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Updated URL's for some tools
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source/remote_feature.rst

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Remote feature
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==============
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Git is a distributed source control management system. This means that all changes you make are local. When you commit
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changes, you only commit them to your local repository. To publish your local changes you need to push. In order to get
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Git is a distributed source control management system. This means that all changes you make are local. When you commit
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changes, you only commit them to your local repository. To publish your local changes you need to push. In order to get
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changes committed by others, you need to pull.
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Manage remote repositories
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.. image:: /images/manage_remote_repositories.png
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When you cloned your repository from a public repository, this remote is already configured. You can rename each remote for
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easy recognition. The default name after cloning a remote is ``origin``. If you use PuTTY as SSH client you can also enter the
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private key file for each remote. Git Extensions will load the key when needed. How to create a private key file is described
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When you cloned your repository from a public repository, this remote is already configured. You can rename each remote for
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easy recognition. The default name after cloning a remote is ``origin``. If you use PuTTY as SSH client you can also enter the
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private key file for each remote. Git Extensions will load the key when needed. How to create a private key file is described
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in the next paragraph.
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.. image:: /images/remote_repositories.png
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In the ``Default pull behaviour`` tab you can configure the branches that need to be pulled and merged by default. If you
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In the ``Default pull behaviour`` tab you can configure the branches that need to be pulled and merged by default. If you
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configure this correctly you will not need to choose a branch when you pull or push. There are two buttons on this dialog:
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+-------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
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.. image:: /images/remote_repositories2.png
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After cloning a repository you do not need to configure all remote branches manually. Instead you can checkout the remote
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branch and choose to create a local tracking branch.
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After cloning a repository you do not need to configure all remote branches manually. Instead you can checkout the remote
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branch and choose to create a local tracking branch.
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Create SSH key
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--------------
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Git uses SSH for accessing private repositories. SSH uses a public/private key pair for authentication. This means you need
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to generate a private key and a public key. The private key is stored on your computer locally and the public key can be given
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to anyone. SSH will encrypt whatever you send using your secret private key. The receiver will then use the public key you send
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to decrypt the data.
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Git uses SSH for accessing private repositories. SSH uses a public/private key pair for authentication. This means you need
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to generate a private key and a public key. The private key is stored on your computer locally and the public key can be given
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to anyone. SSH will encrypt whatever you send using your secret private key. The receiver will then use the public key you send
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to decrypt the data.
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This encryption will not protect the data itself but it protects the authenticity. Because the private key is only available to
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the sender, the receiver can be sure about the origin of the data. In practise the key pair is only used for the authentication
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This encryption will not protect the data itself but it protects the authenticity. Because the private key is only available to
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the sender, the receiver can be sure about the origin of the data. In practise the key pair is only used for the authentication
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process. The data itself will be encrypted using a key that is exchanged during this initial phase.
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PuTTY and github
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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PuTTY is SSH client that for Windows that is a bit more user friendly then OpenSSH. Unfortunately PuTTY does not work with
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PuTTY is SSH client that for Windows that is a bit more user friendly then OpenSSH. Unfortunately PuTTY does not work with
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all servers. In this paragraph I will show how to generate a key for github using putty.
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First make sure GitExtensions is configured to use PuTTY and all paths are correct.
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|.. image:: /images/putty_key_generator1.png | .. image:: /images/putty_key_generator2.png |
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+--------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+
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PuTTY will ask you to move the mouse around to generate a more random key. When the key is generated you can save the public and
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the private key in a file. You can choose to protect the private key with a password but this is not necessary.
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PuTTY will ask you to move the mouse around to generate a more random key. When the key is generated you can save the public and
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the private key in a file. You can choose to protect the private key with a password but this is not necessary.
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Now you have a key pair you need to give github the public key. This can be done in ``Account Settings`` in the tab
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Now you have a key pair you need to give github the public key. This can be done in ``Account Settings`` in the tab
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``SSH Public Keys``. You can add multiple keys here, but you only need one key for all repositories.
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.. image:: /images/account_settings.png
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After telling github what public key to use to decrypt, you need to tell GitExtensions what private key to use to encrypt.
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In the clone dialog there is a ``Load SSH key`` button to load the private key into the PuTTY authentication agent. This can
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After telling github what public key to use to decrypt, you need to tell GitExtensions what private key to use to encrypt.
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In the clone dialog there is a ``Load SSH key`` button to load the private key into the PuTTY authentication agent. This can
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also be done manually by starting the PuTTY authentication agent and choose ``add key`` in the context menu in the system tray.
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.. image:: /images/putty_agent.png
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GitExtensions can load the private keys automatically for you when communicating with a remote. You need to configure the
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GitExtensions can load the private keys automatically for you when communicating with a remote. You need to configure the
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private key for the remote.
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This is done in the ``Manage remote repositories`` dialog.
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This is done in the ``Manage remote repositories`` dialog.
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OpenSSH and github
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. image:: /images/github_openssh.png
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OpenSSH is the best SSH client there is but it lacks Windows support. Therefore it is slightly more complex to use.
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Another drawback is that GitExtensions cannot control OpenSSH and needs to show the command line dialogs when OpenSSH might
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be used. GitExtensions will show the command line window for every command that might require a SSH connection. For this
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OpenSSH is the best SSH client there is but it lacks Windows support. Therefore it is slightly more complex to use.
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Another drawback is that GitExtensions cannot control OpenSSH and needs to show the command line dialogs when OpenSSH might
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be used. GitExtensions will show the command line window for every command that might require a SSH connection. For this
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reason PuTTY is the prefered SSH client in GitExtensions.
