TempCompass: A benchmark to evaluate the temporal perception ability of Video LLMs

Yuanxin Liu¹  Shicheng Li¹  Yi Liu¹  Yuxiang Wang¹  Shuhuai Ren¹ 
Lei Li²  Sishuo Chen¹  Xu Sun¹  Lu Hou³

¹Peking University  ²The University of Hong Kong  ³Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab

📢 News

[2024-10-30] 🎉🎉🎉 TempCompass is integrated into VLMEvalKit.

[2024-08-30] Results of Qwen2-VL, GPT-4o, MiniCPM-V-2.6, InternVL-2-8B, LLaVA-OneVision-Qwen-2-7B and InterLM-XComposer-2.5 are added to the leaderboard. GPT-4o establishes the new SoTA!

[2024-08-08] Results of LLaVA-Next-Video, VILA-1.5 and LongVA are added to the leaderboard.

[2024-07] 🎉🎉🎉 TempCompass is integrated into LMMs-Eval. See here for usage examples.

[2024-06-11] Result of Reka-core is added to the leaderboard.

[2024-05-25] TempCompass Leaderboard is available on HuggingFace Space 🤗.

[2024-05-16] 🎊🎊🎊 TempCompass is accepted at ACL 2024 Findings!

[2024-04-14] Evaluation result of Gemini-1.5-pro, the current SOTA Video LLM, is add.

[2024-03-23] The answer prompt is improved to better guide Video LLMs to follow the desired answer formats. The evaluation code now provides an option to disable the use of ChatGPT.

[2024-03-12] 🔥🔥🔥 The evaluation code is released now! Feel free to evaluate your own Video LLMs.

🏆 LeaderBoard

✨ Highlights

Diverse Temporal Aspects and Task Formats

• TempCompass encompasses a diverse set of temporal aspects (left) and task formats (right) to comprehensively evaluate the temporal perception capability of Video LLMs.

Conflicting Videos

• We construct conflicting videos to prevent the models from taking advantage of single-frame bias and language priors.

• 🤔 Can your Video LLM correctly answer the following question for both two videos?

  

  What is happening in the video?
  A. A person drops down the pineapple
  B. A person pushes forward the pineapple
  C. A person rotates the pineapple
  D. A person picks up the pineapple

🚀 Quick Start

To begin with, clone this repository and install some packages:

git clone https://github.com/llyx97/TempCompass.git
cd TempCompass
pip install -r requirements.txt

Data Preparation

1. Task Instructions

The task instructions can be found in questions/.

Task Instruction Generation Procedure

1. Generate Multi-Choice QA instructions (question_gen.py).

2. Manually validate quality and rectify.

3. Generate task instructions for Yes/No QA (question_gen_yes_no.py), Caption Matching (question_gen_caption_match.py) and Caption Generation (question_gen_captioning.py), based on manually rectified Multi-Choice QA instructions.

4. Manually validate quality and rectify.

2. Videos

All the processed videos can be downloaded from google drive or huggingface.

As an alternative, you can also download the raw videos and process them yourself

Run the following commands. The videos will be saved to videos/.

cd utils
python download_video.py    # Download raw videos
python process_videos.py    # Construct conflicting videos

Note: If you encounter a MoviePy error when running the processing script, please refer to this issue.

Run Inference

We use Video-LLaVA and Gemini as examples to illustrate how to conduct MLLM inference on our benchmark.

1. Video-LLaVA

Enter run_video_llava and install the environment as instructed.

Then run the following commands. The prediction results will be saved to predictions/video-llava/<task_type>.

# select <task_type> from multi-choice, yes_no, caption_matching, captioning
python inference_dataset.py --task_type <task_type>

2. Gemini

The inference script for gemini-1.5-pro is run_gemini.ipynb. It is recommended to run the script in Google Colab.

Run Evaluation

After obtaining the MLLM predictions, run the following commands to conduct automatic evaluation. Remember to set your own $OPENAI_API_KEY in utils/eval_utils.py.

• Multi-Choice QA python eval_multi_choice.py --video_llm video-llava

• Yes/No QA python eval_yes_no.py --video_llm video-llava

• Caption Matching python eval_caption_matching.py --video_llm video-llava

• Caption Generation python eval_captioning.py --video_llm video-llava

Tip👉: Except for Caption Generation, you can set --disable_llm when running the scripts, which will disable chatgpt-based evaluation (i.e., entirely rely on rule-based evaluation). This is useful when you do not want to use ChatGPT API and your MLLM is good at following the instruction to generate answers of specific format.

