class_property.h

// Copyright 2017 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef UI_BASE_CLASS_PROPERTY_H_
#define UI_BASE_CLASS_PROPERTY_H_

#include <stdint.h>

#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <type_traits>

#include "base/component_export.h"
#include "base/time/time.h"
#include "ui/base/ui_base_types.h"

// This header should be included by code that defines ClassProperties.
//
// To define a new ClassProperty:
//
//  #include "foo/foo_export.h"
//  #include "ui/base/class_property.h"
//
//  DEFINE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(FOO_EXPORT, MyType)
//  namespace foo {
//    // Use this to define an exported property that is primitive,
//    // or a pointer you don't want automatically deleted.
//    DEFINE_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_KEY(MyType, kMyKey, MyDefault)
//
//    // Use this to define an exported property whose value is a heap
//    // allocated object, and has to be owned and freed by the class.
//    DEFINE_OWNED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_KEY(gfx::Rect, kRestoreBoundsKey, nullptr)
//
//  }  // foo namespace
//
// To define a new type used for ClassProperty.
//
//  // outside all namespaces:
//  DEFINE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(FOO_EXPORT, MyType)
//
// If a property type is not exported, use
// DEFINE_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(MyType) which is a shorthand for
// DEFINE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(, MyType).
//
// If the properties are used outside the file where they are defined
// their accessor methods should also be declared in a suitable header
// using DECLARE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(FOO_EXPORT, MyType)
//
// Cascading properties:
//
// Use the DEFINE_CASCADING_XXX macros to create a class property type that
// will automatically search up an instance hierarchy for the first defined
// property. This only affects the GetProperty() call. SetProperty() will
// still explicitly set the value on the given instance. This is useful for
// hierarchies of instances which a single set property can effect a whole sub-
// tree of instances.
//
// In order to use this feature, you must override GetParentHandler() on the
// class that inherits PropertyHandler.

namespace ui {

// Type of a function to delete a property that this window owns.
using PropertyDeallocator = void(*)(int64_t value);

template<typename T>
struct ClassProperty {
  T default_value;
  const char* name;
  bool cascading = false;
  PropertyDeallocator deallocator;
};

namespace subtle {

class PropertyHelper;

}

class COMPONENT_EXPORT(UI_BASE) PropertyHandler {
 public:
  PropertyHandler();
  PropertyHandler(PropertyHandler&& other);
  virtual ~PropertyHandler();
  PropertyHandler& operator=(PropertyHandler&& rhs) = default;

  // Takes the ownership of all the properties in |other|, overwriting any
  // similarly-keyed existing properties without affecting existing ones with
  // different keys.
  void AcquireAllPropertiesFrom(PropertyHandler&& other);

  // Sets the |value| of the given class |property|. Setting to the default
  // value (e.g., NULL) removes the property. The lifetime of objects set as
  // values of unowned properties is managed by the caller (owned properties are
  // freed when they are overwritten or cleared).  NOTE: This should NOT be
  // for passing a raw pointer for owned properties. Prefer the std::unique_ptr
  // version below.
  template <typename T>
  void SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property, T value);

  // Sets the |value| of the given class |property|, which must be an owned
  // property of pointer type. The property will be assigned a copy of |value|;
  // if no property object exists one will be allocated. T must support copy
  // construction and assignment.
  template <typename T>
  void SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T*>* property, const T& value);

  // Sets the |value| of the given class |property|, which must be an owned
  // property and of pointer type. The property will be move-assigned or move-
  // constructed from |value|; if no property object exists one will be
  // allocated. T must support at least copy (and ideally move) semantics.
  template <typename T>
  void SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T*>* property, T&& value);

  // Sets the |value| of the given class |property|, which must be an owned
  // property and of pointer type. Use std::make_unique<> or base::WrapUnique to
  // ensure proper ownership transfer.
  template <typename T>
  T* SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T*>* property, std::unique_ptr<T> value);

  // Returns the value of the given class |property|.  Returns the
  // property-specific default value if the property was not previously set.
  // The return value is the raw pointer useful for accessing the value
  // contents.
  template<typename T>
  T GetProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property) const;

  // Sets the |property| to its default value. Useful for avoiding a cast when
  // setting to NULL.
  template<typename T>
  void ClearProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property);

