ca.json

{"code":"ca","name":"Canada","region":"North America","background":"A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the World's longest unfortified border. Canada faces the political challenges of meeting public demands for quality improvements in health care, and education, social services, and economic competitiveness, as well as responding to the particular concerns of predominantly francophone Quebec. Canada also aims to develop its diverse energy resources while maintaining its commitment to the environment.","geo":{"Location":"Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US","Geographic coordinates":{"N":{"deg":60,"min":0},"W":{"deg":95,"min":0}},"Map references":{},"Area":{"total":{"quantity":9984,"unit":"sq km"},"country comparison to the world":"","land":{"quantity":9093,"unit":"sq km"},"water":{"quantity":891163,"unit":"sq km"}},"Area - comparative":"slightly larger than the US","Land boundaries":{"total":{"quantity":8893,"unit":"km"},"border countries":"US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)"},"Coastline":{"quantity":202080,"unit":"km"},"Maritime claims":{"territorial sea":{"quantity":12,"unit":"nm"},"contiguous zone":{"quantity":24,"unit":"nm"},"exclusive economic zone":{"quantity":200,"unit":"nm"},"continental shelf":"200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin"},"Terrain":"mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast","Elevation extremes":{"lowest point":"Atlantic Ocean 0 m","highest point":"Mount Logan 5,959 m"},"Land use":{"arable land":{"quantity":4.57,"unit":"%"},"permanent crops":{"quantity":0.65,"unit":"%"},"other":{"quantity":94.78,"unit":"%"}},"Irrigated land":{"quantity":8550,"unit":"sq km"},"Total renewable water resources":{"quantity":3300,"unit":"cu km"},"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)":{"total":{"quantity":44.72,"unit":"cu km/yr"},"per capita":{"quantity":1386,"unit":"cu m/yr"}},"Natural hazards":{"Natural hazards":"continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains","volcanism":"the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant"},"internationalEnvironmentAgreements":{"signed, but not ratified":"Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation","partyTo":["Air Pollution","Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides","Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants","Air Pollution-Sulfur 85","Air Pollution-Sulfur 94","Antarctic-Environmental Protocol","Antarctic-Marine Living Resources","Antarctic Seals","Antarctic Treaty","Biodiversity","Climate Change","Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol","Desertification","Endangered Species","Environmental Modification","Hazardous Wastes","Law of the Sea","Marine Dumping","Ozone Layer Protection","Ship Pollution","Tropical Timber 83","Tropical Timber 94","Wetlands"]},"naturalResources":["iron ore","nickel","zinc","copper","gold","lead","rare earth elements","molybdenum","potash","diamonds","silver","fish","timber","wildlife","coal","petroleum","natural gas","hydropower"],"environmentalIssues":["air pollution and resulting acid rain severely affecting lakes and damaging forests","metal smelting, coal-burning utilities, and vehicle emissions impacting on agricultural and forest productivity","ocean waters becoming contaminated due to agricultural, industrial, mining, and forestry activities"],"climate":["varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north"],"geographyNote":["second-largest country in world (after Russia)","strategic location between Russia and US via north polar route","approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border"]},"people":{"Population":34030,"Age structure":{"0-14 years":{"quantity":15.7,"unit":"%"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":68.5,"unit":"%"},"65 years and over":"15.9% (male 2,372,356/female 3,024,571) (2011 est.)"},"Median age":{"total":{"quantity":41,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":39.8,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":42.1,"unit":"years"}},"Population growth rate":{"quantity":0.794,"unit":"%"},"Birth rate":{"quantity":10.28,"unit":"births/1,000 population"},"Death rate":{"quantity":7.98,"unit":"deaths/1,000 population"},"Net migration rate":{"quantity":5.65,"unit":"migrant(s)/1,000 population"},"Urbanization":{"urban population":{"quantity":81,"unit":"% of total population"},"rate of urbanization":{"quantity":1.1,"unit":"% annual rate of change"}},"Major cities - population":"Toronto 5.377 million; Montreal 3.75 million; Vancouver 2.197 million; OTTAWA (capital) 1.17 million; Calgary 1.16 million (2009)","Sex ratio":{"at birth":{"quantity":1.056,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"under 15 years":{"quantity":1.05,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":1.02,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"65 years and over":{"quantity":0.78,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"total population":{"quantity":0.98,"unit":"male(s)/female"}},"Infant mortality rate":{"total":{"quantity":4.92,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":5.26,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"female":{"quantity":4.56,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"}},"Life expectancy at birth":{"total