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To generate a key pair in OpenSSH you need to go to the command line. I recommend to use the git bash because the path to
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To generate a key pair in OpenSSH you need to go to the command line. I recommend to use the git bash because the path to
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OpenSSH is already set.
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.. image:: /images/git_bash_toolbar.png
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Type the following command: ``ssh-keygen -C "your@email.com" -t rsa``
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Use the same email address as the email address used in git. You will be asked where if you want to protect the private
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key with a password. This is not necessary. By default the public and private keys are stored in
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Use the same email address as the email address used in git. You will be asked where if you want to protect the private
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key with a password. This is not necessary. By default the public and private keys are stored in
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``c:\Documents and Settings\[User]\.ssh\`` or ``c:\Users\[user]\.ssh\``.
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.. image:: /images/ssh_bash.png
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You do not need to tell GitExtensions about the private key because OpenSSH will load it for you. Now open the public
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key using notepad and copy the key to github. This can be done in ``Account Settings`` in the tab ``SSH Public Keys``
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You do not need to tell GitExtensions about the private key because OpenSSH will load it for you. Now open the public
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key using notepad and copy the key to github. This can be done in ``Account Settings`` in the tab ``SSH Public Keys``
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on `GitHub <http://www.github.com>`_.
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.. image:: /images/ssh_folder.png
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Pull changes
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------------
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You can get remote changes using the pull function. Before you can pull remote changes you need to make sure there are no
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uncommitted changes in your local repository. If you have uncommitted changes you should commit them or stash them during the
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You can get remote changes using the pull function. Before you can pull remote changes you need to make sure there are no
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uncommitted changes in your local repository. If you have uncommitted changes you should commit them or stash them during the
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pull. You can read about how to use the stash in the Stash chapter.
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.. image:: /images/pull_toolbar.png
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In order to get your personal repository up-to-date, you need to fetch changes from a remote repository. You can do this using
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the ``Pull`` dialog. When the dialog starts the default remote for the current branch is set. You can choose another remote
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In order to get your personal repository up-to-date, you need to fetch changes from a remote repository. You can do this using
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the ``Pull`` dialog. When the dialog starts the default remote for the current branch is set. You can choose another remote
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or enter a custom url if you like. When the remote branches configured correctly, you do not need to choose a remote branch.
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If you just fetch the commits from the remote repository and you already committed some changes to your local repository, the
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commits will be in a different branch. In the pull dialog this is illustrated in the image on the left. This can be useful when
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If you just fetch the commits from the remote repository and you already committed some changes to your local repository, the
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commits will be in a different branch. In the pull dialog this is illustrated in the image on the left. This can be useful when
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you want to review the changes before you want to merge them with your own changes.
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.. image:: /images/pull_dialog.png
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When you choose to merge the remote branch after fetching the changes a branch will be created, and will be merged you’re
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When you choose to merge the remote branch after fetching the changes a branch will be created, and will be merged into
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your commit. Doing this creates a lot of branches and merges, making the history harder to read.
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.. image:: /images/pull_dialog2.png
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Instead of merging the fetched commits with your local commits, you can also choose to rebase your commits on top of the
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fetched commits. This is illustrated on the left in the image below. A rebase will first undo your local commits (c and d),
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then fetch the remote commits (e) and finally recommit your local commits. When there is a merge conflict during the rebase,
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Instead of merging the fetched commits with your local commits, you can also choose to rebase your commits on top of the
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fetched commits. This is illustrated on the left in the image below. A rebase will first undo your local commits (c and d),
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then fetch the remote commits (e) and finally recommit your local commits. When there is a merge conflict during the rebase,
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the rebase dialog will show.
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.. image:: /images/pull_dialog3.png
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Push changes
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In the browse window you can check if there are local commits that are not pushed to a remote repository yet. In the image
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below the green labels mark the position of the master branch on the remote repository. The red label marks the position of
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In the browse window you can check if there are local commits that are not pushed to a remote repository yet. In the image
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below the green labels mark the position of the master branch on the remote repository. The red label marks the position of
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the master branch on the local repository. The local repository is ahead three commits.
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.. image:: /images/push1.png
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To push the changes press ``Push`` in the toolbar.
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To push the changes press ``Push`` in the toolbar.
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.. image:: /images/push_toolbar.png
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The push dialog allows you to choose the remote repository to push to. The remote repository is set to the remote of the
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current branch. You can choose another remote or choose a url to push to. You can also specify a branch to push.
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The push dialog allows you to choose the remote repository to push to. The remote repository is set to the remote of the
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current branch. You can choose another remote or choose a url to push to. You can also specify a branch to push.
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.. image:: /images/push_dialog.png
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Tags are not pushed to the remote repository. If you want to push a tag you need to open the ``Tags`` tab in the dialog. You
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can choose to push a singe tag or all tags. No commits will be pushed when the ``Tags`` tab is selected, only tags.
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Tags are not pushed to the remote repository. If you want to push a tag you need to open the ``Tags`` tab in the dialog. You
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can choose to push a singe tag or all tags. No commits will be pushed when the ``Tags`` tab is selected, only tags.
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You can not merge your changes in the remote repository. Merging must be done locally. This means that you cannot push your
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You can not merge your changes in the remote repository. Merging must be done locally. This means that you cannot push your
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changes before the commits are merged locally. In practice you need to pull before you can push most of the times.

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