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LogisticRegression_OneVsAll.py
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LogisticRegression_OneVsAll.py
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#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy.io as spio
from scipy import optimize
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\simsun.ttc", size=14) # 解决windows环境下画图汉字乱码问题
def logisticRegression_OneVsAll():
data = loadmat_data("data_digits.mat")
X = data['X'] # 获取X数据,每一行对应一个数字20x20px
y = data['y']
m,n = X.shape
num_labels = 10 # 数字个数,0-9
## 随机显示几行数据
rand_indices = [t for t in [np.random.randint(x-x, m) for x in range(100)]] # 生成100个0-m的随机数
display_data(X[rand_indices,:]) # 显示100个数字
Lambda = 0.1 # 正则化系数
#y = y.reshape(-1,1)
all_theta = oneVsAll(X, y, num_labels, Lambda) # 计算所有的theta
p = predict_oneVsAll(all_theta,X) # 预测
# 将预测结果和真实结果保存到文件中
#res = np.hstack((p,y.reshape(-1,1)))
#np.savetxt("predict.csv", res, delimiter=',')
print(u"预测准确度为:%f%%"%np.mean(np.float64(p == y.reshape(-1,1))*100))
# 加载mat文件
def loadmat_data(fileName):
return spio.loadmat(fileName)
# 显示100个数字
def display_data(imgData):
sum = 0
'''
显示100个数(若是一个一个绘制将会非常慢,可以将要画的数字整理好,放到一个矩阵中,显示这个矩阵即可)
- 初始化一个二维数组
- 将每行的数据调整成图像的矩阵,放进二维数组
- 显示即可
'''
pad = 1
display_array = -np.ones((pad+10*(20+pad),pad+10*(20+pad)))
for i in range(10):
for j in range(10):
display_array[pad+i*(20+pad):pad+i*(20+pad)+20,pad+j*(20+pad):pad+j*(20+pad)+20] = (imgData[sum,:].reshape(20,20,order="F")) # order=F指定以列优先,在matlab中是这样的,python中需要指定,默认以行
sum += 1
plt.imshow(display_array,cmap='gray') #显示灰度图像
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()
# 求每个分类的theta,最后返回所有的all_theta
def oneVsAll(X,y,num_labels,Lambda):
# 初始化变量
m,n = X.shape
all_theta = np.zeros((n+1,num_labels)) # 每一列对应相应分类的theta,共10列
X = np.hstack((np.ones((m,1)),X)) # X前补上一列1的偏置bias
class_y = np.zeros((m,num_labels)) # 数据的y对应0-9,需要映射为0/1的关系
initial_theta = np.zeros((n+1,1)) # 初始化一个分类的theta
# 映射y
for i in range(num_labels):
class_y[:,i] = np.int32(y==i).reshape(1,-1) # 注意reshape(1,-1)才可以赋值
#np.savetxt("class_y.csv", class_y[0:600,:], delimiter=',')
'''遍历每个分类,计算对应的theta值'''
for i in range(num_labels):
#optimize.fmin_cg
result = optimize.fmin_bfgs(costFunction, initial_theta, fprime=gradient, args=(X,class_y[:,i],Lambda)) # 调用梯度下降的优化方法
all_theta[:,i] = result.reshape(1,-1) # 放入all_theta中
all_theta = np.transpose(all_theta)
return all_theta
# 代价函数
def costFunction(initial_theta,X,y,inital_lambda):
m = len(y)
J = 0
h = sigmoid(np.dot(X,initial_theta)) # 计算h(z)
theta1 = initial_theta.copy() # 因为正则化j=1从1开始,不包含0,所以复制一份,前theta(0)值为0
theta1[0] = 0
temp = np.dot(np.transpose(theta1),theta1)
J = (-np.dot(np.transpose(y),np.log(h))-np.dot(np.transpose(1-y),np.log(1-h))+temp*inital_lambda/2)/m # 正则化的代价方程
return J
# 计算梯度
def gradient(initial_theta,X,y,inital_lambda):
m = len(y)
grad = np.zeros((initial_theta.shape[0]))
h = sigmoid(np.dot(X,initial_theta)) # 计算h(z)
theta1 = initial_theta.copy()
theta1[0] = 0
grad = np.dot(np.transpose(X),h-y)/m+inital_lambda/m*theta1 #正则化的梯度
return grad
# S型函数
def sigmoid(z):
h = np.zeros((len(z),1)) # 初始化,与z的长度一致
h = 1.0/(1.0+np.exp(-z))
return h
# 预测
def predict_oneVsAll(all_theta,X):
m = X.shape[0]
num_labels = all_theta.shape[0]
p = np.zeros((m,1))
X = np.hstack((np.ones((m,1)),X)) #在X最前面加一列1
h = sigmoid(np.dot(X,np.transpose(all_theta))) #预测
'''
返回h中每一行最大值所在的列号
- np.max(h, axis=1)返回h中每一行的最大值(是某个数字的最大概率)
- 最后where找到的最大概率所在的列号(列号即是对应的数字)
'''
p = np.array(np.where(h[0,:] == np.max(h, axis=1)[0]))
for i in np.arange(1, m):
t = np.array(np.where(h[i,:] == np.max(h, axis=1)[i]))
p = np.vstack((p,t))
return p
if __name__ == "__main__":
logisticRegression_OneVsAll()