es.json

{"code":"es","name":"El Salvador","region":"Central America and Caribbean","background":"El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms.","geo":{"Location":"Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras","Geographic coordinates":{"N":{"deg":13,"min":50},"W":{"deg":88,"min":55}},"Map references":{},"Area":{"total":{"quantity":21041,"unit":"sq km"},"country comparison to the world":"","land":{"quantity":20721,"unit":"sq km"},"water":{"quantity":320,"unit":"sq km"}},"Area - comparative":"slightly smaller than Massachusetts","Land boundaries":{"total":{"quantity":545,"unit":"km"},"border countries":"Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km"},"Coastline":{"quantity":307,"unit":"km"},"Maritime claims":{"territorial sea":{"quantity":12,"unit":"nm"},"contiguous zone":{"quantity":24,"unit":"nm"},"exclusive economic zone":{"quantity":200,"unit":"nm"}},"Terrain":"mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau","Elevation extremes":{"lowest point":"Pacific Ocean 0 m","highest point":"Cerro El Pital 2,730 m"},"Land use":{"arable land":{"quantity":31.37,"unit":"%"},"permanent crops":{"quantity":11.88,"unit":"%"},"other":{"quantity":56.75,"unit":"%"}},"Irrigated land":{"quantity":450,"unit":"sq km"},"Total renewable water resources":{"quantity":25.2,"unit":"cu km"},"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)":{"total":{"quantity":1.28,"unit":"cu km/yr"},"per capita":{"quantity":186,"unit":"cu m/yr"}},"Natural hazards":{"Natural hazards":"known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes","volcanism":"El Salvador experiences significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (elev. 1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (elev. 2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana"},"internationalEnvironmentAgreements":{"signed, but not ratified":"Law of the Sea","partyTo":["Biodiversity","Climate Change","Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol","Desertification","Endangered Species","Hazardous Wastes","Ozone Layer Protection","Wetlands"]},"naturalResources":["hydropower","geothermal power","petroleum","arable land"],"environmentalIssues":["deforestation","soil erosion","water pollution","contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes"],"climate":["tropical","rainy season (May to October)","dry season (November to April)","tropical on coast","temperate in uplands"],"geographyNote":["smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea"]},"people":{"Population":6071,"Age structure":{"0-14 years":{"quantity":30.6,"unit":"%"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":63,"unit":"%"},"65 years and over":"6.4% (male 173,363/female 215,577) (2011 est.)"},"Median age":{"total":{"quantity":24.3,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":22.9,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":25.7,"unit":"years"}},"Population growth rate":{"quantity":0.318,"unit":"%"},"Birth rate":{"quantity":17.75,"unit":"births/1,000 population"},"Death rate":{"quantity":5.62,"unit":"deaths/1,000 population"},"Net migration rate":"-8.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)","Urbanization":{"urban population":{"quantity":64,"unit":"% of total population"},"rate of urbanization":{"quantity":1.4,"unit":"% annual rate of change"}},"Major cities - population":"SAN SALVADOR (capital) 1.534 million (2009)","Sex ratio":{"at birth":{"quantity":1.05,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"under 15 years":{"quantity":1.05,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":0.89,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"65 years and over":{"quantity":0.81,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"total population":{"quantity":0.93,"unit":"male(s)/female"}},"Infant mortality rate":{"total":{"quantity":20.3,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":22.36,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"female":{"quantity":18.15,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"}},"Life expectancy at birth":{"total population":{"quantity":73.44,"unit":"years"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":70.16,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":76.87,"unit":"years"}},"Total fertility rate":{"quantity":2.08,"unit":"children born/woman"},"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate":{"quantity":0.8,"unit":"%"},"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS":34000,"HIV/AIDS - deaths":1400,"Drinking water source":{},"Sanitation facility access":{},"Nationality":{"noun":"Salvadoran(s)","adjective":"Salvadoran"},"Literacy":{"definition":"age 15 and over can read and write","total population":{"quantity":81.1,"unit":"%"},"male":{"quantity":82.8,"unit":"%"},"female":{"quantity":79.6,"unit":"%"}},"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)":{"total":{"quantity":12,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":12,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":12,"unit":"years"}},"Education expenditures":{"quantity":3.6,"unit":"% of GDP"},"majorInfectiousDiseases":{"degree of risk":"high","food or waterborne diseases":"bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever","vectorborne diseases":"dengue fever","water contact disease":"leptospirosis (2009)"},"ethnicGroups":["mestizo 90%","white 9%","Amerindian 1%"],"religions":["Roman Catholic 57.1%","Protestant 21.2%","Jehovah's Witnesses 1.9%","Mormon 0.7%","other religions 2.3%","none 16.8% (2003 est.)"],"languages":["Spanish (official)","Nahua (among some Amerindians)"]},"government":{"Country name":{"conventional long form":"Republic of El Salvador","conventional short form":"El Salvador","local long form":"Republica de El Salvador","local short form":"El Salvador"},"Government type":"republic","Capital":{"name":"San Salvador","geographic coordinates":{"N":{"deg":13,"min":42},"W":{"deg":89,"min":12}},"time difference":"UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)","daylight saving time":"none scheduled for 2011"},"Independence":"15 September 1821 (from Spain)","National holiday":"Independence Day, 15 September (1821)","Legal