ao.json

{"code":"ao","name":"Angola","region":"Africa","background":"Angola is rebuilding its country after the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again by 1996. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS held legislative elections in September 2008 and, despite promising to hold presidential elections in 2009, has since pushed through a new constitution that calls for elections in 2012.","geo":{"Location":"Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo","Geographic coordinates":{"S":{"deg":12,"min":30},"E":{"deg":18,"min":30}},"Map references":{},"Area":{"total":{"quantity":1246,"unit":"sq km"},"country comparison to the world":"","land":{"quantity":1246,"unit":"sq km"},"water":{"quantity":0,"unit":"sq km"}},"Area - comparative":"slightly less than twice the size of Texas","Land boundaries":{"total":{"quantity":5198,"unit":"km"},"border countries":"Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km"},"Coastline":{"quantity":1600,"unit":"km"},"Maritime claims":{"territorial sea":{"quantity":12,"unit":"nm"},"contiguous zone":{"quantity":24,"unit":"nm"},"exclusive economic zone":{"quantity":200,"unit":"nm"}},"Terrain":"narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau","Elevation extremes":{"lowest point":"Atlantic Ocean 0 m","highest point":"Morro de Moco 2,620 m"},"Land use":{"arable land":{"quantity":2.65,"unit":"%"},"permanent crops":{"quantity":0.23,"unit":"%"},"other":{"quantity":97.12,"unit":"%"}},"Irrigated land":{"quantity":800,"unit":"sq km"},"Total renewable water resources":{"quantity":184,"unit":"cu km"},"Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)":{"total":{"quantity":0.35,"unit":"cu km/yr"},"per capita":{"quantity":22,"unit":"cu m/yr"}},"Natural hazards":"locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau","internationalEnvironmentAgreements":{"signed, but not ratified":"none of the selected agreements","partyTo":["Biodiversity","Climate Change","Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol","Desertification","Law of the Sea","Marine Dumping","Ozone Layer Protection","Ship Pollution"]},"naturalResources":["petroleum","diamonds","iron ore","phosphates","copper","feldspar","gold","bauxite","uranium"],"environmentalIssues":["overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures","desertification","deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity","soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams","inadequate supplies of potable water"],"climate":["semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda","north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)"],"geographyNote":["the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo"]},"people":{"Population":13338,"Age structure":{"0-14 years":{"quantity":43.2,"unit":"%"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":54.1,"unit":"%"},"65 years and over":"2.7% (male 157,778/female 199,959) (2011 est.)"},"Median age":{"total":{"quantity":18.1,"unit":"years"},"male":{"quantity":18.1,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":18.1,"unit":"years"}},"Population growth rate":{"quantity":2.034,"unit":"%"},"Birth rate":{"quantity":42.91,"unit":"births/1,000 population"},"Death rate":{"quantity":23.4,"unit":"deaths/1,000 population"},"Net migration rate":{"quantity":0.82,"unit":"migrant(s)/1,000 population"},"Urbanization":{"urban population":{"quantity":59,"unit":"% of total population"},"rate of urbanization":{"quantity":4,"unit":"% annual rate of change"}},"Major cities - population":"LUANDA (capital) 4.511 million; Huambo 979,000 (2009)","Sex ratio":{"at birth":{"quantity":1.05,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"under 15 years":{"quantity":1.02,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"15-64 years":{"quantity":1.03,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"65 years and over":{"quantity":0.79,"unit":"male(s)/female"},"total population":{"quantity":1.02,"unit":"male(s)/female"}},"Infant mortality rate":{"total":{"quantity":175.9,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":187.86,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"},"female":{"quantity":163.34,"unit":"deaths/1,000 live births"}},"Life expectancy at birth":{"total population":{"quantity":38.76,"unit":"years"},"country comparison to the world":"","male":{"quantity":37.74,"unit":"years"},"female":{"quantity":39.83,"unit":"years"}},"Total fertility rate":{"quantity":5.97,"unit":"children born/woman"},"HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate":{"quantity":2,"unit":"%"},"HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS":200000,"HIV/AIDS - deaths":11000,"Drinking water source":{},"Sanitation facility access":{},"Nationality":{"noun":"Angolan(s)","adjective":"Angolan"},"Literacy":{"definition":"age 15 and over can read and write","total population":{"quantity":67.4,"unit":"%"},"male":{"quantity":82.9,"unit":"%"},"female":{"quantity":54.2,"unit":"%"}},"School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)":{"total":{"quantity":9,"unit":"years"}},"Education expenditures":{"quantity":2.6,"unit":"% of GDP"},"majorInfectiousDiseases":{"degree of risk":"very high","food or waterborne diseases":"bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever","vectorborne diseases":"malaria, African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)","water contact disease":"schistosomiasis (2009)"},"ethnicGroups":["Ovimbundu 37%","Kimbundu 25%","Bakongo 13%","mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%","European 1%","other 22%"],"religions":["indigenous beliefs 47%","Roman Catholic 38%","Protestant 15% (1998 est.)"],"languages":["Portuguese (official)","Bantu and other African languages"]},"government":{"Country name":{"conventional long form":"Republic of Angola","conventional short form":"Angola","local long form":"Republica de Angola","local short form":"Angola","former":"People's Republic of Angola"},"Government type":"republic; multiparty presidential regime","Capital":{"name":"Luanda","geographic