[11.x] Add InteractsWithInput methods to ValidatedInput (#51316)

* feat: Add `exists` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `hasAny` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `whenHas` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `filled` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `isNotFilled` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `anyFilled` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `whenFilled` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `whenMissing` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `isEmptyString` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `keys` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `input` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `string` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `str` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `boolean` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `integer` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `float` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `date` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `enum` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `dump` method to `ValidatedInput`

* feat: Add `dd` method to `ValidatedInput`

* refactor: Add `$key` prop to `collect` method in `ValidatedInput`

* refactor: Change usages `$this->input` to `$this->all()`

* refactor: Change usages `$this->input[$key]` to `$this->input($key)`

* refactor: Change usages `isset($this->input[$name])` to `$this->exists($name)`

* test: Added tests

* formatting

* formatting

* formatting

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Co-authored-by: Fatih Aydın <fatihaydin@temizlikyolda.com>
Co-authored-by: Taylor Otwell <taylor@laravel.com>

Author: 3 people