diff --git a/.ci/azure-pipelines-steps.yml b/.ci/azure-pipelines-steps.yml
index 919b992b1..c90085792 100644
--- a/.ci/azure-pipelines-steps.yml
+++ b/.ci/azure-pipelines-steps.yml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ steps:
     set -o errexit
     set -o nounset
     set -o pipefail
+    set -o verbose
 
     sudo apt-get update
     sudo apt-get install -y python2-dev python3-pip virtualenv
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ steps:
     set -o errexit
     set -o nounset
     set -o pipefail
+    set -o verbose
 
     # macOS builders lack a realpath command
     type python  && python  -c"import os.path;print(os.path.realpath('$(type -p python)'))" &&  python --version
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ steps:
     set -o errexit
     set -o nounset
     set -o pipefail
+    set -o verbose
 
     # Tox environment name (e.g. py312-mode_mitogen) -> Python executable name (e.g. python3.12)
     PYTHON=$(python -c 'import re; print(re.sub(r"^py([23])([0-9]{1,2}).*", r"python\1.\2", "$(tox.env)"))')
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ steps:
     set -o errexit
     set -o nounset
     set -o pipefail
+    set -o verbose
 
     # Tox environment name (e.g. py312-mode_mitogen) -> Python executable name (e.g. python3.12)
     PYTHON=$(python -c 'import re; print(re.sub(r"^py([23])([0-9]{1,2}).*", r"python\1.\2", "$(tox.env)"))')
diff --git a/.ci/azure-pipelines.yml b/.ci/azure-pipelines.yml
index 94919e350..51908e928 100644
--- a/.ci/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/.ci/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -16,32 +16,21 @@ trigger:
       - docs-master
 
 jobs:
-- job: mac11
+- job: mac12
   # vanilla Ansible is really slow
   timeoutInMinutes: 120
   steps:
   - template: azure-pipelines-steps.yml
   pool:
-    # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/main/images/macos/macos-11-Readme.md
-    vmImage: macOS-11
+    # https://github.com/actions/runner-images/blob/main/images/macos/macos-12-Readme.md
+    vmImage: macOS-12
   strategy:
     matrix:
-      Mito_27:
-        tox.env: py27-mode_mitogen
       Mito_312:
-        python.version: '3.12'
         tox.env: py312-mode_mitogen
-
-      Loc_27_210:
-        tox.env: py27-mode_localhost-ansible2.10
       Loc_312_9:
-        python.version: '3.12'
         tox.env: py312-mode_localhost-ansible9
-
-      Van_27_210:
-        tox.env: py27-mode_localhost-ansible2.10-strategy_linear
       Van_312_9:
-        python.version: '3.12'
         tox.env: py312-mode_localhost-ansible9-strategy_linear
 
 - job: Linux
diff --git a/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/all.yml b/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/all.yml
index cea46113d..ad4adabb6 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/all.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/all.yml
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 ---
 pkg_mgr_python_interpreter: python
+pkg_repos_overrides: []
diff --git a/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/centos8.yml b/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/centos8.yml
index 7b9e34f63..c90dd5f46 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/centos8.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/centos8.yml
@@ -1,2 +1,28 @@
 ---
 pkg_mgr_python_interpreter: /usr/libexec/platform-python
+
+pkg_repos_overrides:
+  - dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo
+    content: |
+      [appstream]
+      name=CentOS Linux $releasever - AppStream
+      baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
+      enabled=1
+      gpgcheck=1
+      gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
+  - dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo
+    content: |
+      [baseos]
+      name=CentOS Linux $releasever - BaseOS
+      baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
+      enabled=1
+      gpgcheck=1
+      gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
+  - dest: /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo
+    content: |
+      [extras]
+      name=CentOS Linux $releasever - Extras
+      baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
+      enabled=1
+      gpgcheck=1
+      gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
diff --git a/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/debian9.yml b/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/debian9.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b180b138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ansible/hosts/group_vars/debian9.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pkg_repos_overrides:
+  - dest: /etc/apt/sources.list
+    content: |
+      deb http://archive.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free
diff --git a/tests/ansible/integration/become/sudo_nonexistent.yml b/tests/ansible/integration/become/sudo_nonexistent.yml
index e7a849c22..912d1ba81 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/integration/become/sudo_nonexistent.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/integration/become/sudo_nonexistent.yml
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@
           # sudo-1.8.6p3-29.el6_10.3 on RHEL & CentOS 6.10 (final release)
           # removed user/group error messages, as defence against CVE-2019-14287.
           - >-
-            'sudo: unknown user: slartibartfast' in out.module_stdout | default(out.msg)
-            or 'sudo: unknown user: slartibartfast' in out.module_stderr | default(out.msg)
+            (out.module_stderr | default(out.module_stdout, true) | default(out.msg, true)) is search('sudo: unknown user:? slartibartfast')
             or (ansible_facts.os_family == 'RedHat' and ansible_facts.distribution_version == '6.10')
         fail_msg: out={{out}}
       when:
diff --git a/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_json_args_module.py b/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_json_args_module.py
index 846037ecd..616405790 100755
--- a/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_json_args_module.py
+++ b/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_json_args_module.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 # I am an Ansible Python JSONARGS module. I should receive an encoding string.
 