coordinates":{"S":{"deg":8,"min":50},"E":{"deg":13,"min":14}},"time difference":"UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)"},"Independence":"11 November 1975 (from Portugal)","National holiday":"Independence Day, 11 November (1975)","Legal system":"civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts","International law organization participation":"has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt","Suffrage":"18 years of age; universal","Executive branch":{"chief of state":"President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government","head of government":"President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Fernando da Piedade Dias DOS SANTOS (since 2 February 2010)","cabinet":"Council of Ministers appointed by the president","elections":"president indirectly elected by National Assembly for a five-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) under the 2010 constitution; President DOS SANTOS was selected by the party to take over after the death of former President Augustino NETO (1979) under a one-party system and stood for reelection in Angola's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992 (next were to be held in September 2009 but were postponed)","election results":"Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS 49.6%, Jonas SAVIMBI 40.1%, making a run-off election necessary; the run-off was never held leaving DOS SANTOS in his current position as the president"},"Legislative branch":{"Legislative branch":"unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members elected by proportional vote to serve four-year terms)","elections":"last held on 5-6 September 2008 (next to be held in September 2012)","election results":"percent of vote by party - MPLA 81.6%, UNITA 10.4%, PRS 3.2%, ND 1.2%, FNLA 1.1%, other 2.5%; seats by party - MPLA 191, UNITA 16, PRS 8, FNLA 3, ND 2"},"Judicial branch":"Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional; Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo; Court of Auditions or Tribunal de Contas; Supreme Military Court or Supremo Tribunal Militar; judges for all courts appointed by the president","Political parties and leaders":{"Political parties and leaders":"National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [Ngola KABANGU]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); New Democracy Electoral Union or ND [Quintino de MOREIRA]; Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]"},"Political pressure groups and leaders":{"Political pressure groups and leaders":"Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO, Antonio Bento BEMBE]"},"Diplomatic representation in the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador Josefina Perpetua Pitra DIAKITE","chancery":"2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009","telephone":"[1] (202) 785-1156","FAX":"[1] (202) 785-1258","consulate(s) general":"Houston, New York"},"Diplomatic representation from the US":{"chief of mission":"Ambassador Dan MOZENA","embassy":"number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda","mailing address":"international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550","telephone":"[244] (222) 64-1000","FAX":"[244] (222) 64-1232"},"Flag description":"two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants","National anthem":{"name":"\"Angola Avante\" (Forward Angola)","lyrics/music":"Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO"},"internationalOrganizations":["ACP","AfDB","AU","CPLP","FAO","G-77","IAEA","IBRD","ICAO","ICRM","IDA","IFAD","IFC","IFRCS","ILO","IMF","IMO","Interpol","IOC","IOM","IPU","ISO (correspondent)","ITSO","ITU","ITUC","MIGA","NAM","OAS (observer)","OPEC","SADC","UN","UNCTAD","UNESCO","UNIDO","Union Latina","UNWTO","UPU","WCO","WFTU","WHO","WIPO","WMO","WTO"],"administrativeDivisions":["18 provinces (provincias","singular - provincia)","Bengo","Benguela","Bie","Cabinda","Cuando Cubango","Cuanza Norte","Cuanza Sul","Cunene","Huambo","Huila","Luanda","Lunda Norte","Lunda Sul","Malanje","Moxico","Namibe","Uige","Zaire"]},"economy":{"Economy - overview":"Angola's high growth rate in recent years was driven by high international prices for its oil. Angola became a member of OPEC in late 2006 and in late 2007 was assigned a production quota of 1.9 million barrels a day (bbl/day), somewhat less than the 2-2.5 million bbl/day Angola's government had wanted. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 85% of GDP. Diamond exports contribute an additional 5%. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 15% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Much of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, even though peace was established after the death of rebel leader Jonas SAVIMBI in February 2002. Since 2005, the government has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. The global recession temporarily stalled economic growth. Lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession led to a contraction in GDP in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Although consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to under 14% in 2010, Luanda has been unable to reduce inflation below 10%. The Angolan kwanza depreciated again in mid 2010, which, along with higher oil prices, should boost economic growth in all sectors. