Merge pull request #3897 from AHaumer/HBridge

PowerConverters.DCDC.HBridge

Modelica/Electrical/PowerConverters/DCDC/Control/SignalPWM.mo

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ model SignalPWM
   parameter SI.Frequency f=1000 "Switching frequency";
   parameter SingleReferenceType refType=Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.Types.SingleReferenceType.Sawtooth
     "Type of reference signal";
+  parameter Boolean commonComparison=true "Common or separated comparison for fire_p and fire_n"
+    annotation(choices(checkBox=true));
   parameter SI.Time startTime=0 "Start time";
   Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.RealInput dutyCycle if not
     useConstantDutyCycle "Duty cycle"
@@ -26,23 +28,23 @@ model SignalPWM
         origin={60,110})));
   Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Constant const(final k=constantDutyCycle) if
     useConstantDutyCycle
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-100,-60},{-80,-40}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
+        rotation=90,
+        origin={-90,-30})));
   Modelica.Blocks.Nonlinear.Limiter limiter(uMax=1, uMin=0)
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-60,-10},{-40,10}})));
-  Modelica.Blocks.Logical.Less greaterEqual annotation (Placement(
-        transformation(
-        extent={{-10,10},{10,-10}},
-        origin={22,-8})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-70,-10},{-50,10}})));
+
   Modelica.Blocks.Discrete.ZeroOrderHold zeroOrderHold(final startTime=
         startTime, final samplePeriod=1/f)
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-30,-10},{-10,10}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-40,-10},{-20,10}})));
   Modelica.Blocks.Sources.SawTooth sawtooth(
     final period=1/f,
     final amplitude=1,
     final nperiod=-1,
     final offset=0,
     final startTime=startTime) if refType==SingleReferenceType.Sawtooth
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin={-50,-50}, extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin={20,30},   extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
+        rotation=90)));
   Modelica.Blocks.Sources.Trapezoid triangle(
     rising=0.5/f,
     width=0,
@@ -52,31 +54,65 @@ model SignalPWM
     final nperiod=-1,
     final offset=0,
     final startTime=startTime) if refType==SingleReferenceType.Triangle
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin={-50,-80}, extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}})));
-  Modelica.Blocks.Logical.Not inverse annotation (Placement(
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(origin={-20,30},  extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
+        rotation=90)));
+  Blocks.Logical.Greater greaterEqual_p annotation (Placement(
+        transformation(
+        extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
+        origin={-60,70},
+        rotation=90)));
+  Modelica.Blocks.Logical.Not inverse if commonComparison
+    annotation (Placement(
         transformation(
         extent={{-10,10},{10,-10}},
+        rotation=0,
+        origin={0,90})));
+  Blocks.Math.Add add(final k1=-1, final k2=+1) if
+                         not commonComparison
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{0,-10},{20,10}})));
+  Blocks.Sources.Constant constOne(final k=1) if not commonComparison
+    annotation (Placement(
+        transformation(
+        extent={{-10,-10},{10,10}},
         rotation=90,
-        origin={52,20})));
+        origin={-10,-30})));
+  Blocks.Logical.Greater greaterEqual_n if not commonComparison
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(
+        extent={{-10,10},{10,-10}},
+        origin={60,70},
+        rotation=90)));
 equation
   connect(const.y, limiter.u) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-79,-50},{-70,-50},{-70,0},{-62,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