 json_arguments = """<<INCLUDE_ANSIBLE_MODULE_JSON_ARGS>>"""
diff --git a/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_os_getcwd.py b/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_os_getcwd.py
index d465ac9e8..c5e264ae4 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_os_getcwd.py
+++ b/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_os_getcwd.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 # #591: call os.getcwd() before AnsibleModule ever gets a chance to fix up the
 # process environment.
 
diff --git a/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_want_json_module.py b/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_want_json_module.py
index 23eeeb553..f5e338621 100755
--- a/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_want_json_module.py
+++ b/tests/ansible/lib/modules/custom_python_want_json_module.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 # I am an Ansible Python WANT_JSON module. I should receive a JSON-encoded file.
 
 import json
diff --git a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_591__setuptools_cwd_crash.yml b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_591__setuptools_cwd_crash.yml
index d5f0815b5..ff102b135 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_591__setuptools_cwd_crash.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_591__setuptools_cwd_crash.yml
@@ -19,9 +19,6 @@
 
   # Will crash if process has a nonexistent CWD.
   - custom_python_os_getcwd:
-      script: |
-        import os
-        self._connection.get_chain().call(os.getcwd)
   tags:
     - issue_591
     - mitogen_only
diff --git a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
index 9ad42a106..4972d91a2 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
@@ -11,11 +11,10 @@
   tasks:
     - meta: end_play
       when:
-        # TODO CI currently runs on macOS 11 images in Azure DevOps. MacOS 11
-        #      is no longer supported by homebrew, so the following install
-        #      task fails.
+        # TODO CI currently runs on macOS 12 & which isn't supported by Podman
+        #      version available in Homebrew.
         - ansible_facts.system == 'Darwin'
-        - ansible_facts.distribution_major_version == '11'
+        - ansible_facts.distribution_version is version('13.0', '<', strict=True)
 
     - name: set up test container and run tests inside it
       block:
diff --git a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_776__load_plugins_called_twice.yml b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_776__load_plugins_called_twice.yml
index ad5bbd693..496714cc5 100755
--- a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_776__load_plugins_called_twice.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_776__load_plugins_called_twice.yml
@@ -10,21 +10,19 @@
     ansible_python_interpreter: "{{ pkg_mgr_python_interpreter }}"
     package: rsync  # Chosen to exist in all tested distros/package managers
   tasks:
-    - name: Switch to centos-stream
-      command: dnf --assumeyes --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo=extras swap centos-linux-repos centos-stream-repos
-      when:
-        - ansible_facts.pkg_mgr in ["dnf"]
+    #- name: Switch to centos-stream
+    #  command: dnf --assumeyes --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo=extras swap centos-linux-repos centos-stream-repos
+    #  when:
+    #    - ansible_facts.pkg_mgr in ["dnf"]
 
-    - name: Switch to archive.debian.org
-      # Debian 9 has been archived https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2023/03/msg00006.html
+    - name: Switch to archived package repositories
       copy:
-        content: |
-          deb http://archive.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free
-        dest: /etc/apt/sources.list
+        dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
+        content: "{{ item.content }}"
         mode: u=rw,go=r
-      when:
-        - ansible_facts.distribution == "Debian"
-        - ansible_facts.distribution_major_version == "9"
+      loop: "{{ pkg_repos_overrides }}"
+      loop_control:
+        label: "{{ item.dest }}"
 
     - name: Add signing keys
       copy:
diff --git a/tests/ansible/requirements.txt b/tests/ansible/requirements.txt
index 2c3c87c86..8cfb348ab 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/requirements.txt
+++ b/tests/ansible/requirements.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 paramiko==2.3.2  # Last 2.6-compat version.
+# Incompatible with pip >= 72, due to removal of `setup.py test`:
+#   ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'setuptools.command.test'
+# https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/4519
 hdrhistogram==0.6.1
 PyYAML==3.11; python_version < '2.7'
 PyYAML==5.3.1; python_version >= '2.7'  # Latest release (Jan 2021)
diff --git a/tests/constraints.txt b/tests/constraints.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6adaa30be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/constraints.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Setuptools 72 removed `setup.py test`. hdrhistogram 0.6.1 still depends on it.
+# TODO Bump dependencies and unconstrain Pip.
+setuptools<72
diff --git a/tests/two_three_compat_test.py b/tests/two_three_compat_test.py
index 4490e5d26..ab9f4e19e 100644
--- a/tests/two_three_compat_test.py
+++ b/tests/two_three_compat_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import os
+import unittest
+
 import mitogen.core
 
 import testlib
@@ -7,6 +10,10 @@
 # TODO: this is a joke. 2/3 interop is one of the hardest bits to get right.
 # There should be 100 tests in this file.
 
+@unittest.skipIf(
+    os.uname()[0] == 'Darwin' and int(os.uname()[2].partition('.')[0]) >= 21,
+    "Python 2.x not shipped on macOS 12.3+ (Darwin 21.4+, Monterey)",
+)
 class TwoThreeCompatTest(testlib.RouterMixin, testlib.TestCase):
     if mitogen.core.PY3:
         python_path = 'python2'
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 55fd1842e..a0b0e1ae0 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ setenv =
     ANSIBLE_STRATEGY = mitogen_linear
     NOCOVERAGE_ERASE = 1
     NOCOVERAGE_REPORT = 1
+    PIP_CONSTRAINT={toxinidir}/tests/constraints.txt
     # Only applicable to MODE=mitogen
     distro_centos5: DISTRO=centos5
     distro_centos6: DISTRO=centos6