...menustart

VIM
grok VIM
- A sampling of more advanced tricks:

...menuend

VIM

插件安装

安装vundle

git clone https://github.com/gmarik/vundle.git ~/.vim/bundle/vundle

在.vimrc配置文件中添加vundle支持

filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/vundle/
call vundle#rc()

配置插件
- bundle分为三类，比较常用就是第二种：
  1. 在Github vim-scripts 用户下的repos,只需要写出repos名称
  2. 在Github其他用户下的repos, 需要写出”用户名/repos名”
  3. 不在Github上的插件，需要写出git全路径
- 将其他需要安装的插件加入到 ~/.vimrc
```
" 使用Vundle来管理Vundle
Bundle 'gmarik/vundle'
 
" Define bundles via Github repos
Bundle 'christoomey/vim-run-interactive'
Bundle 'croaky/vim-colors-github'
Bundle "Valloric/YouCompleteMe"
...
```
安装插件
- 打开vim，运行 :BundleInstall 或在shell中直接运行
```
vim +BundleInstall +qall
```
- update :
```
vim +PluginUpdate
```

YouCompleteMe 配置

for C family support: ./install.py --clangd-completer
- 加上 --system-libclang 则使用mac 自带的libclang，但是一般版本比较旧，会有问题
C# support: install Mono and add --cs-completer
Go support: install Go and add --go-completer
JavaScript and TypeScript support: install Node.js and npm and add --ts-completer
Rust support: install Rust and add --rust-completer when calling ./install.py.
- put ~/.cargo/bin in you $PATH ?
```
# rust
export PATH=$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH
```
Java support: install JDK8 (version 8 required) and add --java-completer

for common using

./install.py --clangd-completer --cs-completer  --go-completer --ts-completer --java-completer

# --clang-completer --system-libclang

for Ubuntu, sudo apt install build-essential is needed

C-Family 补全配置文件

YCM 会一层一层目录往上查找 .ycm_extra_conf.py 配置文件
example: https://github.com/ycm-core/ycmd/blob/master/.ycm_extra_conf.py

and you normally need do some modification for c-project

 	# THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without the '-x' flag, Clang won't know which language to
 	# use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++ headers will be
 	# compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify the '-x' flag.
 	# For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
 	'-x',
 	'c',
 	'-std=c99',
 	'-isystem', # OSX c headers
 	'/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/usr/include/',  
 	'-isystem', 
 	'./program/include/' , # you project headers
 	...

YCMD 排错

Tagbar 需要安装 ctags - brew install ctags
- for golang, you also need gotags brew install gotags
python 语法检查 - pip install flake8
vim 诊断
- :YcmDebugInfo
vim check logs
- YcmToggleLogs
output log to file
- running vim with the -V[N] option will do a pretty hefty runtime log, here N is the debug level.
```
vim -V9myVim.log
```
- would create a log of debug level 9 in the current directory with the filename myVim.log

Markdown

chrome 安装插件 : Markdown Preview Plus
打开 chrome://extensions/ ，在设置页中勾选 “Allow access to file URLs”

VIM 正则表达式

关于Magic

常见的编辑器，一般都可以指定是普通搜索还是使用正则表达式搜索
但vim模式的是混合搜索，既 magic (\m)模式
- 比如 /foo(1) 命令，大多数人都是用它来查找foo(1)这个字符串.
- 于是，vim就规定，正则表达式的元字符必须用反斜杠进行转义才行，如上面的例子，如果确实要用正则表达式，就应当写成 /foo$1$
- 但是，像 . * 这种极其常用的元字符，都加上反斜杠就太麻烦了。而且，众口难调，有些人喜欢用正则表达式，有些人不喜欢用……
为了解决这个问题，vim设置了 magic 这个东西。简单地说， magic就是设置哪些元字符要加反斜杠哪些不用加的。简单来说：
- magic (\m): 除了 $ . * ^ 之外其他元字符都要加反斜杠
- nomagic (\M): 除了 $ ^ 之外其他元字符都要加反斜杠。
- /\m.* # 查找任意字符串
- /\M.* # 查找字符串 .*
另外还有更强大的 \v 和 \V。
- \v （即 very magic 之意）: 任何元字符都不用加反斜杠
- \V （即 very nomagic 之意）: 任何元字符都必须加反斜杠

捕获组

捕获组符号和perl 略有不同，使用 @ 而不是 (?
TODO: 确认是否真的不支持 perl 模式？ (比如非贪婪匹配就同时支持)