+      points={{-90,-19},{-90,0},{-72,0}},           color={0,0,127}));
   connect(dutyCycle, limiter.u) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-120,0},{-62,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
+      points={{-120,0},{-72,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
   connect(limiter.y, zeroOrderHold.u) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-39,0},{-32,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
-  connect(zeroOrderHold.y, greaterEqual.u2) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-9,0},{10,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
-  connect(sawtooth.y, greaterEqual.u1) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-39,-50},{0,-50},{0,-8},{10,-8}}, color={0,0,127}));
-  connect(greaterEqual.y, inverse.u) annotation (Line(
-      points={{33,-8},{52,-8},{52,8}}, color={255,0,255}));
-  connect(greaterEqual.y, fire) annotation (Line(
-      points={{33,-8},{36,-8},{36,80},{-60,80},{-60,110}}, color={255,0,255}));
-  connect(inverse.y, notFire) annotation (Line(
-      points={{52,31},{52,80},{60,80},{60,110}}, color={255,0,255}));
-  connect(greaterEqual.u1, triangle.y) annotation (Line(points={{10,-8},{0,-8},{
-          0,-80},{-39,-80}}, color={0,0,127}));
+      points={{-49,0},{-42,0}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(zeroOrderHold.y, add.u1)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-19,0},{-10,0},{-10,6},{-2,6}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(constOne.y, add.u2)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-10,-19},{-10,-6},{-2,-6}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(zeroOrderHold.y, greaterEqual_p.u1) annotation (Line(points={{-19,0},{-10,
+          0},{-10, 18},{-60, 18},{-60,58}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(add.y, greaterEqual_n.u1)
+    annotation (Line(points={{21,0},{60,0},{60,58}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(greaterEqual_p.y, fire)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-60,81},{-60,110}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(greaterEqual_n.y, notFire)
+    annotation (Line(points={{60,81},{60,110}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(greaterEqual_p.y, inverse.u)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-60,81},{-60,90},{-12,90}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(inverse.y, notFire)
+    annotation (Line(points={{11,90},{60,90},{60,110}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(triangle.y, greaterEqual_p.u2) annotation (Line(points={{-20,41},{-20,52},
+          {-52,52},{-52,58}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(triangle.y, greaterEqual_n.u2) annotation (Line(points={{-20,41},{-20,48},
+          {52,48},{52,58}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(greaterEqual_n.u2, sawtooth.y) annotation (Line(points={{52,58},{52,48},
+          {20,48},{20,41}}, color={0,0,127}));
+  connect(greaterEqual_p.u2, sawtooth.y) annotation (Line(points={{-52,58},{-52,
+          52},{20,52},{20,41}},
+                            color={0,0,127}));
   annotation (defaultComponentName="pwm",
     Icon(coordinateSystem(preserveAspectRatio=false, extent={{-100,-100},
             {100,100}}),graphics={Line(
@@ -102,8 +138,8 @@ equation
     Documentation(info="<html>
 <p>
 This controller can be used both for DC/DC and AC/DC converters.
-The signal input of the PWM controller is the duty cycle; the duty cycle is the ratio of the on time
-to the switching period. The output firing signal is strictly determined by the actual duty cycle, indicated as <code>d</code> in Fig.&nbsp;1.
+The signal input of the PWM controller is the duty cycle; the duty cycle is the ratio of the on time to the switching period. 
+The output firing signal is strictly determined by the actual duty cycle, indicated as <code>d</code> in Fig.&nbsp;1.
 </p>
 
