auto-sensing" or "dual-speed" hubs.
Some switches have the ability to replicate all traffic on all ports
to a single port so that you can plug your analyzer into that single
port to sniff all traffic. You would have to check the documentation
for the switch to see if this is possible and, if so, to see how to do
this. See, for example:
* this documentation from Cisco on the Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN)
feature on Catalyst switches;
* documentation from HP on how to set "monitoring"/"mirroring" on
ports on the console for HP Advancestack Switch 208 and 224;
* the "Network Monitoring Port Features" section of chapter 6 of
documentation from HP for HP ProCurve Switches 1600M, 2424M,
4000M, and 8000M;
* the "Switch Port-Mirroring" section of chapter 6 of documentation
from Extreme Networks for their Summit 200 switches;
* the documentation on "Configuring Port Mirroring and Monitoring"
in Foundry Networks' documentation for their FastIron Edge
Switches;
* the documentation on "Configuring Port Mirroring and Monitoring"
in Foundry Networks' documentation for their BigIron MG8 Layer 3
Switches;
* the "Port Monitor" subsection of the "Status Monitor and
Statistics" section of the documentation from Foundry Networks for
their EdgeIron 4802F and 10GC2F switches;
* the "Configuring Port Mirroring" section of chapter 3 of the
documentation from Foundry Networks for their EdgeIron 24G,
2402CF, and 4802CF switches;
* the documentation on "Configuring Port Mirroring and Monitoring"
in Foundry Networks' documentation for their other switches and
metro routers.
Note also that many firewall/NAT boxes have a switch built into them;
this includes many of the "cable/DSL router" boxes. If you have a box
of that sort, that has a switch with some number of Ethernet ports
into which you plug machines on your network, and another Ethernet