system":"civil law system with minor common law influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court","International law organization participation":"has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt","Suffrage":"18 years of age; universal","Executive branch":{"chief of state":"President Mauricio FUNES Cartagena (since 1 June 2009); Vice President Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (since 1 June 2009); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government","head of government":"President Mauricio FUNES Cartagena (since 1 June 2009); Vice President Salvador SANCHEZ CEREN (since 1 June 2009)","cabinet":"Council of Ministers selected by the president","elections":"president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held on 15 March 2009 (next to be held in March 2014)","election results":"Mauricio FUNES Cartagena elected president; percent of vote - Mauricio FUNES Cartagena 51.3%, Rodrigo AVILA 48.7%"},"Legislative branch":{"Legislative branch":"unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)","elections":"last held on 18 January 2009 (next to be held in March 2012)","election results":"percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FMLN 35, ARENA 32, PCN 11, PDC 5, CD 1; note - as of 1 January 2011, the current composition of the legislature by seats is as follows: FMLN 35, ARENA 19, GANA 16, PCN 10, PDC 2, CD 1, independent 1"},"Judicial branch":"Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (15 judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly; the 15 judges are assigned to four Supreme Court chambers - constitutional, civil, penal, and administrative conflict)","Political parties and leaders":"Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD [Oscar KATTAN] (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA]; Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [Alfredo CRISTIANI]; Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Andres ROVIRA]","Political pressure groups and leaders":"labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI","Diplomatic representation in the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador Francisco Robert ALTSCHUL Fuentes","chancery":"Suite 100, 1400 16th Street, Washington, DC 20036","telephone":"[1] (202) 265-9671","FAX":"[1] (202) 234-3763","consulate(s) general":"Chicago, Dallas, Duluth (Georgia), Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York (2), Nogales (Arizona), Santa Ana (California), San Francisco, Washington (DC), Woodbridge (Virginia)"},"Diplomatic representation from the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Robert BLAU","embassy":"Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador","mailing address":"Unit 3450, APO AA 34023; 3450 San Salvador Place, Washington, DC 20521-3450","telephone":"[503] 2501-2999","FAX":"[503] 2501-2150"},"Flag description":{"Flag description":"three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; the banner is based on the former blue-white-blue flag of the Federal Republic of Central America; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, while the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water, as well as peace and prosperity"},"National anthem":{"name":"\"Himno Nacional de El Salvador\" (National Anthem of El Salvador)","lyrics/music":"Juan Jose CANAS/Juan ABERLE"},"internationalOrganizations":["BCIE","CACM","CD","FAO","G-11","G-77","IADB","IAEA","IBRD","ICAO","ICC","ICRM","IDA","IFAD","IFC","IFRCS","ILO","IMF","IMO","Interpol","IOC","IOM","IPU","ISO (correspondent)","ITSO","ITU","ITUC","LAES","LAIA (observer)","MIGA","MINURSO","NAM (observer)","OAS","OPANAL","OPCW","PCA","RG","SICA","UN","UNCTAD","UNESCO","UNIDO","UNIFIL","Union Latina","UNMIL","UNMIS","UNOCI","UNWTO","UPU","WCO","WFTU","WHO","WIPO","WMO","WTO"],"administrativeDivisions":["14 departments (departamentos","singular - departamento)","Ahuachapan","Cabanas","Chalatenango","Cuscatlan","La Libertad","La Paz","La Union","Morazan","San Miguel","San Salvador","San Vicente","Santa Ana","Sonsonate","Usulutan"]},"economy":{"Economy - overview":"Despite being the smallest country geographically in Central America, El Salvador has the third largest economy in the region. The economy took a hit from the global recession and real GDP contracted by 3.5% in 2009. The economy began a slow recovery in 2010 on the back of improved export and remittances figures. Remittances accounted for 16% of GDP in 2009, and about a third of all households receive these transfers. In 2006 El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Dominican Republic-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), which has bolstered the export of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector amid increased Asian competition and the expiration of the Multi-Fiber Agreement in 2005. El Salvador has promoted an open trade and investment environment, and has embarked on a wave of privatizations extending to telecom, electricity distribution, banking, and pension funds. In late 2006, the government and the Millennium Challenge Corporation signed a five-year, $461 million compact to stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty in the country's northern region, the primary conflict zone during the civil war, through investments in education, public services, enterprise development, and transportation infrastructure. