bx.json

{"code":"bx","name":"Brunei","region":"East & Southeast Asia","background":"The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in Asia.","geo":{"Location":"Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia","Geographic coordinates":{"N":{"deg":4,"min":30},"E":{"deg":114,"min":40}},"Map references":{},"Area":{"total":{"quantity":5765,"unit":"sq km"},"country comparison to the world":"","land":{"quantity":5265,"unit":"sq km"},"water":{"quantity":500,"unit":"sq km"}},"Area - comparative":"slightly smaller than Delaware","Land boundaries":{"total":{"quantity":381,"unit":"km"},"border countries":"Malaysia 381 km"},"Coastline":{"quantity":161,"unit":"km"},"Maritime claims":{"territorial sea":{"quantity":12,"unit":"nm"},"exclusive economic zone":"200 nm or to median line"},"Terrain":"flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west","Elevation extremes":{"lowest point":"South China Sea 0 m","highest point":"Bukit Pagon 1,850 m"},"Land use":{"arable land":{"quantity":2.08,"unit":"%"},"permanent crops":{"quantity":0.87,"unit":"%"},"other":{"quantity":97.05,"unit":"%"}},"Irrigated land":{"quantity":10,"unit":"sq km"},"Total renewable water resources":{"quantity":8.5,"unit":"cu km"},"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)":{"total":0.09,"per capita":{"quantity":243,"unit":"cu m/yr"}},"Natural hazards":"typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare","internationalEnvironmentAgreements":{"signed, but not ratified":"none of the selected agreements","partyTo":["Biodiversity","Climate Change","Desertification","Endangered Species","Hazardous Wastes","Law of the Sea","Ozone Layer Protection","Ship Pollution"]},"naturalResources":["petroleum","natural gas","timber"],"environmentalIssues":["seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia"],"climate":["tropical","hot, humid, rainy"],"geographyNote":["close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans","two parts physically separated by Malaysia","almost an enclave within Malaysia"]},"people":{"Population":401890,"Age structure":{"0-14 years":{"quantity":25.5,"unit":"%"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":70.9,"unit":"%"},"65 years and over":"3.5% (male 6,881/female 7,238) (2011 est.)"},"Median age":{"total":{"quantity":28.4,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":28.3,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":28.6,"unit":"years"}},"Population growth rate":{"quantity":1.712,"unit":"%"},"Birth rate":{"quantity":17.87,"unit":"births/1,000 population"},"Death rate":{"quantity":3.35,"unit":"deaths/1,000 population"},"Net migration rate":{"quantity":2.6,"unit":"migrant(s)/1,000 population"},"Urbanization":{"urban population":{"quantity":76,"unit":"% of total population"},"rate of urbanization":{"quantity":2.2,"unit":"% annual rate of change"}},"Major cities - population":"BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) 22,000 (2009)","Sex ratio":{"at birth":{"quantity":1.047,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"under 15 years":{"quantity":1.06,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":0.99,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"65 years and over":{"quantity":0.94,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"total population":{"quantity":1,"unit":"male(s)/female"}},"Infant mortality rate":{"total":{"quantity":11.51,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":13.74,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"female":{"quantity":9.17,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"}},"Life expectancy at birth":{"total population":{"quantity":76.17,"unit":"years"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":73.91,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":78.53,"unit":"years"}},"Total fertility rate":{"quantity":1.86,"unit":"children born/woman"},"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate":"less than 0.1% (2003 est.)","HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS":"fewer than 200 (2003 est.)","HIV/AIDS - deaths":"fewer than 200 (2003 est.)","Nationality":{"noun":"Bruneian(s)","adjective":"Bruneian"},"Literacy":{"definition":"age 15 and over can read and write","total population":{"quantity":92.7,"unit":"%"},"male":{"quantity":95.2,"unit":"%"},"female":{"quantity":90.2,"unit":"%"}},"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)":{"total":{"quantity":14,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":14,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":14,"unit":"years"}},"Education expenditures":"NA","ethnicGroups":["Malay 66.3%","Chinese 11.2%","indigenous 3.4%","other 19.1% (2004 est.)"],"religions":["Muslim (official) 67%","Buddhist 13%","Christian 10%","other (includes indigenous beliefs) 10%"],"languages":["Malay (official)","English","Chinese"]},"government":{"Country name":{"conventional long form":"Brunei Darussalam","conventional short form":"Brunei","local long form":"Negara Brunei Darussalam","local short form":"Brunei"},"Government type":"constitutional sultanate (locally known as Malay