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, also is a major challenge.","GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"GDP (purchasing power parity)":{"usd":107300000000},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP (official exchange rate)":{"usd":85310000000},"GDP - real growth rate":{"quantity":1.6,"unit":"%"},"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"GDP - per capita (PPP)":{"usd":null},"country comparison to the world":""},"GDP - composition by sector":{"agriculture":{"quantity":9.6,"unit":"%"},"industry":{"quantity":65.8,"unit":"%"},"services":{"quantity":24.6,"unit":"%"}},"Labor force":7977000,"Labor force - by occupation":{"agriculture":{"quantity":85,"unit":"%"},"industry and services":{"quantity":15,"unit":"%"}},"Unemployment rate":"NA","Population below poverty line":{"quantity":40.5,"unit":"%"},"Household income or consumption by percentage share":{"lowest 10%":{"quantity":0.6,"unit":"%"},"highest 10%":{"quantity":44.7,"unit":"%"}},"Investment (gross fixed)":{"quantity":15.9,"unit":"% of GDP"},"Budget":{"revenues":{"usd":40410000000},"expenditures":{"usd":37380000000}},"Public debt":{"quantity":20.3,"unit":"% of GDP"},"Inflation rate (consumer prices)":{"quantity":13.3,"unit":"%"},"Central bank discount rate":{"quantity":30,"unit":"%"},"Commercial bank prime lending rate":{"quantity":15.68,"unit":"%"},"Stock of narrow money":{"usd":8740000000},"Stock of broad money":{"usd":24920000000},"Stock of domestic credit":{"usd":17520000000},"Industrial production growth rate":{"quantity":5,"unit":"%"},"Electricity - production":{"quantity":3722000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - consumption":{"quantity":3173000000,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - exports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"kWh"},"Electricity - imports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"kWh"},"Oil - production":{"quantity":1948000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - consumption":{"quantity":70000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - exports":{"quantity":1407000,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - imports":{"quantity":28090,"unit":"bbl/day"},"Oil - proved reserves":{"quantity":13500000000,"unit":"bbl"},"Natural gas - production":{"quantity":680000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - consumption":{"quantity":680000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - exports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - imports":{"quantity":0,"unit":"cu m"},"Natural gas - proved reserves":{"quantity":271800000000,"unit":"cu m"},"Current account balance":{"usd":2089000000},"Exports":{"usd":51650000000},"Imports":{"usd":18100000000},"Reserves of foreign exchange and gold":{"usd":16890000000},"Debt - external":{"usd":17980000000},"Stock of direct foreign investment - at home":{"usd":91550000000},"Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad":{"usd":4883000000},"Exchange rates":"kwanza (AOA) per US dollar -","industries":["petroleum","diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold","cement","basic metal products","fish processing","food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar","textiles","ship repair"],"agricultureProducts":["bananas","sugarcane","coffee","sisal","corn","cotton","manioc (tapioca)","tobacco","vegetables","plantains","livestock","forest products","fish"],"exportCommodities":["crude oil","diamonds","refined petroleum products","coffee","sisal","fish and fish products","timber","cotton"],"exportPartners":["China 35.65%","US 25.98%","France 8.83%","South Africa 4.13%"],"importCommodities":["machinery and electrical equipment","vehicles and spare parts","medicines","food","textiles","military goods"],"importPartners":["Portugal 18.71%","China 17.39%","US 8.51%","Brazil 8.22%","South Korea 6.72%","France 4.51%","Italy 4.28%","South Africa 4.02%"]},"communications":{"Telephones - main lines in use":303200,"Telephones - mobile cellular":8109000,"Telephone system":{"general assessment":"limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed-lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately-owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001","domestic":"only about two fixed-lines per 100 persons; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 65 telephones per 100 persons in 2009","international":"country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2009)"},"Broadcast media":"state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)","Internet country code":".ao","Internet hosts":3717,"Internet users":606700},"transport":{"Airports":193,"Airports - with paved runways":{"total":31,"over 3,047 m":5,"2,438 to 3,047 m":9,"1,524 to 2,437 m":13,"914 to 1,523 m":4},"Airports - with unpaved runways":{"total":162,"over 3,047 m":2,"2,438 to 3,047 m":4,"1,524 to 2,437 m":31,"914 to 1,523 m":78},"Pipelines":"gas 2 km; oil 87 km (2010)","Railways":{"total":{"quantity":2764,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","narrow gauge":"2,641 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2010)"},"Roadways":{"total":{"quantity":51429,"unit":"km"},"country comparison to the world":"","paved":{"quantity":5349,"unit":"km"},"unpaved":{"quantity":46080,"unit":"km"}},"Waterways":{"quantity":1300,"unit":"km"},"Merchant marine":{"total":7,"country comparison to the world":"","by type":"cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1","foreign-owned":1,"registered in other countries":"15 (Bahamas 5, Liberia 1, Malta 7, former Netherlands Antilles 2) (2010)"},"Ports and terminals":"Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe"},"military":{"Military branches":"Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA) (2011)","Military service age and obligation":"20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years; Angolan citizenship required; minimum age for women volunteers is 20; the Marinha de Guerra Angola (Navy) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2011)","Manpower available for military service":{"males age 16-49":3062,"females age 16-49":2964},"Manpower fit for military service":{"males age 16-49":1546,"females age 16-49":1492},"Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually":{"male":155476,"female":152054},"Military expenditures":{"quantity":3.6,"unit":"% of GDP"}},"issues":{"Refugees and internally displaced persons":{"refugees (country of origin)":12615,"IDPs":"61,700 (27-year civil war ending in 2002; 4 million IDPs already have returned) (2007)"},"Illicit drugs":"used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa","internationalDisputes":["DROC accuses Angola of shifting monuments"]}}