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C-Eval is a comprehensive Chinese evaluation suite for foundation models. It consists of 13948 multi-choice questions spanning 52 diverse disciplines and four difficulty levels, as shown below. Please visit our website or check our paper for more details.

We hope C-Eval could help developers track the progress and analyze the important strengths/shortcomings of their models.

📝 Why C-Eval? How did we build it? (in Chinese)

Table of Contents

• Leaderboard
• C-Eval Hard Leaderboard
• Results On Validation Split
• Data
• How to Submit
• TODO
• Licenses
• Citation

Leaderboard

Below are 5-shot accuracies from the models that we evaluate in the initial release, please visit our official Leaderboard for up-to-date models and their detailed results on each subject.

Model	STEM	Social Science	Humanities	Other	Average
GPT-4	67.1	77.6	64.5	67.8	68.7
ChatGPT	52.9	61.8	50.9	53.6	54.4
Claude-v1.3	51.9	61.7	52.1	53.7	54.2
Claude-instant-v1.0	43.1	53.8	44.2	45.4	45.9
GLM-130B	34.8	48.7	43.3	39.8	40.3
Bloomz-mt	35.3	45.1	40.5	38.5	39.0
LLaMA-65B	37.8	45.6	36.1	37.1	38.8
ChatGLM-6B	30.4	39.6	37.4	34.5	34.5
Chinese LLaMA-13B	31.6	37.2	33.6	32.8	33.3
MOSS	28.6	36.8	31.0	30.3	31.1
Chinese Alpaca-13B	26.0	27.2	27.8	26.4	26.7

C-Eval Hard Leaderboard

We select 8 challenging math, physics, and chemistry subjects from C-Eval to form a separate benchmark, C-Eval Hard, which includes advanced mathematics, discrete mathematics, probability and statistics, college chemistry, college physics, high school mathematics, high school chemistry, and high school physics. These subjects often involve with complex LaTeX equations and require non-trivial reasoning abilities to solve. 5-shot accuracies are shown below.

Model	Accuracy
GPT-4	54.9
ChatGPT	41.4
Claude-v1.3	39.0
Claude-instant-v1.0	35.5
LLaMA-65B	31.7
Bloomz-mt	30.4
GLM-130B	30.3
Chinese LLaMA-13B	27.3
Chinese Alpaca-13B	27.1
MOSS	24.0
ChatGLM-6B	23.1

Results On Validation Split

Since we do not publicly release the labels for our test split, we provide the 5-shot average accuracy on the validation split as a reference for developers. The validation split comprises a total of 1346 questions. We report the average answer-only accuracy across all subjects in table below. The average validation accuracy closely mirrors the average test accuracy as presented in Leaderboard.

Model	Average
GPT-4	69.9
Claude-v1.3	55.5
ChatGPT	53.5
Claude-instant-v1.0	47.4
GLM-130B	40.8
LLaMA-65B	39.8
Bloomz-mt	38.0
ChatGLM-6B	37.1
Chinese-LLaMA-13B	33.1
MOSS	28.9
Chinese-Alpaca-13B	27.2

Data

Download

• Method 1: Download from Onedrive, the data is stored in the csv format and using utf-8 encoding. Then the data may be loaded with pandas:

  import os
  import pandas as pd
  
  File_Dir="data"
  test_df=pd.read_csv(os.path.join(File_Dir,"test","advanced_mathematics_test.csv"))

• Method 2: Directly load the dataset using huggingface datasets:

  from datasets import load_dataset
  dataset=load_dataset(r"ceval/ceval-exam",name="advanced_mathematics")

Notes

To facilitate usage, we have organized the subject name handlers and English/Chinese names corresponding to 52 subjects. Please refer to subject_mapping.json for details. The format is:

# the dict key is the subject handler, and the dict value is (English name, Chinese name, category) tuple 
{
    "computer_network": [
        "Computer Network",
        "计算机网络",
        "STEM"
    ],
    ...
    "filename":[
        "English Name",
        "Chinese Name"
        "Supercatagory Label(STEM, Social Science, Humanities or Other)"
    ]
}

Each subject consists of three splits: dev, val, and test. The dev set per subject consists of five exemplars with explanations for few-shot evaluation. The val set is intended to be used for hyperparameter tuning. And the test set is for model evaluation. Labels on the test split are not released, users are required to submit their results to automatically obtain test accuracy. How to submit?

Below is a dev example from computer network:

id: 1
question: 25 °C时，将pH=2的强酸溶液与pH=13的强碱溶液混合，所得混合液的pH=11，则强酸溶液与强碱溶液 的体积比是(忽略混合后溶液的体积变化)____
A: 11:1
B: 9:1
C: 1:11
D: 1:9
answer: B
explantion: 
1. pH=13的强碱溶液中c(OH-)=0.1mol/L, pH=2的强酸溶液中c(H+)=0.01mol/L，酸碱混合后pH=11，即c(OH-)=0.001mol/L。
2. 设强酸和强碱溶液的体积分别为x和y，则：c(OH-)=(0.1y-0.01x)/(x+y)=0.001，解得x:y=9:1。

How to Submit

You need to first prepare a UTF-8 encoded JSON file with the following format, please refer to submission_example.json for details.

## key within each subject is the "id" field from the dataset
{
    "chinese_language_and_literature": {
        "0": "A",
        "1": "B",
        "2": "B",
        ...
    },
    
    "subject_name":{
    "0":"ans_1",
    "1":"ans_2",
    ...
    }
    ....
}

Then you can submit the prepared json file here, note that you need to first log in to access the submission page.

TODO

• add zero-shot results

Licenses

This work is licensed under a MIT License.

The C-Eval dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation

Please cite our paper if you use our dataset.

@article{huang2023ceval,
title={C-Eval: A Multi-Level Multi-Discipline Chinese Evaluation Suite for Foundation Models}, 
author={Huang, Yuzhen and Bai, Yuzhuo and Zhu, Zhihao and Zhang, Junlei and Zhang, Jinghan and Su, Tangjun and Liu, Junteng and Lv, Chuancheng and Zhang, Yikai and Lei, Jiayi and Fu, Yao and Sun, Maosong and He, Junxian},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.08322},
year={2023}
}