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english_gramma.md

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简单语法笔记

3个句子类型

  1. 简单句 主谓宾
  2. 并列句 主谓宾, 并列词 + 主谓宾 (and,or,but,...)
  3. 复合句 主谓宾, 从句引导词 + 主谓宾 (which,when,where...)

6个简单句 句型

  1. 主谓宾
  2. 主谓
  3. 主系表
  4. 主谓宾宾
  5. 主谓宾补 (补:形容词, 不定式)
  6. There be

3个特殊句式

  1. 强调句
    • It was him that hit me.
    • It was through this site I learned about this project.
  2. 倒装句: 强调的东西 谓主宾
    • Only when we try harder can we win.
    • Only through hard work can we win.
    • Here comes the bus.
    • Long live the queen. ( The queen live long )
  3. 虚拟语气
    • 假设一件 有可能 发生的事 -> 条件状语
      • If it rains(现在时), the event will(将来时) be canceled.
    • 假设一件 不可能 发生的事 -> 虚拟语气
      1. 现在不可能: If I were(过去时) a boy, I would(过去时) be a soldier.
      2. 过去不可能(和既成事实相反): If I had studied(过去完成) English, it would have been(过去+完成) easier now.

非谓语

  1. 现在分词 doing: 和主句主语为主动关系
    • The boy was lost, failing to find the way back home.
  2. 过去分词 done: 和主句主语为被动关系
    • The boy was lost, failed by his poor memory.