Add virtual file system settings and hook proc

On index load, clear/set the skip worktree bits based on the virtual
file system data. Use virtual file system data to update skip-worktree
bit in unpack-trees. Use virtual file system data to exclude files and
folders not explicitly requested.

Update 2022-04-05: disable the "present-despite-SKIP_WORKTREE" file removal
behavior when 'core.virtualfilesystem' is enabled.

Signed-off-by: Ben Peart <benpeart@microsoft.com>

Author: benpeart

Documentation/config/core.txt

@@ -111,6 +111,14 @@ Version 2 uses an opaque string so that the monitor can return
 something that can be used to determine what files have changed
 without race conditions.
 
+core.virtualFilesystem::
+	If set, the value of this variable is used as a command which
+	will identify all files and directories that are present in
+	the working directory.  Git will only track and update files
+	listed in the virtual file system.  Using the virtual file system
+	will supersede the sparse-checkout settings which will be ignored.
+	See the "virtual file system" section of linkgit:githooks[5].
+
 core.trustctime::
 	If false, the ctime differences between the index and the
 	working tree are ignored; useful when the inode change time

Documentation/githooks.txt

@@ -698,6 +698,26 @@ and "0" meaning they were not.
 Only one parameter should be set to "1" when the hook runs.  The hook
 running passing "1", "1" should not be possible.
 
+virtualFilesystem
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+"Virtual File System" allows populating the working directory sparsely.
+The projection data is typically automatically generated by an external
+process.  Git will limit what files it checks for changes as well as which
+directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names given.
+Git will also only update those files listed in the projection.
+
+The hook is invoked when the configuration option core.virtualFilesystem
+is set.  It takes one argument, a version (currently 1).
+
+The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working
+directory that git should track.  The paths are relative to the root
+of the working directory and are separated by a single NUL.  Full paths
+('dir1/a.txt') as well as directories are supported (ie 'dir1/').
+
+The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the
+hook.  On error, git will abort the command with an error message.
+
 SEE ALSO
 --------
 linkgit:git-hook[1]

Makefile

@@ -1121,6 +1121,7 @@ LIB_OBJS += utf8.o
 LIB_OBJS += varint.o
 LIB_OBJS += version.o
 LIB_OBJS += versioncmp.o
+LIB_OBJS += virtualfilesystem.o
 LIB_OBJS += walker.o
 LIB_OBJS += wildmatch.o
 LIB_OBJS += worktree.o

cache.h

@@ -1074,6 +1074,7 @@ enum fsync_method {
 
 extern enum fsync_method fsync_method;
 extern int core_preload_index;
+extern const char *core_virtualfilesystem;
 extern int core_gvfs;
 extern int precomposed_unicode;
 extern int protect_hfs;

config.c

@@ -1736,7 +1736,11 @@ int git_default_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 	}
 
 	if (!strcmp(var, "core.sparsecheckout")) {
-		core_apply_sparse_checkout = git_config_bool(var, value);
+		/* virtual file system relies on the sparse checkout logic so force it on */
+		if (core_virtualfilesystem)
+			core_apply_sparse_checkout = 1;
+		else
+			core_apply_sparse_checkout = git_config_bool(var, value);
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -2800,6 +2804,30 @@ int git_config_get_max_percent_split_change(void)
 	return -1; /* default value */
 }
 
+int git_config_get_virtualfilesystem(void)
+{
+	/* Run only once. */
+	static int virtual_filesystem_result = -1;
+	if (virtual_filesystem_result >= 0)
+		return virtual_filesystem_result;
+
+	if (git_config_get_pathname("core.virtualfilesystem", &core_virtualfilesystem))
+		core_virtualfilesystem = getenv("GIT_VIRTUALFILESYSTEM_TEST");
+
+	if (core_virtualfilesystem && !*core_virtualfilesystem)
+		core_virtualfilesystem = NULL;
+
+	/* virtual file system relies on the sparse checkout logic so force it on */
+	if (core_virtualfilesystem) {
+		core_apply_sparse_checkout = 1;
+		virtual_filesystem_result = 1;
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	virtual_filesystem_result = 0;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int git_config_get_index_threads(int *dest)
 {
 	int is_bool, val;

config.h

@@ -614,6 +614,7 @@ int git_config_get_pathname(const char *key, const char **dest);
 int git_config_get_index_threads(int *dest);
 int git_config_get_split_index(void);
 int git_config_get_max_percent_split_change(void);
+int git_config_get_virtualfilesystem(void);
 
