Subnet EVM

Avalanche is a network composed of multiple blockchains. Each blockchain is an instance of a Virtual Machine (VM), much like an object in an object-oriented language is an instance of a class. That is, the VM defines the behavior of the blockchain.

Subnet EVM is the Virtual Machine (VM) that defines the Subnet Contract Chains. Subnet EVM is a simplified version of Coreth VM (C-Chain).

This chain implements the Ethereum Virtual Machine and supports Solidity smart contracts as well as most other Ethereum client functionality.

Building

The Subnet EVM runs in a separate process from the main AvalancheGo process and communicates with it over a local gRPC connection.

AvalancheGo Compatibility

[v0.1.0] AvalancheGo@v1.7.0-v1.7.4
[v0.1.1-v0.1.2] AvalancheGo@v1.7.5-v1.7.6
[v0.2.0] AvalancheGo@v1.7.7-v1.7.9
[v0.2.1] AvalancheGo@v1.7.10

API

The Subnet EVM supports the following API namespaces:

• eth
• personal
• txpool
• debug

Only the eth namespace is enabled by default. Full documentation for the C-Chain's API can be found here.

Compatibility

The Subnet EVM is compatible with almost all Ethereum tooling, including Remix, Metamask and Truffle.

Differences Between Subnet EVM and Coreth

• Added configurable fees and gas limits in genesis
• Merged Avalanche hardforks into the single "Subnet EVM" hardfork
• Removed Atomic Txs and Shared Memory
• Removed Multicoin Contract and State

Block Format

To support these changes, there have been a number of changes to the SubnetEVM block format compared to what exists on the C-Chain and Ethereum. Here we list the changes to the block format as compared to Ethereum.

Block Header

• BaseFee: Added by EIP-1559 to represent the base fee of the block (present in Ethereum as of EIP-1559)
• BlockGasCost: surcharge for producing a block faster than the target rate

Run Local Network

See Create an EVM Subnet on Local.

Fuji Subnet Deployment

See Create an EVM Subnet on Fuji Testnet.

Customize a Subnet

• Genesis
• Precompile
• Priority Regossip

Join the WAGMI Subnet Demo

Thanks to the @0xNeonMonsters for the logo!

The WAGMI ("We're All Going to Make It") Subnet Demo is a high throughput testbed for EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) optimizations. It is parameterized to run at a factor more capacity than Fuji/Mainnet C-Chain and will be used to experiment with release candidates before they make it into an official coreth release.

We created a basic WAGMI explorer that surfaces aggregated usage statistics about the subnet. If you'd like to see any other stats added to this site, please send a DM to @_patrickogrady on Twitter.

Everyone that has used the the C-Chain more than twice (~970k addresses) has been airdropped 10 WGM tokens. With the current fee parameterization, this should be enough for hundreds of txs.

This is one of the first cases of using Avalanche Subnets as a proving ground for changes in a production VM (coreth). Many underestimate how useful the isolation of subnets is for performing complex VM testing on a live network (without impacting the stability of the primary network).

Network Creation

To create WAGMI, all we had to do was run the following command:

subnet-cli wizard \
--node-ids=NodeID-9TCq8np31pHjjhGaHtLjs6ptYYPEt3LGb,NodeID-BrYXghQSu6KKGjuzhs3nrkcB46Wc2yYHy,NodeID-89UCR1CsPzzEHuknxhJHKxuFPNCyPz7Bu,NodeID-Hfm8gpD4DpCz4KTzt2osJPfFvu7az3qiD,NodeID-LkdxkfYhg6nSw1EEUxDUSYPXPwmr2cUet \
--vm-genesis-path=networks/11111/genesis.json \
--vm-id=srEXiWaHuhNyGwPUi444Tu47ZEDwxTWrbQiuD7FmgSAQ6X7Dy \
--chain-name=wagmi

This added these NodeIDs as validators on Fuji, created the WAGMI Subnet, added all validators to the WAGMI subnet, and created the WAGMI chain.

• SubnetID: 28nrH5T2BMvNrWecFcV3mfccjs6axM1TVyqe79MCv2Mhs8kxiY
• ChainID: 2ebCneCbwthjQ1rYT41nhd7M76Hc6YmosMAQrTFhBq8qeqh6tt

Network Parameters

Network ID: 11111
Chain ID: 11111
Block Gas Limit: 20,000,000 (2.5x C-Chain)
10s Gas Target: 100,000,000 (~6.67x C-Chain)
Min Fee: 1 GWei (4% of C-Chain)
Target Block Rate: 2s (Same as C-Chain)

Adding to MetaMask

Network Name: WAGMI
RPC URL: https://subnets.avax.network/wagmi/wagmi-chain-testnet/rpc
Chain ID: 11111
Symbol: WGM
Explorer: https://subnets.avax.network/wagmi/wagmi-chain-testnet/explorer

Wrapped WAGMI

Info

Address: 0x3Ee7094DADda15810F191DD6AcF7E4FFa37571e4
IPFS: /ipfs/QmVAuheeidjD2ktdX3sSHMQqSfcjtmca1g9jr7w9GQf7pU

