disassembler_elf_32_arm.cc

// Copyright 2013 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "courgette/disassembler_elf_32_arm.h"

#include <memory>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "base/logging.h"
#include "courgette/assembly_program.h"
#include "courgette/courgette.h"

namespace courgette {

CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::Compress(ARM_RVA type,
                                         uint32_t arm_op,
                                         RVA rva,
                                         uint16_t* c_op,
                                         uint32_t* addr) {
  // Notation for bit ranges in comments:
  // - Listing bits from highest to lowest.
  // - A-Z or (j1), (j2), etc.: single bit in source.
  // - a-z: multiple, consecutive bits in source.
  switch (type) {
    case ARM_OFF8: {
      // Encoding T1.
      // The offset is given by lower 8 bits of the op.  It is a 9-bit offset,
      // shifted right 1 bit, and signed extended.
      // arm_op = aaaaaaaa Snnnnnnn
      // *addr := SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS nnnnnnn0 + 100
      // *c_op := 00010000 aaaaaaaa
      uint32_t temp = (arm_op & 0x00FF) << 1;
      if (temp & 0x0100)
        temp |= 0xFFFFFE00;
      temp += 4;  // Offset from _next_ PC.

      (*addr) = temp;
      (*c_op) = static_cast<uint16_t>(arm_op >> 8) | 0x1000;
      break;
    }
    case ARM_OFF11: {
      // Encoding T2.
      // The offset is given by lower 11 bits of the op, and is a 12-bit offset,
      // shifted right 1 bit, and sign extended.
      // arm_op = aaaaaSnn nnnnnnnn
      // *addr := SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SSSSSnnn nnnnnnn0 + 100
      // *c_op := 00100000 000aaaaa
      uint32_t temp = (arm_op & 0x07FF) << 1;
      if (temp & 0x00000800)
        temp |= 0xFFFFF000;
      temp += 4;  // Offset from _next_ PC.

      (*addr) = temp;
      (*c_op) = static_cast<uint16_t>(arm_op >> 11) | 0x2000;
      break;
    }
    case ARM_OFF24: {
      // The offset is given by the lower 24-bits of the op, shifted
      // left 2 bits, and sign extended.
      // arm_op = aaaaaaaa Snnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn
      // *addr := SSSSSSSn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnn00 + 1000
      // *c_op := 00110000 aaaaaaaa
      uint32_t temp = (arm_op & 0x00FFFFFF) << 2;
      if (temp & 0x02000000)
        temp |= 0xFC000000;
      temp += 8;

      (*addr) = temp;
      (*c_op) = (arm_op >> 24) | 0x3000;
      break;
    }
    case ARM_OFF25: {
      // Encoding T4.
      // arm_op = aaaaaSmm mmmmmmmm BC(j1)D(j2)nnn nnnnnnnn
      //   where CD is in {01, 10, 11}
      // i1 := ~(j1 ^ S)
      // i2 := ~(j2 ^ S)
      // If CD == 10:
      //   pppp := (rva % 4 == 0) ? 0100 : 0010
      // Else:
      //   pppp := 0100
      // *addr := SSSSSSSS (i1)(i2)mmmmmm mmmmnnnn nnnnnnn0 + pppp
      // *c_op := 0100pppp aaaaaBCD
      // TODO(huangs): aaaaa = 11110 and B = 1 always? Investigate and fix.
      uint32_t temp = 0;
      temp |= (arm_op & 0x000007FF) << 1;  // imm11
      temp |= (arm_op & 0x03FF0000) >> 4;  // imm10

      uint32_t S = (arm_op & (1 << 26)) >> 26;
      uint32_t j2 = (arm_op & (1 << 11)) >> 11;
      uint32_t j1 = (arm_op & (1 << 13)) >> 13;
      bool bit12 = ((arm_op & (1 << 12)) >> 12) != 0;  // D
      bool bit14 = ((arm_op & (1 << 14)) >> 14) != 0;  // C

      uint32_t i2 = ~(j2 ^ S) & 1;
      uint32_t i1 = ~(j1 ^ S) & 1;
      bool toARM =  bit14 && !bit12;