 /* This dies if the configured or default date is in the future */
 int git_config_get_expiry(const char *key, const char **output);

dir.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  *		 Junio Hamano, 2005-2006
  */
 #include "cache.h"
+#include "virtualfilesystem.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "dir.h"
 #include "object-store.h"
@@ -1414,6 +1415,17 @@ enum pattern_match_result path_matches_pattern_list(
 	int result = NOT_MATCHED;
 	size_t slash_pos;
 
+	/*
+	 * The virtual file system data is used to prevent git from traversing
+	 * any part of the tree that is not in the virtual file system.  Return
+	 * 1 to exclude the entry if it is not found in the virtual file system,
+	 * else fall through to the regular excludes logic as it may further exclude.
+	 */
+	if (*dtype == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		*dtype = resolve_dtype(DT_UNKNOWN, istate, pathname, pathlen);
+	if (is_excluded_from_virtualfilesystem(pathname, pathlen, *dtype) > 0)
+		return 1;
+
 	if (!pl->use_cone_patterns) {
 		pattern = last_matching_pattern_from_list(pathname, pathlen, basename,
 							dtype, pl, istate);
@@ -1757,8 +1769,20 @@ struct path_pattern *last_matching_pattern(struct dir_struct *dir,
 int is_excluded(struct dir_struct *dir, struct index_state *istate,
 		const char *pathname, int *dtype_p)
 {
-	struct path_pattern *pattern =
-		last_matching_pattern(dir, istate, pathname, dtype_p);
+	struct path_pattern *pattern;
+
+	/*
+	 * The virtual file system data is used to prevent git from traversing
+	 * any part of the tree that is not in the virtual file system.  Return
+	 * 1 to exclude the entry if it is not found in the virtual file system,
+	 * else fall through to the regular excludes logic as it may further exclude.
+	 */
+	if (*dtype_p == DT_UNKNOWN)
+		*dtype_p = resolve_dtype(DT_UNKNOWN, istate, pathname, strlen(pathname));
+	if (is_excluded_from_virtualfilesystem(pathname, strlen(pathname), *dtype_p) > 0)
+		return 1;
+
+	pattern = last_matching_pattern(dir, istate, pathname, dtype_p);
 	if (pattern)
 		return pattern->flags & PATTERN_FLAG_NEGATIVE ? 0 : 1;
 	return 0;
@@ -2344,6 +2368,8 @@ static enum path_treatment treat_path(struct dir_struct *dir,
 						ignore_case);
 	if (dtype != DT_DIR && has_path_in_index)
 		return path_none;
+	if (is_excluded_from_virtualfilesystem(path->buf, path->len, dtype) > 0)
+		return path_excluded;
 
 	/*
 	 * When we are looking at a directory P in the working tree,
@@ -2548,6 +2574,8 @@ static void add_path_to_appropriate_result_list(struct dir_struct *dir,
 	/* add the path to the appropriate result list */
 	switch (state) {
 	case path_excluded:
+		if (is_excluded_from_virtualfilesystem(path->buf, path->len, DT_DIR) > 0)
+			break;
 		if (dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED)
 			dir_add_name(dir, istate, path->buf, path->len);
 		else if ((dir->flags & DIR_SHOW_IGNORED_TOO) ||

environment.c

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ int core_apply_sparse_checkout;
 int core_sparse_checkout_cone;
 int sparse_expect_files_outside_of_patterns;
 int core_gvfs;
+const char *core_virtualfilesystem;
 int merge_log_config = -1;
 int precomposed_unicode = -1; /* see probe_utf8_pathname_composition() */
 unsigned long pack_size_limit_cfg;

read-cache.c

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 #include "cache.h"
 #include "gvfs.h"
+#include "virtualfilesystem.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "diff.h"
 #include "diffcore.h"
@@ -2047,6 +2048,7 @@ static void post_read_index_from(struct index_state *istate)
 	tweak_untracked_cache(istate);
 	tweak_split_index(istate);
 	tweak_fsmonitor(istate);
+	apply_virtualfilesystem(istate);
 }
 
 static size_t estimate_cache_size_from_compressed(unsigned int entries)

sparse-index.c

@@ -495,6 +495,7 @@ void clear_skip_worktree_from_present_files(struct index_state *istate)
 	int i;
 
 	if (!core_apply_sparse_checkout ||
+	    core_virtualfilesystem ||
 	    sparse_expect_files_outside_of_patterns)
 		return;