[0.76] Backport use a legacy native module binding that always returns null in bridgeless mode (#13976)

* Use a legacy native module binding that always returns null in bridgeless mode (#13905)

* Use a legacy native module binding that always returns null in bridgeless mode

* Change files

* format

* SampleTurboModule only works as a turbomodule, so do not install it when using web debugger (#13911)

* SampleTurboModule only works as a turbomodule, so do not install it when using web debugger

* Change files

* fix

Author: acoates-ms

change/react-native-windows-40511e3c-feb7-429f-9b7f-22d0ba2f9dc1.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "prerelease",
+  "comment": "Use a legacy native module binding that always returns null in bridgeless mode",
+  "packageName": "react-native-windows",
+  "email": "30809111+acoates-ms@users.noreply.github.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}

change/react-native-windows-8fc62f61-155f-45b2-824c-26d42a3281cb.json

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "prerelease",
+  "comment": "SampleTurboModule only works as a turbomodule, so do not install it when using web debugger",
+  "packageName": "react-native-windows",
+  "email": "30809111+acoates-ms@users.noreply.github.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}

vnext/Microsoft.ReactNative/ReactHost/ReactInstanceWin.cpp

@@ -400,9 +400,12 @@ void ReactInstanceWin::LoadModules(
   }
 #endif
 
-  registerTurboModule(
-      L"SampleTurboModule",
-      winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::MakeTurboModuleProvider<::Microsoft::ReactNative::SampleTurboModule>());
+  if (!m_options.UseWebDebugger()) {
+    turboModulesProvider->AddModuleProvider(
+        L"SampleTurboModule",
+        winrt::Microsoft::ReactNative::MakeTurboModuleProvider<::Microsoft::ReactNative::SampleTurboModule>(),
+        false);
+  }
 
   if (devSettings->useTurboModulesOnly) {
     ::Microsoft::ReactNative::ExceptionsManager::SetRedBoxHander(
@@ -680,8 +683,16 @@ void ReactInstanceWin::InitializeBridgeless() noexcept {
                 return turboModuleManager->getModule(name);
               };
 
+              // Use a legacy native module binding that always returns null
+              // This means that calls to NativeModules.XXX will always return null, rather than crashing on access
+              auto legacyNativeModuleBinding =
+                  [](const std::string & /*name*/) -> std::shared_ptr<facebook::react::TurboModule> { return nullptr; };
+
               facebook::react::TurboModuleBinding::install(
-                  runtime, std::function(binding), nullptr, m_options.TurboModuleProvider->LongLivedObjectCollection());
+                  runtime,
+                  std::function(binding),
+                  std::function(legacyNativeModuleBinding),
+                  m_options.TurboModuleProvider->LongLivedObjectCollection());
 
               auto componentDescriptorRegistry =
                   Microsoft::ReactNative::WindowsComponentDescriptorRegistry::FromProperties(