      temp |= (S << 24) | (i1 << 23) | (i2 << 22);

      if (temp & 0x01000000)  // sign extension
        temp |= 0xFE000000;
      uint32_t prefetch;
      if (toARM) {
        // Align PC on 4-byte boundary.
        uint32_t align4byte = (rva % 4) ? 2 : 4;
        prefetch = align4byte;
      } else {
        prefetch = 4;
      }
      temp += prefetch;
      (*addr) = temp;

      uint32_t temp2 = 0x4000;
      temp2 |= (arm_op & (1 << 12)) >> 12;   // .......D
      temp2 |= (arm_op & (1 << 14)) >> 13;   // ......C.
      temp2 |= (arm_op & (1 << 15)) >> 13;   // .....B..
      temp2 |= (arm_op & 0xF8000000) >> 24;  // aaaaa...
      temp2 |= (prefetch & 0x0000000F) << 8;
      (*c_op) = static_cast<uint16_t>(temp2);
      break;
    }
    case ARM_OFF21: {
      // Encoding T3.
      // arm_op = 11110Scc ccmmmmmm 10(j1)0(j2)nnn nnnnnnnn
      // *addr := SSSSSSSS SSSS(j1)(j2)mm mmmmnnnn nnnnnnn0 + 100
      // *c_op := 01010000 0000cccc
      uint32_t temp = 0;
      temp |= (arm_op & 0x000007FF) << 1;  // imm11
      temp |= (arm_op & 0x003F0000) >> 4;  // imm6

      uint32_t S = (arm_op & (1 << 26)) >> 26;
      // TODO(huangs): Check with docs: Perhaps j1, j2 should swap?
      uint32_t j2 = (arm_op & (1 << 11)) >> 11;
      uint32_t j1 = (arm_op & (1 << 13)) >> 13;

      temp |= (S << 20) | (j1 << 19) | (j2 << 18);

      if (temp & 0x00100000)  // sign extension
        temp |= 0xFFE00000;
      temp += 4;
      (*addr) = temp;

      uint32_t temp2 = 0x5000;
      temp2 |= (arm_op & 0x03C00000) >> 22;  // just save the cond
      (*c_op) = static_cast<uint16_t>(temp2);
      break;
    }
    default:
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::Decompress(ARM_RVA type,
                                           uint16_t c_op,
                                           uint32_t addr,
                                           uint32_t* arm_op) {
  switch (type) {
    case ARM_OFF8:
      // addr     = SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS nnnnnnn0 + 100
      // c_op     = 00010000 aaaaaaaa
      // *arm_op := aaaaaaaa Snnnnnnn
      (*arm_op) = ((c_op & 0x0FFF) << 8) | (((addr - 4) >> 1) & 0x000000FF);
      break;
    case ARM_OFF11:
      // addr     = SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SSSSSnnn nnnnnnn0 + 100
      // c_op     = 00100000 000aaaaa
      // *arm_op := aaaaaSnn nnnnnnnn
      (*arm_op) = ((c_op & 0x0FFF) << 11) | (((addr - 4) >> 1) & 0x000007FF);
      break;
    case ARM_OFF24:
      // addr     = SSSSSSSn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnn00 + 1000
      // c_op     = 00110000 aaaaaaaa
      // *arm_op := aaaaaaaa Snnnnnnn nnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn
      (*arm_op) = ((c_op & 0x0FFF) << 24) | (((addr - 8) >> 2) & 0x00FFFFFF);
      break;
    case ARM_OFF25: {
      // addr     = SSSSSSSS (i1)(i2)mmmmmm mmmmnnnn nnnnnnn0 + pppp
      // c_op     = 0100pppp aaaaaBCD
      // j1      := ~i1 ^ S
      // j2      := ~i2 ^ S
      // *arm_op := aaaaaSmm mmmmmmmm BC(j1)D(j2)nnn nnnnnnnn
      uint32_t temp = 0;
      temp |= (c_op & (1 << 0)) << 12;
      temp |= (c_op & (1 << 1)) << 13;
      temp |= (c_op & (1 << 2)) << 13;
      temp |= (c_op & (0xF8000000 >> 24)) << 24;