Metadata

{
  "compiler": { "version": "0.5.17+commit.d19bba13" },
  "language": "Solidity",
  "output": {
    "abi": [
      {
        "anonymous": false,
        "inputs": [
          {
            "indexed": true,
            "internalType": "address",
            "name": "src",
            "type": "address"
          },
          {
            "indexed": true,
            "internalType": "address",
            "name": "guy",
            "type": "address"
          },
          {
            "indexed": false,
            "internalType": "uint256",
            "name": "wad",
            "type": "uint256"
          }
        ],
        "name": "Approval",
        "type": "event"
      },
      {
        "anonymous": false,
        "inputs": [
          {
            "indexed": true,
            "internalType": "address",
            "name": "dst",
            "type": "address"
          },
          {
            "indexed": false,
            "internalType": "uint256",
            "name": "wad",
            "type": "uint256"
          }
        ],
        "name": "Deposit",
        "type": "event"
      },
      {
        "anonymous": false,
        "inputs": [
          {
            "indexed": true,
            "internalType": "address",
            "name": "src",
            "type": "address"
          },
          {
            "indexed": true,
            "internalType": "address",
            "name": "dst",
            "type": "address"
          },
          {
            "indexed": false,
            "internalType": "uint256",
            "name": "wad",
            "type": "uint256"
          }
        ],
        "name": "Transfer",
        "type": "event"
      },
      {
        "anonymous": false,
        "inputs": [
          {
            "indexed": true,
            "internalType": "address",
            "name": "src",
            "type": "address"
          },
          {
            "indexed": false,
            "internalType": "uint256",
            "name": "wad",
            "type": "uint256"
          }
        ],
        "name": "Withdrawal",
        "type": "event"
      },
      { "payable": true, "stateMutability": "payable", "type": "fallback" },
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" },
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" }
        ],
        "name": "allowance",
        "outputs": [
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "guy", "type": "address" },
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "wad", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "name": "approve",
        "outputs": [{ "internalType": "bool", "name": "", "type": "bool" }],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "", "type": "address" }
        ],
        "name": "balanceOf",
        "outputs": [
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "decimals",
        "outputs": [{ "internalType": "uint8", "name": "", "type": "uint8" }],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "deposit",
        "outputs": [],
        "payable": true,
        "stateMutability": "payable",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "name",
        "outputs": [{ "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" }],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "symbol",
        "outputs": [{ "internalType": "string", "name": "", "type": "string" }],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": true,
        "inputs": [],
        "name": "totalSupply",
        "outputs": [
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "view",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "dst", "type": "address" },
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "wad", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "name": "transfer",
        "outputs": [{ "internalType": "bool", "name": "", "type": "bool" }],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "src", "type": "address" },
          { "internalType": "address", "name": "dst", "type": "address" },
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "wad", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "name": "transferFrom",
        "outputs": [{ "internalType": "bool", "name": "", "type": "bool" }],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
      },
      {
        "constant": false,
        "inputs": [
          { "internalType": "uint256", "name": "wad", "type": "uint256" }
        ],
        "name": "withdraw",
        "outputs": [],
        "payable": false,
        "stateMutability": "nonpayable",
        "type": "function"
      }
    ],
    "devdoc": { "methods": {} },
    "userdoc": { "methods": {} }
  },
  "settings": {
    "compilationTarget": { "contracts/wwagmi.sol": "WWAGMI" },
    "evmVersion": "istanbul",
    "libraries": {},
    "optimizer": { "enabled": false, "runs": 200 },
    "remappings": []
  },
  "sources": {
    "contracts/wwagmi.sol": {
      "keccak256": "0x0a6ce5559225d3c99db4a5e24777049df3c84886ba9a08147f23afae4261b509",
      "urls": [
        "bzz-raw://0aef254c65ae30b578256a7e2496ed18bf0cb68e97f5831050e17a2cf0192a7e",
        "dweb:/ipfs/QmSwAbdnaYvrjDHTKnE3qBZ3smT7uipSSfSGBUiKWmNWEY"
      ]
    }
  },
  "version": 1
}

Code

// Copyright (C) 2015, 2016, 2017 Dapphub

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

// Contract name, token name, and token symbol modified by Ava Labs 2020

pragma solidity >=0.4.22 <0.6;

contract WWAGMI{
    string public name     = "Wrapped WAGMI";
    string public symbol   = "WWAGMI";
    uint8  public decimals = 18;

    event  Approval(address indexed src, address indexed guy, uint wad);
    event  Transfer(address indexed src, address indexed dst, uint wad);
    event  Deposit(address indexed dst, uint wad);
    event  Withdrawal(address indexed src, uint wad);

    mapping (address => uint)                       public  balanceOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint))  public  allowance;

    function() external payable {
        deposit();
    }
    function deposit() public payable {
        balanceOf[msg.sender] += msg.value;
        emit Deposit(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }
    function withdraw(uint wad) public {
        require(balanceOf[msg.sender] >= wad);
        balanceOf[msg.sender] -= wad;
        msg.sender.transfer(wad);
        emit Withdrawal(msg.sender, wad);
    }

    function totalSupply() public view returns (uint) {
        return address(this).balance;
    }

    function approve(address guy, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
        allowance[msg.sender][guy] = wad;
        emit Approval(msg.sender, guy, wad);
        return true;
    }

    function transfer(address dst, uint wad) public returns (bool) {
        return transferFrom(msg.sender, dst, wad);
    }

    function transferFrom(address src, address dst, uint wad)
        public
        returns (bool)
    {
        require(balanceOf[src] >= wad);

        if (src != msg.sender && allowance[src][msg.sender] != uint(-1)) {
            require(allowance[src][msg.sender] >= wad);
            allowance[src][msg.sender] -= wad;
        }

        balanceOf[src] -= wad;
        balanceOf[dst] += wad;

        emit Transfer(src, dst, wad);

        return true;
    }
}