 <table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\">
@@ -116,7 +152,21 @@ to the switching period. The output firing signal is strictly determined by the
 </table>
 
 <p>
-The firing signal is generated by comparing the sampled duty cycle input with a periodic saw tooth signal [<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.References\">Williams2006</a>].
+The firing signal is generated by comparing the sampled duty cycle input with a periodic saw tooth 
+[<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.UsersGuide.References\">Williams2006</a>] or triangular signal (carrier).
+</p>
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+<p>
+The user has the choice between two comparison modes:
+</p>
+<p>commonComparison = true : 
+The result of the comparison dutyCyle &gt; carrier is fed to fire_p, the inverse signal to fire_n. 
+</p>
+<p>commonComparison = false: 
+The result of the comparison dutyCyle &gt; carrier is fed to fire_p, 
+the result of the comparison (1 - dutyCyle) &gt; carrier is fed to fire_n. 
+(The result is the same for the comparison dutyCycle &gt; (1 - carrier), i.e. a signal shifted by 180&deg;.)
 </p>
 </html>"));
 end SignalPWM;

Modelica/Electrical/PowerConverters/DCDC/HBridge.mo

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ model HBridge "H bridge (four quadrant converter)"
     final GoffDiode=GoffDiode,
     final VkneeDiode=VkneeDiode,
     final useHeatPort=useHeatPort)
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-20,20},{0,40}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-30,20},{-10,40}})));
   DCAC.SinglePhase2Level inverter_n(
     final RonTransistor=RonTransistor,
     final GoffTransistor=GoffTransistor,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ model HBridge "H bridge (four quadrant converter)"
     final GoffDiode=GoffDiode,
     final VkneeDiode=VkneeDiode,
     final useHeatPort=useHeatPort)
-    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-58,-40},{-38,-20}})));
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{10,-30},{30,-10}})));
   Modelica.Blocks.Interfaces.BooleanInput fire_p
     "Firing signals of positive potential leg" annotation (Placement(
         transformation(
@@ -47,34 +47,43 @@ model HBridge "H bridge (four quadrant converter)"
         extent={{-20,-20},{20,20}},
         rotation=90,
         origin={60,-120})));
+  Blocks.Logical.Not not_p
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{-50,-10},{-30,10}})));
+  Blocks.Logical.Not not_n
+    annotation (Placement(transformation(extent={{50,-60},{30,-40}})));
 equation
   if not useHeatPort then
     LossPower = inverter_p.LossPower + inverter_n.LossPower;
   end if;
   connect(inverter_n.heatPort, heatPort) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-48,-40},{-48,-70},{-10,-70},{-10,-100},{0,-100}}, color={191,0,0}));
+      points={{20,-30},{20,-100},{0,-100}},                       color={191,0,0}));
   connect(inverter_p.heatPort, heatPort) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-10,20},{-10,-100},{0,-100}}, color={191,0,0}));
+      points={{-20,20},{-20,-100},{0,-100}}, color={191,0,0}));
   connect(dc_p1, inverter_p.dc_p) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-100,60},{-70,60},{-70,36},{-20,36}}, color={0,0,255}));
+      points={{-100,60},{-70,60},{-70,36},{-30,36}}, color={0,0,255}));
   connect(dc_p1, inverter_n.dc_p) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-100,60},{-70,60},{-70,-24},{-58,-24}}, color={0,0,255}));
+      points={{-100,60},{-70,60},{-70,-14},{10,-14}},  color={0,0,255}));
   connect(dc_n1, inverter_n.dc_n) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-100,-60},{-80,-60},{-80,-36},{-58,-36}}, color={0,0,255}));
+      points={{-100,-60},{-80,-60},{-80,-26},{10,-26}},  color={0,0,255}));
   connect(dc_n1, inverter_p.dc_n) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-100,-60},{-80,-60},{-80,24},{-20,24}}, color={0,0,255}));
+      points={{-100,-60},{-80,-60},{-80,24},{-30,24}}, color={0,0,255}));
   connect(inverter_p.ac, dc_p2) annotation (Line(
-      points={{0,30},{100,30},{100,60}}, color={0,0,255}));
+      points={{-10,30},{100,30},{100,60}},
+                                         color={0,0,255}));
   connect(inverter_n.ac, dc_n2) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-38,-30},{100,-30},{100,-60}}, color={0,0,255}));
-  connect(andCondition_n.y, inverter_p.fire_n) annotation (Line(
-      points={{60,-69},{60,-50},{-4,-50},{-4,18}}, color={255,0,255}));
-  connect(andCondition_n.y, inverter_n.fire_p) annotation (Line(
-      points={{60,-69},{60,-50},{-54,-50},{-54,-42}}, color={255,0,255}));
-  connect(andCondition_p.y, inverter_n.fire_n) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-60,-69},{-60,-60},{-42,-60},{-42,-42}}, color={255,0,255}));
-  connect(andCondition_p.y, inverter_p.fire_p) annotation (Line(
-      points={{-60,-69},{-60,-60},{-16,-60},{-16,18}}, color={255,0,255}));
+      points={{30,-20},{100,-20},{100,-60}},  color={0,0,255}));
+  connect(andCondition_p.y, inverter_p.fire_p) annotation (Line(points={{-60,-69},
+          {-60, 14},{-26, 14},{-26,18}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(andCondition_n.y, inverter_n.fire_p) annotation (Line(points={{60,-69},
+          {60, -64},{14, -64},{14,-32}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(not_p.y, inverter_p.fire_n)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-29,0},{-14,0},{-14,18}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(andCondition_p.y, not_p.u)
+    annotation (Line(points={{-60,-69},{-60,0},{-52,0}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(andCondition_n.y, not_n.u)
+    annotation (Line(points={{60,-69},{60,-50},{52,-50}}, color={255,0,255}));
+  connect(not_n.y, inverter_n.fire_n)
+    annotation (Line(points={{29,-50},{26,-50},{26,-32}}, color={255,0,255}));
   annotation (defaultComponentName="dcdc",
     Icon(graphics={
         Rectangle(
@@ -130,8 +139,29 @@ The H bridge is a four quadrant DC/DC converter. It consists of two single-phase
   </tr>
 </table>
 
