This Vagrantfile and associated Nomad configuration files are meant to be used along with the getting started guide.
Follow along with the guide, or just start the Vagrant box with:
$ vagrant up
Once it is finished, you should be able to SSH in and interact with Nomad:
$ vagrant ssh
...
$ nomad
usage: nomad [--version] [--help] <command> [<args>]
Available commands are:
agent Runs a Nomad agent
agent-info Display status information about the local agent
...
To learn more about starting Nomad see the official site.