Perl	vim
(?=	@=
(?!	@!
(?<=	@<=
`(?<!`	`@<!`
(?>	@>
(?:	`%(atom\)`

vim中的捕获组的模式的位置与perl不同
- 例如，查找紧跟在 foo 之后的 bar，perl将模式(这里是foo)写在环视(?<=)的括号内, 而vim将模式写在环视的元字符之前。
- Perl的写法 (?<=foo)bar
- vim的写法 (foo)@<=bar

vim 没有 \b, 匹配单词词首词尾使用 < , >

vim Mark

设置mark
- mX
- X 的说明：

mark	设置者	使用
a-z	用户	仅对当前的一个文件生效，也就意味着只可以在当前文件中跳转
A-Z	用户	全局标注，可以作用于不同文件。大写标注也称为「文件标注」。跳转时有可能会切换到另一个缓冲区
0-9	viminfo	0 代表 viminfo 最后一次被写入的位置。实际使用中，就代表 Vim 进程最后一次结束的位置。1 代表 Vim 进程倒数第二次结束的位置，以此类推

mark 命令小结

m ——创建标记
' ——移动到标记的文本行首
` ——移动到标记的光标位置
:marks ——列示所有标记
:delmarks ——删除指定标记
:delmarks! ——删除所有标记

VIM tips

check vim compile features
```
vim --version
```
参数列表
- 每一个通过 shell 命令传递给 Vim 的文件名都被记录在一个参数列表中。
- 可以有多个参数列表：
  - 默认情况下所有参数都被放在全局参数列表下，但是你可以使用 :arglocal 命令去创建一个新的本地窗口的参数列表。
- 使用 :args 命令可以列出当前参数
- 参数列表在有些情况下被大量使用：批处理
- 使用 :argdo！一个简单的重构例子：
```
:args **/*.[ch]
:argdo %s/foo/bar/ge | update
```
- 这条命令将替换掉当前目录下以及当前目录的子目录中所有的 C 源文件和头文件中的“foo”，并用“bar”代替。
搜索
- 反向肯定搜索 lookahead
  - 搜索 exp2， start with exp1 .
```
$exp1$\@<=exp2
```
- 前向肯定搜索 lookahead
  - 搜索 exp1, followed by exp2
```
exp1$exp2$\@=
```
- 搜索带/ 的字符串，比如 URL
```
:?URL
```

clear a register

# set register `i`  empty
qiq

# or remove register `i`
:exec setreg('i', [])

文件夹搜索
```
vimgrep /pattern/gj path
```
- 参数:
  - g: 一行中出现多次，只显示一次
  - j: 只列出匹配的行
- path
  - ./*.c 当前文件夹下 c 文件中查找
  - **/*.* 包括子文件夹下所有文件
- 搜索完毕 copen 或 cw 查看搜索列表

文件夹替换

查找

:args *.cpp
:argdo /word

替换

:args *.cpp
:argdo %s/word/NEW/eg | update

多行行首插入字符
1. 光标置与第一行行首, ctrl-v 进入 VISUAL BLOCK
2. 向下移动光标选中所有行
3. shift i 进入多行插入模式，编辑 , esc
4. 等 1秒钟，修改完成
- note: v 以字元为单位，V 以行为单位，ctrl-v 以列为单位
多行行尾插入字符
- 和上边的多行行首插入类似，只是第三步进行修改
1. Press $ to extend the visual block to the end of each line.
2. Press A ，进入行尾编辑
3. 编辑 , esc
Remove unwanted empty lines
- use v to select the range of lines you want to work on
- useing either of the following command to delete all empty lines:
```
:g/^$/d
:v/./d
```

make multiple line word into java string

# record
qq0I"escA",esc0jq   // ( 0I 0j 校正位置 )
@q
8@@

复制/移动行

:6t.  // 复制第6行到当前位置
:6,8t. // 复制6-8行到当前位置
:6m.   // 移动 第6行
;6,8m. // 移动 6-8行

grok VIM

The "Zen" of vi is that you're speaking a language.
- yy
  - The initial y is a verb.
  - The statement yy is a synonym for y_. The y is doubled up to make it easier to type.
  - the verb can take any movements as their "subject."
vi has 26 "marks" and 26 "registers." ( lower case characters)
- ma sets the 'a' mark to the current location
- use 'a (single quote) to jump the beginning of the LINE has 'a' mark
- use `a (backquote) to jump the precise location of the 'a' mark.
  - markdown tips: use a space infront and surrounded by doulbe backquote to display single backquote.
  - similarly, use space infront and surrounded by single backquote to display double backquote.
- more special mark jumping
  - `` , '' , to jump back to where jumped from
  - `0 , jump to position in last file edited (when exited Vim)
  - `1 , like `0 , but the previous file (also `2 etc)
- Because these are "movements" they can also be used as subjects for other "statements."
  - d`a to delete the content from current location to 'a' mark
So, one way to cut an arbitrary selection of text would be to drop a mark.
- this is one way to cut or copy text. However, it is only one of many.
- Frequently we can more succinctly describe the range of text without moving our cursor around and dropping a mark.
- For example if I'm in a paragraph of text I can use { and } movements to the beginning or end of the paragraph respectively.
- So, to move a paragraph of text I cut it using { d} (3 keystrokes).
Searching forwards or backwards are movements in vi. Thus they can also be used as "subjects" in our "statements."
- d/abc , delete the content from current location to the next matched abc
- y?abc , yark the content from current locationthe most recent (previous) matched abd