-<p>If the firing inputs <code>fire_p</code> and <code>fire_n</code> are inverse, the two legs are controlled symmetrically so that full positive or negative output voltage can be generated. See examples
-<a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.Examples.DCDC.HBridge\">DCDC.HBridge</a>.
+<p>If the firing inputs <code>fire_p</code> and <code>fire_n</code> are inverse, the two legs are controlled symmetrically so that full positive or negative output voltage can be generated.
+See examples <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.Examples.DCDC.HBridge\">DCDC.HBridge</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Note</h4>
+<p>In the first version, the following signal connections were implementented:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>fire_p to inverter_p.fire_p and inverter_n.fire_n</li>
+<li>fire_n to inverter_p.fire_n and inverter_n.fire_p</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Therefore the two fire signal had be supplied complentary to avoid a short circuit on the source.</p>
+<p>In the enhanced version, the following signal connections are implementented:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>inverter_p.fire_p to fire_p</li>
+<li>inverter_p.fire_n to not fire_p</li>
+<li>inverter_n.fire_p to fire_n</li>
+<li>inverter_n.fire_n to not fire_n</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Therefore a short circuit on the source is avoided intrinsically.</p>
+<p>
+If both versions are provided with the same (complementary) fire signals, identical results are obtained. 
+Additionally, two more switching states are possible: 
+fire_p = fire_n = true (which means switching on both upper switches) and fire_p = fire_n = false (which means switching on both lower switches).
 </p>
 </html>"));
 end HBridge;

Modelica/Electrical/PowerConverters/Examples/DCDC/HBridge/HBridge_DC_Drive.mo

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 within Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.Examples.DCDC.HBridge;
 model HBridge_DC_Drive "H bridge DC/DC converter with DC drive"
-  extends ExampleTemplates.HBridge(signalPWM(useConstantDutyCycle=false),
+  extends ExampleTemplates.HBridge(signalPWM(useConstantDutyCycle=false,
+      refType=Modelica.Electrical.PowerConverters.Types.SingleReferenceType.Triangle,
+      commonComparison=false),
       constantVoltage(V=120));
+
   extends Modelica.Icons.Example;
   parameter SI.Inductance Ld=3*dcpmData.La
     "Smoothing inductance";

Modelica/package.mo

@@ -2391,6 +2391,12 @@ The following <font color=\"blue\"><strong>existing components</strong></font> h
 <tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Modelica.Blocks.Tables</strong></td></tr>
 <tr><td>CombiTable1Ds<br>CombiTable1Dv<br>CombiTable2Ds<br>CombiTable2Dv</td>
     <td>Added support of reading CSV files.</td></tr>
+<tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Electrical.PowerConverters.DCDC</strong></td></tr>
+<tr><td>HBridge</td>
+    <td>An enhanced distribution of the fire signals avoids a short circuit on the source, and enables an enhanced pwm algorithm.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Control.SignalPWM</td>
+    <td>The reference signal can be choosen between sawtooth and triangle, and 
+        the comparison between dutyCycle and reference signal is either applied common or separated for both fire ports.</td></tr>
 <tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>Mechanics.Rotational.Components</strong></td></tr>
 <tr><td>BearingFriction</td>
     <td>The table interpolation in <code>tau_pos</code> utilizes the interpolation based on <a href=\"modelica://Modelica.Blocks.Types.ExternalCombiTable1D\">ExternalCombiTable1D</a>.</td></tr>