  // Returns the value of all properties with a non-default value.
  std::set<const void*> GetAllPropertyKeys() const;

 protected:
  friend class subtle::PropertyHelper;

  virtual void AfterPropertyChange(const void* key, int64_t old_value) {}
  void ClearProperties();
  // Override this function when inheriting this class on a class or classes
  // in which instances are arranged in a parent-child relationship and
  // the intent is to use cascading properties.
  virtual PropertyHandler* GetParentHandler() const;

  // Called by the public {Set,Get,Clear}Property functions.
  int64_t SetPropertyInternal(const void* key,
                              const char* name,
                              PropertyDeallocator deallocator,
                              int64_t value,
                              int64_t default_value);
  // |search_parent| is required here for the setters to be able to look up the
  // current value of property only on the current instance without searching
  // the parent handler. This value is sent with the AfterPropertyChange()
  // notification.
  int64_t GetPropertyInternal(const void* key,
                              int64_t default_value,
                              bool search_parent) const;

 private:
  // Value struct to keep the name and deallocator for this property.
  // Key cannot be used for this purpose because it can be char* or
  // ClassProperty<>.
  struct Value {
    const char* name;
    int64_t value;
    PropertyDeallocator deallocator;
  };

  std::map<const void*, Value> prop_map_;
};

// No single new-style cast works for every conversion to/from int64_t, so we
// need this helper class.
template<typename T>
class ClassPropertyCaster {
 public:
  static int64_t ToInt64(T x) { return static_cast<int64_t>(x); }
  static T FromInt64(int64_t x) { return static_cast<T>(x); }
};
template<typename T>
class ClassPropertyCaster<T*> {
 public:
  static int64_t ToInt64(T* x) { return reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(x); }
  static T* FromInt64(int64_t x) { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(x); }
};
template <>
class ClassPropertyCaster<base::TimeDelta> {
 public:
  static int64_t ToInt64(base::TimeDelta x) { return x.InMicroseconds(); }
  static base::TimeDelta FromInt64(int64_t x) { return base::Microseconds(x); }
};

namespace subtle {

class COMPONENT_EXPORT(UI_BASE) PropertyHelper {
 public:
  template <typename T>
  static void Set(::ui::PropertyHandler* handler,
                  const ::ui::ClassProperty<T>* property,
                  T value) {
    int64_t old = handler->SetPropertyInternal(
        property, property->name,
        value == property->default_value ? nullptr : property->deallocator,
        ClassPropertyCaster<T>::ToInt64(value),
        ClassPropertyCaster<T>::ToInt64(property->default_value));
    if (property->deallocator &&
        old != ClassPropertyCaster<T>::ToInt64(property->default_value)) {
      (*property->deallocator)(old);
    }
  }
  template <typename T>
  static T Get(const ::ui::PropertyHandler* handler,
               const ::ui::ClassProperty<T>* property,
               bool allow_cascade) {
    return ClassPropertyCaster<T>::FromInt64(handler->GetPropertyInternal(
        property, ClassPropertyCaster<T>::ToInt64(property->default_value),
        property->cascading && allow_cascade));
  }
  template <typename T>
  static void Clear(::ui::PropertyHandler* handler,
                    const ::ui::ClassProperty<T>* property) {
    Set(handler, property, property->default_value);
  }
};

}  // namespace subtle

// Template implementation is necessary in the .h file unless we want to break
// [DECLARE|DEFINE]_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE() below into different
// macros for owned and unowned properties; implementing them as pure templates
// makes them nearly impossible to implement or use incorrectly at the cost of a
// small amount of code duplication across libraries.

template <typename T>
void PropertyHandler::SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T*>* property,
                                  const T& value) {
  // Prevent additional heap allocation if possible.
  T* const old = subtle::PropertyHelper::Get<T*>(this, property, false);
  if (old) {
    T temp(*old);
    *old = value;
    AfterPropertyChange(property, reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(&temp));
  } else {
    SetProperty(property, std::make_unique<T>(value));
  }
}

template <typename T>
void PropertyHandler::SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T*>* property,
                                  T&& value) {
  // Prevent additional heap allocation if possible.
  T* const old = subtle::PropertyHelper::Get<T*>(this, property, false);
  if (old) {
    T temp(std::move(*old));
    *old = std::forward<T>(value);
    AfterPropertyChange(property, reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(&temp));
  } else {
    SetProperty(property, std::make_unique<T>(std::forward<T>(value)));
  }
}

template <typename T>
T* PropertyHandler::SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T*>* property,
                                std::unique_ptr<T> value) {
  // This form only works for 'owned' properties.
  DCHECK(property->deallocator);
  T* value_ptr = value.get();
  subtle::PropertyHelper::Set<T*>(this, property, value.release());
  return value_ptr;
}