      uint32_t prefetch = (c_op & 0x0F00) >> 8;
      addr -= prefetch;

      addr &= 0x01FFFFFF;

      uint32_t S = (addr & (1 << 24)) >> 24;
      uint32_t i1 = (addr & (1 << 23)) >> 23;
      uint32_t i2 = (addr & (1 << 22)) >> 22;

      uint32_t j1 = ((~i1) ^ S) & 1;
      uint32_t j2 = ((~i2) ^ S) & 1;

      temp |= S << 26;
      temp |= j2 << 11;
      temp |= j1 << 13;

      temp |= (addr & (0x000007FF << 1)) >> 1;
      temp |= (addr & (0x03FF0000 >> 4)) << 4;

      (*arm_op) = temp;
      break;
    }
    case ARM_OFF21: {
      // addr     = SSSSSSSS SSSS(j1)(j2)mm mmmmnnnn nnnnnnn0 + 100
      // c_op     = 01010000 0000cccc
      // *arm_op := 11110Scc ccmmmmmm 10(j1)0(j2)nnn nnnnnnnn
      uint32_t temp = 0xF0008000;
      temp |= (c_op & (0x03C00000 >> 22)) << 22;

      addr -= 4;
      addr &= 0x001FFFFF;

      uint32_t S = (addr & (1 << 20)) >> 20;
      uint32_t j1 = (addr & (1 << 19)) >> 19;
      uint32_t j2 = (addr & (1 << 18)) >> 18;

      temp |= S << 26;
      temp |= j2 << 11;
      temp |= j1 << 13;

      temp |= (addr & (0x000007FF << 1)) >> 1;
      temp |= (addr & (0x003F0000 >> 4)) << 4;

      (*arm_op) = temp;
      break;
    }
    default:
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}

uint16_t DisassemblerElf32ARM::TypedRVAARM::op_size() const {
  switch (type_) {
    case ARM_OFF8:
      return 2;
    case ARM_OFF11:
      return 2;
    case ARM_OFF24:
      return 4;
    case ARM_OFF25:
      return 4;
    case ARM_OFF21:
      return 4;
    default:
      return 0xFFFF;
  }
}

CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::TypedRVAARM::ComputeRelativeTarget(
    const uint8_t* op_pointer) {
  arm_op_ = op_pointer;
  switch (type_) {
    case ARM_OFF8:  // Falls through.
    case ARM_OFF11: {
      RVA relative_target;
      CheckBool ret = Compress(type_,
                               Read16LittleEndian(op_pointer),
                               rva(),
                               &c_op_,
                               &relative_target);
      set_relative_target(relative_target);
      return ret;
    }
    case ARM_OFF24: {
      RVA relative_target;
      CheckBool ret = Compress(type_,
                               Read32LittleEndian(op_pointer),
                               rva(),
                               &c_op_,
                               &relative_target);
      set_relative_target(relative_target);
      return ret;
    }
    case ARM_OFF25:  // Falls through.
    case ARM_OFF21: {
      // A thumb-2 op is 32 bits stored as two 16-bit words
      uint32_t pval = (Read16LittleEndian(op_pointer) << 16) |
                      Read16LittleEndian(op_pointer + 2);
      RVA relative_target;
      CheckBool ret = Compress(type_, pval, rva(), &c_op_, &relative_target);
      set_relative_target(relative_target);
      return ret;
    }
   default:
     return false;
  }
}

CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::TypedRVAARM::EmitInstruction(
    Label* label,
    InstructionReceptor* receptor) {
  return receptor->EmitRel32ARM(c_op(), label, arm_op_, op_size());
}

DisassemblerElf32ARM::DisassemblerElf32ARM(const uint8_t* start, size_t length)
    : DisassemblerElf32(start, length) {}

// Convert an ELF relocation struction into an RVA.
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::RelToRVA(Elf32_Rel rel, RVA* result) const {
  // The rightmost byte of r_info is the type.
  elf32_rel_arm_type_values type =
      static_cast<elf32_rel_arm_type_values>(rel.r_info & 0xFF);