population":{"quantity":81.38,"unit":"years"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":78.81,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":84.1,"unit":"years"}},"Total fertility rate":{"quantity":1.58,"unit":"children born/woman"},"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate":{"quantity":0.3,"unit":"%"},"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS":68000,"HIV/AIDS - deaths":"fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)","Drinking water source":{},"Sanitation facility access":{},"Nationality":{"noun":"Canadian(s)","adjective":"Canadian"},"Literacy":{"definition":"age 15 and over can read and write","total population":{"quantity":99,"unit":"%"},"male":{"quantity":99,"unit":"%"},"female":{"quantity":99,"unit":"%"}},"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)":{"total":{"quantity":17,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":17,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":17,"unit":"years"}},"Education expenditures":{"quantity":4.9,"unit":"% of GDP"},"ethnicGroups":["British Isles origin 28%","French origin 23%","other European 15%","Amerindian 2%","other","mostly Asian","African","Arab 6%","mixed background 26%"],"religions":["Roman Catholic 42.6%","Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%","Anglican 6.8%","Baptist 2.4%","Lutheran 2%)","other Christian 4.4%","Muslim 1.9%","other and unspecified 11.8%","none 16% (2001 census)"],"languages":["English (official) 58.8%","French (official) 21.6%","other 19.6% (2006 Census)"]},"government":{"Country name":{"conventional long form":"none","conventional short form":"Canada"},"Government type":"a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy","Capital":{"name":"Ottawa","geographic coordinates":{"N":{"deg":45,"min":25},"W":{"deg":75,"min":42}},"time difference":"UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)","daylight saving time":"+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November"},"Independence":"1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (recognized by UK per Statute of Westminster)","National holiday":"Canada Day, 1 July (1867)","Legal system":"common law system except in Quebec where civil law based on the French civil code prevails","International law organization participation":"accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction","Suffrage":"18 years of age; universal","Executive branch":{"head of state":"Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General David JOHNSTON (since 1 October 2010)","head of government":"Prime Minister Stephen Joseph HARPER (since 6 February 2006)","cabinet":"Federal Ministry chosen by the prime minister usually from among the members of his own party sitting in Parliament","elections":"the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister for a five-year term; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition in the House of Commons generally designated prime minister by the governor general"},"Legislative branch":{"Legislative branch":"bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (105 seats; members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister and serve until 75 years of age) and the House of Commons or Chambre des Communes (308 seats; members elected by direct, popular vote to serve a maximum of four-year terms)","elections":"House of Commons - last held on 2 May 2011 (next to be held no later than 19 October 2015)","election results":"House of Commons - percent of vote by party - Conservative Party 39.6%, New Democratic Party 30.6%, Liberal Party 18.9%, Bloc Quebecois 6%, Greens 3.9%; seats by party - Conservative Party 166, New Democratic Party 103, Liberal Party 34, Bloc Quebecois 4, Greens 1"},"Judicial branch":"Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Tax Court of Canada; Provincial/Territorial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queen's Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)","Political parties and leaders":"Bloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada [Stephen HARPER]; Green Party [Elizabeth MAY]; Liberal Party [Robert RAE (interim)]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]","Political pressure groups and leaders":{"other":"agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions"},"Diplomatic representation in the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador Gary DOER","chancery":"501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20001","telephone":"[1] (202) 682-1740","FAX":"[1] (202) 682-7701","consulate(s) general":"Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Francisco/Silicon Valley,, Seattle"},"Diplomatic representation from the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador David C. JACOBSON","embassy":"490 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8","mailing address":"P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430; P.O. Box 866, Station B, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5T1","telephone":"[1] (613) 688-5335","FAX":"[1] (613) 688-3082"},"Flag description":"two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width) with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the maple leaf has long been a Canadian symbol; the official colors of Canada are red and white","National