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[database][mysql]mysql实践手册.html
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[database][mysql]mysql实践手册.html
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<span data-v-7c5ab02c>2017 - </span>
2023
</a></span></div></div> <div data-v-5f3f4765><main class="page"><div class="page-title" style="display:none;"><h1>mysql实践手册</h1> <hr> <div data-v-2c863f0e><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-2c863f0e><span data-v-2c863f0e>JyLie</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-2c863f0e><span data-v-2c863f0e>2021-07-01</span></i> <!----> <i class="iconfont reco-tag tags" data-v-2c863f0e><span class="tag-item" data-v-2c863f0e>mysql</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default" style="display:none;"><blockquote><p>持续更新...</p></blockquote> <h1 id="事前陈述"><a href="#事前陈述" class="header-anchor">#</a> 事前陈述</h1> <p>-----关系数据库管理系统（MySQL Oracle SQL DB2）</p> <p>所有关系数据管理系统都使用结构化查询语言（SQL--Structured Query Language)</p> <p>数据库：像是一个相关文件的集合（通俗理解）</p> <p>行----单独实体的数据--------------------记录
列----与该记录相关的数据------属性------字段</p> <h2 id="索引概述"><a href="#索引概述" class="header-anchor">#</a> 索引概述</h2> <h2 id="安装："><a href="#安装：" class="header-anchor">#</a> 安装：</h2> <ul><li>下载 - http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/</li> <li>安装 - windows：
<ul><li>http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/f3ad7d0ffc061a09c3345bf0.html</li></ul></li> <li>linux：
<ul><li>yum install mysql-server</li></ul></li> <li>mac：
<ul><li>一直点下一步</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="客户端操作"><a href="#客户端操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 客户端操作</h2> <h3 id="连接"><a href="#连接" class="header-anchor">#</a> 连接</h3> <ul><li>mysql 管理人默认为 root，没有设置密码则直接登录
<ul><li>mysql -h [hostname] -u root -p 不用输入密码按回车自动进入</li> <li>mysq -h [hostname] -u [usename] -p password [new_database_password]</li></ul></li></ul> <p>如果初始化没设置密码，现在想设置 mysql 密码：mysqladmin -u root password [new_database_password]</p> <h3 id="修改密码"><a href="#修改密码" class="header-anchor">#</a> 修改密码</h3> <ul><li>方法 1： 用 SET PASSWORD 命令</li></ul> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>首先登录 MySQL。
格式：mysql> set password for 用户名@localhost = password(‘新密码’);
例子：mysql> set password for root@localhost = password(‘123’);
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><ul><li>方法 2：用 mysqladmin</li></ul> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>格式：mysqladmin -u [username] -p [old_database_password] password [new_database_password]
例子：mysqladmin -uroot -proot password 123456
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><ul><li>方法 3：用 UPDATE 直接编辑 user 表</li></ul> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>首先登录 MySQL。
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=password([new_database_password]) where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>根据修改密码的方法，在忘记 root 密码的时候可以以下操作：</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>以 windows 为例：
关闭正在运行的 MySQL 服务。
打开 DOS 窗口，转到 mysql\bin 目录。
输入 mysqld --skip-grant-tables 回车。–skip-grant-tables 的意思是启动 MySQL 服务的时候跳过权限表认证。
再开一个 DOS 窗口（因为刚才那个 DOS 窗口已经不能动了），转到 mysql\bin 目录。
输入 mysql 回车，如果成功，将出现 MySQL 提示符 >
连接权限数据库： use mysql;
改密码：update user set password=password([new_database_password]) where user=[username];（别忘了最后加分号）
刷新权限（必须步骤）：flush privileges;
退出 quit。
注销系统，再进入，使用用户名 root 和刚才设置的新密码 [new_database_password] 登录。
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><h3 id="退出"><a href="#退出" class="header-anchor">#</a> 退出</h3> <p>QUIT 或 EXIT 或按 Ctrl+D</p> <h2 id="创建库："><a href="#创建库：" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建库：</h2> <div class="language-mysql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>CREATE DATABASE [database_name]；
