diff --git a/client/client_test.go b/client/client_test.go
index ead07cd53ffd2..681d0d9241caf 100644
--- a/client/client_test.go
+++ b/client/client_test.go
@@ -185,6 +185,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		testAttestationBundle,
 		testSBOMScan,
 		testSBOMScanSingleRef,
+		testMountStubsTimestamp,
 	)
 	tests = append(tests, diffOpTestCases()...)
 	integration.Run(t, tests, mirrors)
@@ -7759,6 +7760,61 @@ EOF
 	require.Equal(t, map[string]interface{}{"success": false}, attest.Predicate)
 }
 
+// https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/3148
+func testMountStubsTimestamp(t *testing.T, sb integration.Sandbox) {
+	c, err := New(sb.Context(), sb.Address())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	const sourceDateEpoch = int64(1234567890) // Fri Feb 13 11:31:30 PM UTC 2009
+	st := llb.Image("busybox:latest").Run(
+		llb.Args([]string{"/bin/touch", fmt.Sprintf("--date=@%d", sourceDateEpoch), "/bin", "/etc"}),
+	)
+	def, err := st.Marshal(sb.Context())
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	tarFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "out.tar")
+	tarFileW, err := os.Create(tarFile)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer tarFileW.Close()
+
+	_, err = c.Solve(sb.Context(), def, SolveOpt{
+		Exports: []ExportEntry{
+			{
+				Type:   ExporterTar,
+				Output: fixedWriteCloser(tarFileW),
+			},
+		},
+	}, nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	tarFileW.Close()
+
+	tarFileR, err := os.Open(tarFile)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer tarFileR.Close()
+	tarR := tar.NewReader(tarFileR)
+	touched := map[string]*tar.Header{
+		"bin/": nil,
+		"etc/": nil,
+	}
+	for {
+		hd, err := tarR.Next()
+		if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			break
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		if x, ok := touched[hd.Name]; ok && x == nil {
+			touched[hd.Name] = hd
+		}
+	}
+	for name, hd := range touched {
+		t.Logf("Verifying %q (%+v)", name, hd)
+		require.NotNil(t, hd, name)
+		require.Equal(t, sourceDateEpoch, hd.ModTime.Unix(), name)
+	}
+}
+
 func makeSSHAgentSock(t *testing.T, agent agent.Agent) (p string, err error) {
 	tmpDir, err := integration.Tmpdir(t)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/executor/stubs.go b/executor/stubs.go
index 2c13b13053a4f..167db203f6570 100644
--- a/executor/stubs.go
+++ b/executor/stubs.go
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/continuity/fs"
+	"github.com/moby/buildkit/util/system"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 func MountStubsCleaner(dir string, mounts []Mount) func() {
@@ -43,7 +45,29 @@ func MountStubsCleaner(dir string, mounts []Mount) func() {
 			if st.Size() != 0 {
 				continue
 			}
-			os.Remove(p)
+			// Back up the timestamps of the dir for reproducible builds
+			// https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/3148
+			dir := filepath.Dir(p)
+			dirSt, err := os.Stat(dir)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.WithError(err).Warnf("Failed to stat %q (parent of mount stub %q)", dir, p)
+				continue
+			}
+			mtime := dirSt.ModTime()
+			atime, err := system.Atime(dirSt)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.WithError(err).Warnf("Failed to stat atime of %q (parent of mount stub %q)", dir, p)
+				atime = mtime
+			}
+
+			if err := os.Remove(p); err != nil {
+				logrus.WithError(err).Warnf("Failed to remove mount stub %q", p)
+			}
+
+			// Restore the timestamps of the dir
+			if err := os.Chtimes(dir, atime, mtime); err != nil {
+				logrus.WithError(err).Warnf("Failed to restore time time mount stub timestamp (os.Chtimes(%q, %v, %v))", dir, atime, mtime)
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/util/system/atime_unix.go b/util/system/atime_unix.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d3f44aa53a324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/system/atime_unix.go
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//go:build !windows
+// +build !windows
+
+package system
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	iofs "io/fs"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/continuity/fs"
+)
+
+func Atime(st iofs.FileInfo) (time.Time, error) {
+	stSys, ok := st.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	if !ok {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("expected st.Sys() to be *syscall.Stat_t, got %T", st.Sys())
+	}
+	return fs.StatATimeAsTime(stSys), nil
+}
diff --git a/util/system/atime_windows.go b/util/system/atime_windows.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..808408b613cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/system/atime_windows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package system
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	iofs "io/fs"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func Atime(st iofs.FileInfo) (time.Time, error) {
+	stSys, ok := st.Sys().(*syscall.Win32FileAttributeData)
+	if !ok {
+		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("expected st.Sys() to be *syscall.Win32FileAttributeData, got %T", st.Sys())
+	}
+	// ref: https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.19.2/src/os/types_windows.go#L230
+	return time.Unix(0, stSys.LastAccessTime.Nanoseconds()), nil
+}