  // The other 3 bytes of r_info are the symbol.
  uint32_t symbol = rel.r_info >> 8;

  switch (type) {
    case R_ARM_RELATIVE:
      if (symbol != 0)
        return false;

      // This is a basic ABS32 relocation address.
      *result = rel.r_offset;
      return true;

    default:
      return false;
  }
}

CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::ParseRelocationSection(
    const Elf32_Shdr* section_header,
    InstructionReceptor* receptor) const {
  // This method compresses a contiguous stretch of R_ARM_RELATIVE entries in
  // the relocation table with a Courgette relocation table instruction.
  // It skips any entries at the beginning that appear in a section that
  // Courgette doesn't support, e.g. INIT.
  //
  // Specifically, the entries should be
  //   (1) In the same relocation table
  //   (2) Are consecutive
  //   (3) Are sorted in memory address order
  //
  // Happily, this is normally the case, but it's not required by spec so we
  // check, and just don't do it if we don't match up.
  //
  // The expectation is that one relocation section will contain all of our
  // R_ARM_RELATIVE entries in the expected order followed by assorted other
  // entries we can't use special handling for.

  bool match = true;

  // Walk all the bytes in the section, matching relocation table or not.
  FileOffset file_offset = section_header->sh_offset;
  FileOffset section_end = section_header->sh_offset + section_header->sh_size;

  const Elf32_Rel* section_relocs_iter = reinterpret_cast<const Elf32_Rel*>(
      FileOffsetToPointer(section_header->sh_offset));

  uint32_t section_relocs_count =
      section_header->sh_size / section_header->sh_entsize;

  if (abs32_locations_.size() > section_relocs_count)
    match = false;

  if (match && !abs32_locations_.empty()) {
    std::vector<RVA>::const_iterator reloc_iter = abs32_locations_.begin();

    // Look for the first reloc unit matching |abs32_locations_[0]|.
    size_t section_relocs_remaining = section_relocs_count;
    for (; section_relocs_remaining > 0; --section_relocs_remaining) {
      if (section_relocs_iter->r_info == R_ARM_RELATIVE &&
          section_relocs_iter->r_offset == *reloc_iter) {
        break;
      }

      if (!ParseSimpleRegion(file_offset, file_offset + sizeof(Elf32_Rel),
                             receptor)) {
        return false;
      }

      file_offset += sizeof(Elf32_Rel);
      ++section_relocs_iter;
    }

    // If there aren't enough reloc units left then don't bother matching. This
    // can happen if the reloc units are not sorted.
    if (abs32_locations_.size() > section_relocs_remaining)
      match = false;

    // Try to match successive reloc units with (sorted) |abs32_locations_|.
    while (match && (reloc_iter != abs32_locations_.end())) {
      if (section_relocs_iter->r_info != R_ARM_RELATIVE ||
          section_relocs_iter->r_offset != *reloc_iter) {
        match = false;
      }

      ++section_relocs_iter;
      ++reloc_iter;
      file_offset += sizeof(Elf32_Rel);
    }

    if (match) {
      // Success: Emit relocation table.
      if (!receptor->EmitElfARMRelocation())
        return false;
    }
  }

  return ParseSimpleRegion(file_offset, section_end, receptor);
}

// TODO(huangs): Detect and avoid overlap with abs32 addresses.
CheckBool DisassemblerElf32ARM::ParseRel32RelocsFromSection(
    const Elf32_Shdr* section_header) {
  FileOffset start_file_offset = section_header->sh_offset;
  FileOffset end_file_offset = start_file_offset + section_header->sh_size;

  const uint8_t* start_pointer = FileOffsetToPointer(start_file_offset);
  const uint8_t* end_pointer = FileOffsetToPointer(end_file_offset);

  // Quick way to convert from Pointer to RVA within a single Section is to
  // subtract |pointer_to_rva|.
  const uint8_t* const adjust_pointer_to_rva =
      start_pointer - section_header->sh_addr;