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h2 id="按照编码创建数据库"><a href="#按照编码创建数据库" class="header-anchor">#</a> 按照编码创建数据库</h2> <h3 id="utf-8"><a href="#utf-8" class="header-anchor">#</a> utf-8</h3> <p>CREATE DATABASE 数据库名称 DEFAULT CHARSET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;</p> <h3 id="gbk"><a href="#gbk" class="header-anchor">#</a> gbk</h3> <p>CREATE DATABASE 数据库名称 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;</p> <p>登录 mysql 之后创建新用户 root1
SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('root');
GRANT ALL ON firstdb.* to root1@localhost INDENTIFED BY 'root';</p> <h2 id="curd"><a href="#curd" class="header-anchor">#</a> CURD</h2> <h3 id="查看数据库："><a href="#查看数据库：" class="header-anchor">#</a> 查看数据库：</h3> <div class="language-mysql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>SHOW DATABASES;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="打开数据库"><a href="#打开数据库" class="header-anchor">#</a> 打开数据库</h3> <div class="language-mysql line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>USE [database_name];
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>注：每次使用数据库必须打开相应数据库</p> <h3 id="查看表"><a href="#查看表" class="header-anchor">#</a> 查看表</h3> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>SHOW TABLES;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="查看表结构"><a href="#查看表结构" class="header-anchor">#</a> 查看表结构</h3> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>DESCRIBE [table_name]；
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="插入语句-intert（values、set）"><a href="#插入语句-intert（values、set）" class="header-anchor">#</a> 插入语句 INTERT（VALUES、SET）</h3> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>INSERT INTO sales_rep(employee_number,surname,first_name,commission)VALUES(1,'Mik','Sol',12);
INSERT INTO sales_rep VALUES(1,'Mik','Sol',12);
INSERT INTO sales_rep (employee_number,surname,first_name,commission) VALUES(1,'Mik','Sol',12),(12,'Mik2','Sol2',11),(13,'Mik3','Sol3',13);
INSERT sales_rep SET user='Stephen',password='123456'
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>大量插入数据（LOAD DATA）：
LOAD DATA INFILE 'sales_rep.sql' INTO TABLE 'sales_rep';
---->文本中每条记录占一行</p> <p>数据处理语言的四个标准语句（DML 语句：增删改查）</p> <p>检索信息：（注意优先等级，OR \AND 适当用到括号）：```
SELECT * FROM sales_rep WHERE surname='Rive' AND first_name='Sol' OR commission>10;</p> <p>SELECT * FROM sales_rep WHERE surname='Rive' AND (first_name='Sol' OR commission>10);</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>模糊查询：模式匹配（LIKE 和%）```
SELECT \* FROM sales_rep WHERE surname LIKE 'Ser%';
SELECT \* FROM sales_rep WHRER surname LIKE '%e\$';
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>分类（ORDER BY）</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>SELECT \* FROM sales_rep ORDER BY commission DESC,surname ASC, first_name ASC;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>限制结果的数量（LIMIT 后面两个数（LIMIT 【偏移量】 【 行数】））</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>
SELECT first_name,surname,commission FROM sales_rep ORDER BY DESC LIMIT 1,1;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>mysql 常用函数：</p> <ul><li>MAX(字段)------返回字段最大值 SELECT MAX(commission) FROM sales_rep;</li> <li>AVG(字段)------返回字段平均数 SELECT AVG(commission) FROM sales_rep;</li> <li>MIN(字段)------返回字段最小值 SELECT MIN(commission) FROM sales_rep;</li> <li>SUM(字段)------返回字段 总和 SELECT SUM(commission) FROM sales_rep;</li></ul> <p>允许在查询中执行计算----select 1+1--------结果为 2，也可以这样使用</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>SELECT surname,first_name,commission+1 FROM sales_rep;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>删除记录</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>DELETE FROM sales_rep WHERE employee_numbber='5';
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>更新记录</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>UPDATA sales_rep SET commission=12 WHRER employee_numbber=1;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>数据结构的处理语句（DDL【Data Definition Languages】：<code>CREATE\DROP\ALTER\）</code>
创建（CREATE)
创建表<code>CREATE TABLE commission(id INT);</code>
创建数据库<code>CREATE DATABASE abortlived;</code></p> <p>删除（DROP）