Islamic Monarchy)","Capital":{"name":"Bandar Seri Begawan","geographic coordinates":{"N":{"deg":4,"min":53},"E":{"deg":114,"min":56}},"time difference":"UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"},"Independence":"1 January 1984 (from the UK)","National holiday":"National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection","Legal system":"mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law","International law organization participation":"has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt","Suffrage":"18 years of age for village elections; universal","Executive branch":{"chief of state":"Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government","head of government":"Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)","cabinet":"Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises","elections":"none; the monarchy is hereditary"},"Legislative branch":{"Legislative branch":"The Sultan appointed a Legislative Council with 29 members in September 2005; he increased the size of the council to 33 members in June 2011; the council meets annually in March","elections":"last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)"},"Judicial branch":"Supreme Court - chief justice and judges are sworn in by monarch for three-year terms; Judicial Committee of Privy Council in London is final court of appeal for civil cases; Sharia courts deal with Islamic laws (2006)","Political parties and leaders":{"Political parties and leaders":"National Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi]"},"Political pressure groups and leaders":"NA","Diplomatic representation in the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador Yusoff Abd HAMID","chancery":"3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008","telephone":"[1] (202) 237-1838","FAX":"[1] (202) 885-0560"},"Diplomatic representation from the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador Daniel L. SHIELDS III","embassy":"Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Kebangsaan, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115","mailing address":"Unit 4280, Box 40, FPO AP 96507; P.O. Box 2991, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8675, Negara Brunei Darussalam","telephone":"[673] 238-4616","FAX":"[673] 238-4604"},"Flag description":"yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; yellow is the color of royalty and symbolizes the sultanate; the white and black bands denote Brunei's chief ministers; the emblem includes five main components: a swallow-tailed flag, the royal umbrella representing the monarchy, the wings of four feathers symbolizing justice, tranquility, prosperity, and peace, the two upraised hands signifying the government's pledge to preserve and promote the welfare of the people, and the crescent moon denoting Islam, the state religion; the state motto \"Always render service with God's guidance\" appears in yellow Arabic script on the crescent; a ribbon below the crescent reads \"Brunei, the Abode of Peace\"","National anthem":{"name":"\"Allah Peliharakan Sultan\" (God Bless His Majesty)","lyrics/music":"Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap"},"internationalOrganizations":["ADB","APEC","ARF","ASEAN","C","CP","EAS","G-77","IBRD","ICAO","ICRM","IDB","IFRCS","ILO","IMF","IMO","IMSO","Interpol","IOC","ISO (correspondent)","ITSO","ITU","NAM","OIC","OPCW","UN","UNCTAD","UNESCO","UNIFIL","UNWTO","UPU","WCO","WHO","WIPO","WMO","WTO"],"administrativeDivisions":["4 districts (daerah-daerah","singular - daerah)","Belait","Brunei-Muara","Temburong","Tutong"]},"economy":{"Economy - overview":"Brunei has a small well-to-do economy that encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for just over half of GDP and more than 90% of exports. Per capita GDP is among the highest in Asia, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. A new monetary authority was established in January 2011 with responsibilities that include monetary policy, monitoring of financial institutions, and currency trading activities.","GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"usd":20380000000},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP (official exchange rate)":{"usd":13020000000},"GDP - real growth rate":{"quantity":4.1,"unit":"%"},"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"usd":null},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP - composition by sector":{"agriculture":{"quantity":0.7,"unit":"%"},"industry":{"quantity":74.1,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":25.3,"unit":"%"}},"Labor force":188800,"Labor force - by occupation":{"agriculture":{"quantity":4.2,"unit":"%"},"industry":{"quantity":62.8,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":33,"unit":"%"}},"Unemployment rate":{"quantity":3.7,"unit":"%"},"Population below poverty line":"NA%","Household income or consumption by percentage share":{"lowest 10%":"NA%","highest 10%":"NA%"},"Budget":{"revenues":{"usd":6889000000},"expenditures":{"usd":4000000000}},"Inflation rate (consumer prices)":{"quantity":2.7,"unit":"%"},"Commercial