The results of each data point will be saved to auto_eval_results/video-llava/<task_type>.json and the overall results on each temporal aspect will be printed out as follows:

{'action': 76.0, 'direction': 35.2, 'speed': 35.6, 'order': 37.7, 'attribute_change': 41.0, 'avg': 45.6}
{'fine-grained action': 58.8, 'coarse-grained action': 90.3, 'object motion': 36.2, 'camera motion': 32.6, 'absolute speed': 47.6, 'relative speed': 28.0, 'order': 37.7, 'color & light change': 43.6, 'size & shape change': 39.4, 'combined change': 41.7, 'other change': 38.9}
Match Success Rate=100.0

LMMs-Eval Evaluation

Here we provide an example of how to evaluate LLaVA-Next-Video on TempCompass, using lmms-eval.

1. Clone the repo from LLaVA-Next and setup environments

git clone https://github.com/LLaVA-VL/LLaVA-NeXT
cd LLaVA-NeXT
pip install -e .

2. Run inference and evaluation in a single command

accelerate launch --num_processes 8 --main_process_port 12345 -m lmms_eval \
    --model llavavid \
    --model_args pretrained=lmms-lab/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-32B-Qwen,conv_template=qwen_1_5,video_decode_backend=decord,max_frames_num=32,mm_spatial_pool_mode=average,mm_newline_position=grid,mm_resampler_location=after \
    --tasks tempcompass \
    --batch_size 1 \
    --log_samples \
    --log_samples_suffix llava_vid_32B \
    --output_path ./logs/

You can also evaluate the performance on each task (e.g., multi-choice) seperately:

accelerate launch --num_processes 8 --main_process_port 12345 -m lmms_eval \
    --model llavavid \
    --model_args pretrained=lmms-lab/LLaVA-NeXT-Video-32B-Qwen,conv_template=qwen_1_5,video_decode_backend=decord,max_frames_num=32,mm_spatial_pool_mode=average,mm_newline_position=grid,mm_resampler_location=after \
    --tasks tempcompass_multi_choice \
    --batch_size 1 \
    --log_samples \
    --log_samples_suffix llava_vid_32B \
    --output_path ./logs/

3. Submit results to TempCompass LeaderBoard

Place the lmms-eval outputs (tempcompass_multi_choice.json, tempcompass_yes_no.json, tempcompass_caption_matching.json and tempcompass_captioning.json) into the same folder and run this script:

python merge_eval_result.py

Then submit the output file merged_result.json to the leaderboard.

Note: Currently, the evaluation results calculated by lmms-eval on specific temporal aspects might be incorrect (the average accuracy on each task is correct). To obtain the correct results, you can use this script: acc_lmms_eval.py or submit the result to our leaderboard.

📈 Data Statistics

📊 Evaluation Results

The following figures present results of five representative Video LLMs. Results of more Video LLMs and Image LLMs can be found in our paper and the leaderboard.

Answer Prompt

We update the answer prompt for Multi-Choice QA and Caption Matching, from "Best Option:" to "Please directly give the best option:", which can better encourage MLLMs to directly select an option. As such, we can reduce the reliance on ChatGPT API, if an MLLM is good at following the instruction.

The success rate of rule-based matching is as follows:

Multi-Choice QA

	V-LLaVA	SPHINX-v2	LLaMA-VID	Qwen-VL-Chat	PandaGPT	Valley
old prompt	37.9	99.6	62.9	46.8	6.4	3.5
new prompt	100	100	97.0	98.5	3.9	0.4

Caption Matching

	V-LLaVA	SPHINX-v2	LLaMA-VID	Qwen-VL-Chat	PandaGPT	Valley
old prompt	76.6	89.3	44.5	91.6	30.7	11.2
new prompt	99.5	99.5	68.3	96.0	22.5	3.7

TODOs

• Upload scripts to collect and process videos.
• Upload the code for automatic evaluation.
• Upload the code for task instruction generation.

Citation

@article{liu2024tempcompass,
  title   = {TempCompass: Do Video LLMs Really Understand Videos?},
  author  = {Yuanxin Liu and Shicheng Li and Yi Liu and Yuxiang Wang and Shuhuai Ren and Lei Li and Sishuo Chen and Xu Sun and Lu Hou},
  year    = {2024},
  journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv: 2403.00476}
}