删除表```
DROP TABLE commission;</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>删除数据库```
DROP DATABASE abortlived;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>改变表结构（字段---AlTER）
添加列（关键字--ADD）</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>ALTER TABLE sales_rep ADD data_joined DATE; ----DATA 是一个列类型，格式（YYYY-MM-DD）
ALTER TABLE sales_rep ADD year_born YEAR; -----YEAR
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>1、修改字段名和字段的定义（关键字--CHANGE）</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>ALTER TABLE sales_rep CHANGE year_born birthday DATA NOT NULL;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>2、修改字段的定义（关键字--MODIFY）</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>AlTER TABLE `jy_blog_articles` MODIFY `views` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '文章浏览量',MODIFY `stat` int(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '文章状态。0：删除；1：发布状态；2：审核状态';
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>为表重新命名```
ALTER TABLE <code>user1</code> RENAME <code>user2</code>；
RENAME TABLE <code>user1</code> TO <code>user2</code>；</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>
```
```
```
```
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div></div> <footer class="page-edit" style="display:none;"><!----> <!----></footer> <!----> <!----></main> <!----></div></div></div></div><div class="global-ui"><div class="back-to-ceiling" style="right:1rem;bottom:6rem;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border-radius:.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;display:none;" data-v-a936bdb4 data-v-a936bdb4><svg t="1574745035067" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5404" class="icon" data-v-a936bdb4><path d="M526.60727968 10.90185116a27.675 27.675 0 0 0-29.21455937 0c-131.36607665 82.28402758-218.69155461 228.01873535-218.69155402 394.07834331a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959153 69.94390903c1.00431239 6.55289093-0.34802892 13.13561351-3.76865779 18.80351572-32.63518765 54.11355614-51.75690182 118.55860487-51.7569018 187.94566865a371.06718723 371.06718723 0 0 0 11.50484808 91.98906777c6.53300375 25.50556257 41.68394495 28.14064038 52.69160883 4.22606766 17.37162448-37.73630017 42.14135425-72.50938081 72.80769204-103.21549295 2.18761121 3.04276886 4.15646224 6.24463696 6.40373557 9.22774369a1871.4375 1871.4375 0 0 0 140.04691725 5.34970492 1866.36093723 1866.36093723 0 0 0 140.04691723-5.34970492c2.24727335-2.98310674 4.21612437-6.18497483 6.3937923-9.2178004 30.66633723 30.70611158 55.4360664 65.4791928 72.80769147 103.21549355 11.00766384 23.91457269 46.15860503 21.27949489 52.69160879-4.22606768a371.15156223 371.15156223 0 0 0 11.514792-91.99901164c0-69.36717486-19.13165746-133.82216804-51.75690182-187.92578088-3.42062944-5.66790279-4.76302748-12.26056868-3.76865837-18.80351632a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959269-69.943909c-0.00994388-166.08943902-87.32547796-311.81420293-218.6915546-394.09823051zM605.93803103 357.87693858a93.93749974 93.93749974 0 1 1-187.89594924 6.1e-7 93.93749974 93.93749974 0 0 1 187.89594924-6.1e-7z" p-id="5405" data-v-a936bdb4></path><path d="M429.50777625 765.63860547C429.50777625 803.39355007 466.44236686 1000.39046097 512.00932183 1000.39046097c45.56695499 0 82.4922232-197.00623328 82.5015456-234.7518555 0-37.75494459-36.9345906-68.35043303-82.4922232-68.34111062-45.57627738-0.00932239-82.52019037 30.59548842-82.51086798 68.34111062z" p-id="5406" data-v-a936bdb4></path></svg></div><div id="live2d-widget" class="live2d-widget-container" style="position:fixed;right:65px;bottom:0px;width:130px;height:290px;z-index:99999;opacity:0.8;pointer-events:none;"><canvas id="live2d_canvas" width="130" height="290" class="live2d_canvas" style="position:absolute;left:0px;top:0px;width:130px;height:290px;"></canvas></div></div></div>
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