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency in 2001, El Salvador lost control over monetary policy. Any counter-cyclical policy response to the downturn must be through fiscal policy, which is constrained by legislative requirements for a two-thirds majority to approve any international financing, and by already high levels of debt.","GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"usd":43570000000},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP (official exchange rate)":{"usd":21700000000},"GDP - real growth rate":{"quantity":0.7,"unit":"%"},"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"usd":null},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP - composition by sector":{"agriculture":{"quantity":11,"unit":"%"},"industry":{"quantity":29.1,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":59.9,"unit":"%"}},"Labor force":2940000,"Labor force - by occupation":{"agriculture":{"quantity":19,"unit":"%"},"industry":{"quantity":23,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":58,"unit":"%"}},"Unemployment rate":{"Unemployment rate":{"quantity":7,"unit":"%"},"country comparison to the world":""},"Population below poverty line":{"quantity":37.8,"unit":"%"},"Household income or consumption by percentage share":{"lowest 10%":{"quantity":1,"unit":"%"},"highest 10%":{"quantity":37,"unit":"%"}},"Distribution of family income - Gini index":52.4,"Investment (gross fixed)":{"quantity":13.7,"unit":"% of GDP"},"Budget":{"revenues":{"usd":3894000000},"expenditures":{"usd":4915000000}},"Public debt":{"quantity":55,"unit":"% of GDP"},"Inflation rate (consumer prices)":{"quantity":0.8,"unit":"%"},"Commercial bank prime lending rate":{"quantity":6.59,"unit":"%"},"Stock of narrow money":{"usd":2534000000},"Stock of broad money":{"usd":9666000000},"Stock of domestic credit":{"usd":10010000000},"Market value of publicly traded shares":{"usd":4432000000},"Industrial production growth rate":{"quantity":0.9,"unit":"%"},"Electricity - production":{"quantity":5445000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - consumption":{"quantity":4524000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - exports":{"quantity":78700000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - imports":{"quantity":208400000,"unit":"kWh"},"Oil - production":{"quantity":0,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - consumption":{"quantity":46000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - exports":{"quantity":1927,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - imports":{"quantity":46310,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - proved reserves":{"quantity":0,"unit":"bbl"},"Natural gas - production":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - consumption":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - exports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - imports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - proved reserves":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Current account balance":"$-907 million (2010 est.)","Exports":{"usd":4377000000},"Imports":{"usd":7980000000},"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold":{"usd":2882000000},"Debt - external":{"usd":11450000000},"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home":{"usd":7522000000},"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad":{"usd":273000000},"Exchange rates":{},"industries":["food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals"],"agricultureProducts":["coffee","sugar","corn","rice","beans","oilseed","cotton","sorghum","beef","dairy products"],"exportCommodities":["offshore assembly exports","coffee","sugar","textiles and apparel","gold","ethanol","chemicals","electricity","iron and steel manufactures"],"exportPartners":["US 43.86%","Guatemala 13.92%","Honduras 13.22%","Nicaragua 5.65%"],"importCommodities":["raw materials","consumer goods","capital goods","fuels","foodstuffs","petroleum","electricity"],"importPartners":["US 29.79%","Mexico 10.26%","Guatemala 9.7%","China 4.5%","Honduras 4.4%"]},"communications":{"Telephones - main lines in use":1099000,"Telephones - mobile cellular":7566000,"Telephone system":{"general assessment":"multiple mobile-cellular providers are expanding services rapidly and in 2009 teledensity exceeded 100 per 100 persons; growth in fixed-line services has slowed in the face of mobile-cellular competition","domestic":"nationwide microwave radio relay system","international":"country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System (2009)"},"Broadcast media":"multiple privately-owned national terrestrial television networks, supplemented by cable TV networks that carry international channels; hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations and 1 government-owned radio broadcast station (2007)","Internet country code":".sv","Internet hosts":13849,"Internet users":746000},"transport":{"Airports":65,"Airports - with paved runways":{"total":4,"over 3,047 m":1,"1,524 to 2,437 m":1,"914 to 1,523 m":2},"Airports - with unpaved runways":{"total":61,"1,524 to 2,437 m":1,"914 to 1,523 m":13,"under 914 m":47},"Heliports":1,"Railways":{"total":{"quantity":283,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","narrow gauge":"283 km 0.600-m gauge"},"Roadways":{"total":{"quantity":10886,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","paved":{"quantity":2827,"unit":"km"},"unpaved":{"quantity":8059,"unit":"km"}},"Waterways":"(Rio Lempa is partially navigable for small craft) (2010)","Ports and terminals":"Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco"},"military":{"Military branches":"Salvadoran Army (ES), Salvadoran Navy (FNES), Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Salvadorena, FAS) (2011)","Military service age and obligation":"18 years of age for selective compulsory military service; 16-22 years of age for voluntary male or female service; service obligation - 12 months, with 11 months for officers and NCOs (2009)","Manpower available for military service":{"males age 16-49":1449,"females age 16-49":1611},"Manpower fit for military service":{"males age 16-49":1079,"females age 16-49":1373},"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually":{"male":71530,"female":68971},"Military expenditures":{"quantity":0.6,"unit":"% of GDP"}},"issues":{"Illicit drugs":"transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; significant use of cocaine","internationalDisputes":["International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of \"bolsones\" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, in 1992, with final agreement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States (OAS) survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003","the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific","El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca"]}}