anthem":{"name":"\"O Canada\"","lyrics/music":"Adolphe-Basile ROUTHIER [French], Robert Stanley WEIR [English]/Calixa LAVALLEE"},"internationalOrganizations":["ADB (nonregional member)","AfDB (nonregional member)","APEC","Arctic Council","ARF","ASEAN (dialogue partner)","Australia Group","BIS","C","CDB","EAPC","EBRD","FAO","FATF","G-20","G-7","G-8","G-10","IADB","IAEA","IBRD","ICAO","ICC","ICRM","IDA","IEA","IFAD","IFC","IFRCS","IHO","ILO","IMF","IMO","IMSO","Interpol","IOC","IOM","IPU","ISO","ITSO","ITU","ITUC","MIGA","MINUSTAH","MONUSCO","NAFTA","NATO","NEA","NSG","OAS","OECD","OIF","OPCW","OSCE","Paris Club","PCA","PIF (partner)","SECI (observer)","UN","UNAMID","UNCTAD","UNDOF","UNESCO","UNFICYP","UNHCR","UNMIS","UNRWA","UNTSO","UNWTO","UPU","WCO","WFTU","WHO","WIPO","WMO","WTO","ZC"],"administrativeDivisions":["10 provinces and 3 territories*","Alberta","British Columbia","Manitoba","New Brunswick","Newfoundland and Labrador","Northwest Territories*","Nova Scotia","Nunavut*","Ontario","Prince Edward Island","Quebec","Saskatchewan","Yukon Territory*"]},"economy":{"Economy - overview":"As an affluent, high-tech industrial society in the trillion-dollar class, Canada resembles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of production, and affluent living standards. Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. The 1989 US-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (which includes Mexico) touched off a dramatic increase in trade and economic integration with the US, its principal trading partner. Canada enjoys a substantial trade surplus with the US, which absorbs about three-fourths of Canadian exports each year. Canada is the US's largest foreign supplier of energy, including oil, gas, uranium, and electric power. Given its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. Buffeted by the global economic crisis, the economy dropped into a sharp recession in the final months of 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks, however, emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. During 2010, Canada's economy grew only 3%, due to decreased global demand and a highly valued Canadian dollar.","GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"usd":1330000000000},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP (official exchange rate)":{"usd":1574000000000},"GDP - real growth rate":{"quantity":3.1,"unit":"%"},"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"usd":null},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP - composition by sector":{"agriculture":{"quantity":2,"unit":"%"},"industry":{"quantity":20,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":78,"unit":"%"}},"Labor force":18590000,"Labor force - by occupation":{"agriculture":{"quantity":2,"unit":"%"},"manufacturing":{"quantity":13,"unit":"%"},"construction":{"quantity":6,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":76,"unit":"%"},"other":{"quantity":3,"unit":"%"}},"Unemployment rate":{"quantity":8,"unit":"%"},"Population below poverty line":{"Population below poverty line":{"quantity":9.4,"unit":"%"}},"Household income or consumption by percentage share":{"lowest 10%":{"quantity":0.1,"unit":"%"},"highest 10%":{"quantity":46,"unit":"%"}},"Distribution of family income - Gini index":32.1,"Investment (gross fixed)":{"quantity":22.1,"unit":"% of GDP"},"Budget":{"revenues":{"usd":605700000000},"expenditures":{"usd":677700000000}},"Public debt":{"quantity":34,"unit":"% of GDP"},"Inflation rate (consumer prices)":{"quantity":1.6,"unit":"%"},"Central bank discount rate":{"quantity":1,"unit":"%"},"Commercial bank prime lending rate":{"quantity":3,"unit":"%"},"Stock of narrow money":{"usd":560800000000},"Stock of broad money":{"usd":1469000000000},"Stock of domestic credit":{"usd":2963000000000},"Market value of publicly traded shares":{"usd":1681000000000},"Industrial production growth rate":{"quantity":5.8,"unit":"%"},"Electricity - production":{"quantity":620700000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - consumption":{"quantity":536100000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - exports":{"quantity":55730000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - imports":{"quantity":23500000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Oil - production":{"quantity":3289000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - consumption":{"quantity":2151000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - exports":{"quantity":2001000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - imports":{"quantity":1192000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - proved reserves":{"Oil - proved reserves":{"quantity":175200000000,"unit":"bbl"},"country comparison to the world":""},"Natural gas - production":{"quantity":161300000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - consumption":{"quantity":94620000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - exports":{"quantity":94670000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - imports":{"quantity":16590000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - proved reserves":{"quantity":1754000000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Current account balance":"$-40.21 billion (2010 