}  // namespace ui

// Macros to declare the property getter/setter template functions.
#define DECLARE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(EXPORT, T)                   \
  namespace ui {                                                             \
  template <>                                                                \
  EXPORT void PropertyHandler::SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property, \
                                           T value);                         \
  template <>                                                                \
  EXPORT T                                                                   \
  PropertyHandler::GetProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property) const;      \
  template <>                                                                \
  EXPORT void PropertyHandler::ClearProperty(                                \
      const ClassProperty<T>* property);                                     \
  }  // namespace ui

// Macros to instantiate the property getter/setter template functions.
#define DEFINE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(EXPORT, T)                    \
  namespace ui {                                                             \
  template <>                                                                \
  EXPORT void PropertyHandler::SetProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property, \
                                           T value) {                        \
    /* TODO(kylixrd, pbos): Once all the call-sites are fixed to only use */ \
    /* the unique_ptr version for owned properties, add the following */     \
    /* DCHECK to guard against passing raw pointers for owned properties. */ \
    /* DCHECK(!std::is_pointer<T>::value || */                               \
    /*        (std::is_pointer<T>::value && !property->deallocator)); */     \
    subtle::PropertyHelper::Set<T>(this, property, value);                   \
  }                                                                          \
  template <>                                                                \
  EXPORT T                                                                   \
  PropertyHandler::GetProperty(const ClassProperty<T>* property) const {     \
    return subtle::PropertyHelper::Get<T>(this, property, true);             \
  }                                                                          \
  template <>                                                                \
  EXPORT void PropertyHandler::ClearProperty(                                \
      const ClassProperty<T>* property) {                                    \
    subtle::PropertyHelper::Clear<T>(this, property);                        \
  }                                                                          \
  }  // namespace ui

#define DEFINE_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(T) \
  DEFINE_EXPORTED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_TYPE(, T)

#define DEFINE_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_KEY(TYPE, NAME, DEFAULT)                    \
  static_assert(sizeof(TYPE) <= sizeof(int64_t), "property type too large"); \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE> NAME##_Value = {DEFAULT, #NAME, false,     \
                                                  nullptr};                  \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE>* const NAME = &NAME##_Value;

#define DEFINE_OWNED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_KEY(TYPE, NAME, DEFAULT)           \
  namespace {                                                             \
  void Deallocator##NAME(int64_t p) {                                     \
    enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(TYPE) };                        \
    delete ::ui::ClassPropertyCaster<TYPE*>::FromInt64(p);                \
  }                                                                       \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE*> NAME##_Value = {DEFAULT, #NAME, false, \
                                                   &Deallocator##NAME};   \
  } /* namespace */                                                       \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE*>* const NAME = &NAME##_Value;

#define DEFINE_CASCADING_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_KEY(TYPE, NAME, DEFAULT)          \
  static_assert(sizeof(TYPE) <= sizeof(int64_t), "property type too large"); \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE> NAME##_Value = {DEFAULT, #NAME, true,      \
                                                  nullptr};                  \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE>* const NAME = &NAME##_Value;

#define DEFINE_CASCADING_OWNED_UI_CLASS_PROPERTY_KEY(TYPE, NAME, DEFAULT) \
  namespace {                                                             \
  void Deallocator##NAME(int64_t p) {                                     \
    enum { type_must_be_complete = sizeof(TYPE) };                        \
    delete ::ui::ClassPropertyCaster<TYPE*>::FromInt64(p);                \
  }                                                                       \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE*> NAME##_Value = {DEFAULT, #NAME, true,  \
                                                   &Deallocator##NAME};   \
  } /* namespace */                                                       \
  const ::ui::ClassProperty<TYPE*>* const NAME = &NAME##_Value;

#endif  // UI_BASE_CLASS_PROPERTY_H_