In addition to "verbs" and "subjects" vi also has "objects".
- So far I've only described the use of the anonymous register.
- However, I can use any of the 26 "named" registers by prefixing the "object" reference with " (the double quote modifier).
- Thus if I use "add I'm cutting the current line into the 'a' register.
- To paste from a register I simply prefix the paste with the same modifier sequence: "ap pastes a copy of the 'a' register's contents.
- This notion of "prefixes" is something like "adjectives" / "adverbs".
- Most commands (verbs) and movement (verbs or objects, depending on context) can also take numeric prefixes.
  - Thus 3J means "join the next three lines"
  - and d5} means "delete from the current line through the end of the fifth paragraph down from here."
This is all intermediate level vi.

A sampling of more advanced tricks:

There are a number of : commands, most notably the :% s/foo/bar/g global substitution technique
- : commands normally operate over lines of text. The whole : set of commands was historically inherited by vi's previous incarnations ,ed and ex, very elder.
- So the syntax of most : commands includes an address or range of addresses (line number) followed by a command.
- :127,215 s/foo/bar to change the first occurrence of "foo" into "bar" on each line between 127 and 215
- One could also use some abbreviations such as . or $ for current and last line respectively
- One could also use relative prefixes + and - to refer to offsets after or before the curent line,
- Thus, :.,$j meaning "from the current line to the last line, join them all into one line".
- :% is synonymous with :1,$ (all the lines).
The :...g and :...v commands are incredibly powerful.
- :...g is a prefix for "globally" applying a subsequent command to current line which match a pattern (regular expression)
- while :...v applies such a command to current line which do NOT match the given pattern ("v" from "conVerse").
- Thus :.,+21g/foo/d means "delete any lines containing the string "foo" from the current one through the next 21 lines"
- while :.,$v/bar/d means "from here to the end of the file, delete any lines which DON'T contain the string "bar."
- It's interesting that the common Unix command grep is named after this way. The command :g/re/p was the way how to "globally" "print" lines containing a "regular expression" (re).
- Note that :% g/.../d or (its reVerse/conVerse counterpart: :% v/.../d are the most common usage patterns.
  - :g/.../d 同样效果？
- In : command, we can use m to move lines around, and j to join lines.
  - if you have a list and you want to separate all the stuff matching without deleting them, (or conversely NOT matching some pattern)
    - then you can use something like: :% g/foo/m$ ... and all the "foo" lines will have been moved to the end of the file.
    - Note the other tip about using the end of your file as a scratch space
  - :% g/Another/-1j , for every matching line, go up one line and join them.
- Almost needless to mention you can use our old friend s (substitute) with the g and v.
  - :% g/foo/s/bar/zzz/g for every line containing "foo" substitute all "bar" with "zzz."
The : addresses can also refer to marks.
- Thus you can use: :'a,'bg/foo/j to join any line containing the string foo to its subsequent line, if it lies between the lines between the 'a' and 'b' marks.
Another very useful vi or ex command is :r to read in the contents of another file.
- Thus: :r foo inserts the contents of the file named "foo" at the current line.
- More powerful is the :r! command. This reads the results of a command , and insert it at the current line.
Even more powerful are the ! (bang) and :... ! (ex bang) commands.
- These also execute external commands and read the results into the current text.
- However, they also filter selections of our text through the command!
  - This we can sort all the lines in our file using 1G!Gsort. This is equivalent to the ex variant :1,$!sort.
  - Writers often use ! with the Unix fmt or fold utilities for reformating or "word wrapping" selections of text.
  - A very common macro is {!}fmt (reformat the current paragraph).
Another useful ex command is :so (short for :source).
- This reads the contents of a file as a series of commands.
The @ command is probably the most obscure vi command.
- @ executes the contents of a register as if it were a vi or ex command.

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vim.md

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VIM

插件安装

YouCompleteMe 配置

C-Family 补全配置文件

YCMD 排错

Markdown

VIM 正则表达式

vim Mark

VIM tips

grok VIM

A sampling of more advanced tricks:

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File metadata and controls

VIM

插件安装

YouCompleteMe 配置

C-Family 补全配置文件

YCMD 排错

Markdown

VIM 正则表达式

vim Mark

VIM tips

grok VIM

A sampling of more advanced tricks: