[Clang] Add diagnostic about "%P" specifier with Objective-C pointers (#89977)

A Darwin extension '%P' combined with an Objective-C pointer seems to
always be a bug.

'%P' will dump bytes at the pointed-to address (in contrast to '%p'
which dumps the pointer itself). This extension is only allowed in "OS
Log" contexts and is intended to be used like `%{uuid_t}.*16P` or
`%{timeval}.*P`. If an ObjC pointer is used, then the internal runtime
structure (aka, the is-a pointer and other runtime metadata) will be
dumped, which (IMO) is never the expectation.

A simple diagnostic can help flag these scenarios.

Resolves #89968

Co-authored-by: Jared Grubb <jgrubb@apple.com>

Author: jaredgrubb

clang/include/clang/Basic/DiagnosticSemaKinds.td

@@ -9901,6 +9901,9 @@ def warn_format_invalid_annotation : Warning<
 def warn_format_P_no_precision : Warning<
   "using '%%P' format specifier without precision">,
   InGroup<Format>;
+def warn_format_P_with_objc_pointer : Warning<
+  "using '%%P' format specifier with an Objective-C pointer results in dumping runtime object structure, not object value">,
+  InGroup<Format>;
 def warn_printf_ignored_flag: Warning<
   "flag '%0' is ignored when flag '%1' is present">,
   InGroup<Format>;

clang/lib/Sema/SemaChecking.cpp

@@ -12559,6 +12559,17 @@ CheckPrintfHandler::checkFormatExpr(const analyze_printf::PrintfSpecifier &FS,
     return true;
   }
 
+  // Diagnose attempts to use '%P' with ObjC object types, which will result in
+  // dumping raw class data (like is-a pointer), not actual data.
+  if (FS.getConversionSpecifier().getKind() == ConversionSpecifier::PArg &&
+      ExprTy->isObjCObjectPointerType()) {
+    const CharSourceRange &CSR =
+        getSpecifierRange(StartSpecifier, SpecifierLen);
+    EmitFormatDiagnostic(S.PDiag(diag::warn_format_P_with_objc_pointer),
+                         E->getExprLoc(), false, CSR);
+    return true;
+  }
+
   ArgType::MatchKind ImplicitMatch = ArgType::NoMatch;
   ArgType::MatchKind Match = AT.matchesType(S.Context, ExprTy);
   ArgType::MatchKind OrigMatch = Match;

clang/test/SemaObjC/format-strings-oslog.m

@@ -44,15 +44,18 @@ void test_os_log_format(const char *pc, int i, void *p, void *buf) {
 }
 
 // Test os_log_format primitive with ObjC string literal format argument.
-void test_objc(const char *pc, int i, void *p, void *buf, NSString *nss) {
+void test_objc(const char *pc, int i, void *p, void *buf, NSString *nss, id obj) {
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"");
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%d"); // expected-warning {{more '%' conversions than data arguments}}
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%d", i);
+
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%P", p); // expected-warning {{using '%P' format specifier without precision}}
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%.10P", p);
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%.*P", p); // expected-warning {{field precision should have type 'int', but argument has type 'void *'}}
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%.*P", i, p);
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%.*P", i, i); // expected-warning {{format specifies type 'void *' but the argument has type 'int'}}
+  __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%.8P", nss);    // expected-warning {{using '%P' format specifier with an Objective-C pointer results in dumping runtime object structure, not object value}}
+  __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%.*P", i, obj); // expected-warning {{using '%P' format specifier with an Objective-C pointer results in dumping runtime object structure, not object value}}
 
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%{private}s", pc);
   __builtin_os_log_format(buf, @"%@", nss);