  // Find the rel32 relocations.
  const uint8_t* p = start_pointer;
  bool on_32bit = 1;  // 32-bit ARM ops appear on 32-bit boundaries, so track it
  while (p < end_pointer) {
    // Heuristic discovery of rel32 locations in instruction stream: are the
    // next few bytes the start of an instruction containing a rel32
    // addressing mode?
    std::unique_ptr<TypedRVAARM> rel32_rva;
    RVA target_rva = 0;
    bool found = false;

    // 16-bit thumb ops
    if (!found && p + 3 <= end_pointer) {
      uint16_t pval = Read16LittleEndian(p);
      if ((pval & 0xF000) == 0xD000) {
        RVA rva = static_cast<RVA>(p - adjust_pointer_to_rva);

        rel32_rva.reset(new TypedRVAARM(ARM_OFF8, rva));
        if (!rel32_rva->ComputeRelativeTarget(p))
          return false;

        target_rva = rel32_rva->rva() + rel32_rva->relative_target();
        found = true;
      } else if ((pval & 0xF800) == 0xE000) {
        RVA rva = static_cast<RVA>(p - adjust_pointer_to_rva);

        rel32_rva.reset(new TypedRVAARM(ARM_OFF11, rva));
        if (!rel32_rva->ComputeRelativeTarget(p))
          return false;

        target_rva = rel32_rva->rva() + rel32_rva->relative_target();
        found = true;
      }
    }

    // thumb-2 ops comprised of two 16-bit words.
    if (!found && p + 5 <= end_pointer) {
      // This is really two 16-bit words, not one 32-bit word.
      uint32_t pval = (Read16LittleEndian(p) << 16) | Read16LittleEndian(p + 2);
      if ((pval & 0xF8008000) == 0xF0008000) {
        // Covers thumb-2's 32-bit conditional/unconditional branches
        if ((pval & (1 << 14)) || (pval & (1 << 12))) {
          // A branch, with link, or with link and exchange.
          RVA rva = static_cast<RVA>(p - adjust_pointer_to_rva);

          rel32_rva.reset(new TypedRVAARM(ARM_OFF25, rva));
          if (!rel32_rva->ComputeRelativeTarget(p))
            return false;

          target_rva = rel32_rva->rva() + rel32_rva->relative_target();
          found = true;

        } else {
          // TODO(paulgazz) make sure cond is not 111
          // A conditional branch instruction
          RVA rva = static_cast<RVA>(p - adjust_pointer_to_rva);

          rel32_rva.reset(new TypedRVAARM(ARM_OFF21, rva));
          if (!rel32_rva->ComputeRelativeTarget(p))
            return false;

          target_rva = rel32_rva->rva() + rel32_rva->relative_target();
          found = true;
        }
      }
    }

    // 32-bit ARM ops.
    if (!found && on_32bit && (p + 5) <= end_pointer) {
      uint32_t pval = Read32LittleEndian(p);
      if ((pval & 0x0E000000) == 0x0A000000) {
        // Covers both 0x0A 0x0B ARM relative branches
        RVA rva = static_cast<RVA>(p - adjust_pointer_to_rva);

        rel32_rva.reset(new TypedRVAARM(ARM_OFF24, rva));
        if (!rel32_rva->ComputeRelativeTarget(p))
          return false;

        target_rva = rel32_rva->rva() + rel32_rva->relative_target();
        found = true;
      }
    }

    if (found && IsValidTargetRVA(target_rva)) {
      uint16_t op_size = rel32_rva->op_size();
      rel32_locations_.push_back(std::move(rel32_rva));
#if COURGETTE_HISTOGRAM_TARGETS
      ++rel32_target_rvas_[target_rva];
#endif
      p += op_size;

      // A tricky way to update the on_32bit flag. Here is the truth table:
      // on_32bit | on_32bit   size is 4
      // ---------+---------------------
      // 1        | 0          0
      // 0        | 0          1
      // 0        | 1          0
      // 1        | 1          1
      on_32bit = (on_32bit == (op_size == 4));
    } else {
      // Move 2 bytes at a time, but track 32-bit boundaries
      p += 2;
      on_32bit = ((on_32bit + 1) % 2) != 0;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

}  // namespace courgette