bank prime lending rate":{"quantity":5.5,"unit":"%"},"Stock of narrow money":{"usd":3374000000},"Stock of broad money":{"usd":8569000000.000001},"Stock of domestic credit":{"usd":1274000000},"Market value of publicly traded shares":"$NA","Industrial production growth rate":"-5.4% (2008 est.)","Electricity - production":{"quantity":3069000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - consumption":{"quantity":2980000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - exports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - imports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"kWh"},"Oil - production":{"quantity":146000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - consumption":{"quantity":16000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - exports":{"quantity":152900,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - imports":{"quantity":237.6,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - proved reserves":{"quantity":1100000000,"unit":"bbl"},"Natural gas - production":{"quantity":13400000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - consumption":{"quantity":4200000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - exports":{"quantity":9200000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - imports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - proved reserves":{"quantity":390800000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Current account balance":{"usd":7024000000},"Exports":{"usd":10670000000},"Imports":{"usd":2610000000},"Debt - external":{"usd":null},"Exchange rates":"Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar -","industries":["petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction"],"agricultureProducts":["rice","vegetables","fruits","chickens","water buffalo","cattle","goats","eggs"],"exportCommodities":["crude oil","natural gas","garments"],"exportPartners":["Japan 38.04%","Indonesia 25.95%","South Korea 14.17%","Australia 7.24%"],"importCommodities":["machinery and transport equipment","manufactured goods","food","chemicals"],"importPartners":["Singapore 38.4%","Malaysia 18.7%","Japan 7.2%","China 5.42%","Thailand 5.19%","US 4.45%","UK 4.25%"]},"communications":{"Telephones - main lines in use":80500,"Telephones - mobile cellular":425000,"Telephone system":{"general assessment":"service throughout the country is good; international service is good to Southeast Asia, Middle East, Western Europe, and the US","domestic":"every service available","international":"country code - 673; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-3 optical telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to Asia, the Middle East, and Europe; the Asia-America Gateway submarine cable network, scheduled for completion by late 2008, will provide new links to Asia and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2009)"},"Broadcast media":"state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 4 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite and cable systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks broadcasting on multiple frequencies; British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on 2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are available via repeaters (2009)","Internet country code":".bn","Internet hosts":50997,"Internet users":314900},"transport":{"Airports":2,"Airports - with paved runways":{"total":2,"over 3,047 m":1,"914 to 1,523 m":1},"Heliports":3,"Pipelines":"condensate 33 km; gas 37 km; oil 18 km (2010)","Roadways":{"total":{"quantity":2971,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","paved":{"quantity":2411,"unit":"km"},"unpaved":{"quantity":560,"unit":"km"}},"Waterways":"209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m; the Belait, Brunei, and Tutong rivers are major transport links) (2011)","Merchant marine":{"total":9,"country comparison to the world":"","by type":"chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 8 (2010)"},"Ports and terminals":"Lumut, Muara, Seria"},"military":{"Military branches":"Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force (Tentera Udara Diraja Brunei) (2010)","Military service age and obligation":"18 years of age (est.) for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve (2007)","Manpower available for military service":{"males age 16-49":112688,"females age 16-49":117536},"Manpower fit for military service":{"males age 16-49":95141,"females age 16-49":99386},"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually":{"male":3572,"female":3465},"Military expenditures":{"quantity":4.5,"unit":"% of GDP"}},"issues":{"Illicit drugs":"drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty","internationalDisputes":["per Letters of Exchange signed in 2009, Malaysia in 2010 ceded two hydrocarbon concession blocks to Brunei in exchange for Brunei's sultan dropping claims to the Limbang corridor, which divides Brunei","nonetheless, Brunei claims a maritime boundary extending as far as a median with Vietnam, thus asserting an implicit claim to Lousia Reef"]}}