est.)","Exports":{"usd":406800000000},"Imports":{"usd":406400000000},"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold":"$NA (31 December 2010 est.)","Debt - external":{"usd":1008999999999.9999},"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home":{"usd":528700000000.00006},"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad":{"usd":602500000000},"Exchange rates":"Canadian dollars (CAD) per US dollar -","industries":["transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum and natural gas"],"agricultureProducts":["wheat","barley","oilseed","tobacco","fruits","vegetables","dairy products","forest products","fish"],"exportCommodities":["motor vehicles and parts","industrial machinery","aircraft","telecommunications equipment","chemicals","plastics","fertilizers","wood pulp","timber","crude petroleum","natural gas","electricity","aluminum"],"exportPartners":["US 75.02%","UK 3.37%","China 3.09%"],"importCommodities":["machinery and equipment","motor vehicles and parts","crude oil","chemicals","electricity","durable consumer goods"],"importPartners":["US 51.1%","China 10.88%","Mexico 4.56%"]},"communications":{"Telephones - main lines in use":18251000,"Telephones - mobile cellular":23081000,"Telephone system":{"general assessment":"excellent service provided by modern technology","domestic":"domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations","international":"country code - 1; submarine cables provide links to the US and Europe; satellite earth stations - 7 (5 Intelsat - 4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean, and 2 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2007)"},"Broadcast media":"2 public television broadcasting networks each with a large number of network affiliates; several private-commercial networks also with multiple network affiliates; overall, about 150 TV stations; multi-channel satellite and cable systems provide access to a wide range of stations including US stations; mix of public and commercial radio broadcasters with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the public radio broadcaster, operating 4 radio networks, Radio Canada International, and radio services to indigenous populations in the north; roughly 2,000 licensed radio stations in Canada (2008)","Internet country code":".ca","Internet hosts":7770000,"Internet users":26960000},"transport":{"Airports":1404,"Airports - with paved runways":{"total":514,"over 3,047 m":18,"2,438 to 3,047 m":20,"1,524 to 2,437 m":148,"914 to 1,523 m":249},"Airports - with unpaved runways":{"total":890,"1,524 to 2,437 m":73,"914 to 1,523 m":377,"under 914 m":440},"Heliports":12,"Pipelines":"gas 835 km; liquid petroleum gas 75,000 km (2010)","Railways":{"total":{"quantity":46552,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","standard gauge":"46,552 km 1.435-m gauge (2009)"},"Roadways":{"total":{"quantity":1042,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","paved":{"quantity":415600,"unit":"km"},"unpaved":{"quantity":626700,"unit":"km"}},"Waterways":"636 km (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States) (2008)","Merchant marine":{"total":184,"country comparison to the world":"","by type":"bulk carrier 66, cargo 12, carrier 1, chemical tanker 14, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, passenger 6, passenger/cargo 64, petroleum tanker 12, roll on/roll off 6","foreign-owned":15,"registered in other countries":"223 (Australia 7, Bahamas 102, Barbados 13, Cambodia 2, Cyprus 2, Honduras 1, Hong Kong 70, Liberia 4, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 4, Norway 1, Panama 5, Spain 5, US 1, Vanuatu 5) (2010)"},"Ports and terminals":"Fraser River Port, Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, Port-Cartier, Quebec City, Saint John (New Brunswick), Sept-Isles, Vancouver"},"military":{"Military branches":"Canadian Forces: Land Forces Command (LFC), Maritime Command (MARCOM), Air Command (AIRCOM), Canada Command (homeland security) (2011)","Military service age and obligation":"17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for reserve and military college applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years (2008)","Manpower available for military service":{"males age 16-49":8031,"females age 16-49":7755},"Manpower fit for military service":{"males age 16-49":6633,"females age 16-49":6389},"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually":{"male":218069,"female":206195},"Military expenditures":{"quantity":1.1,"unit":"% of GDP"}},"issues":{"Illicit drugs":"illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; increasing ecstasy production, some of which is destined for the US; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector","internationalDisputes":["managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Gulf of Maine including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock","Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf","US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people, transport, and commodities across the international border","sovereignty dispute with Denmark over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland","commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from its declared baselines in the Arctic, as stipulated in Article 76, paragraph 8, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"]}}