types.go

/*
Copyright 2023 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package knftables

import (
	"io"
	"time"
)

const (
	// Maximum length of a table, chain, set, etc, name
	NameLengthMax = 256

	// Maximum length of a comment
	CommentLengthMax = 128
)

// Object is the interface for an nftables object. All of the concrete object types
// implement this interface.
type Object interface {
	// validate validates an object for an operation
	validate(verb verb) error

	// writeOperation writes out an "nft" operation involving the object. It assumes
	// that the object has been validated.
	writeOperation(verb verb, ctx *nftContext, writer io.Writer)

	// parse is the opposite of writeOperation; it fills Object fields based on an "nft add"
	// command. line is the part of the line after "nft add <type> <family> <tablename>"
	// (so for most types it starts with the object name).
	// If error is returned, Object's fields may be partially filled, therefore Object should not be used.
	parse(line string) error
}

// Family is an nftables family
type Family string

const (
	// IPv4Family represents the "ip" nftables family, for IPv4 rules.
	IPv4Family Family = "ip"

	// IPv6Family represents the "ip6" nftables family, for IPv6 rules.
	IPv6Family Family = "ip6"

	// InetFamily represents the "inet" nftables family, for mixed IPv4 and IPv6 rules.
	InetFamily Family = "inet"

	// ARPFamily represents the "arp" nftables family, for ARP rules.
	ARPFamily Family = "arp"

	// BridgeFamily represents the "bridge" nftables family, for rules operating
	// on packets traversing a bridge.
	BridgeFamily Family = "bridge"

	// NetDevFamily represents the "netdev" nftables family, for rules operating on
	// the device ingress/egress path.
	NetDevFamily Family = "netdev"
)

// TableFlag represents a table flag
type TableFlag string

const (
	// DormantFlag indicates that a table is not currently evaluated. (Its base chains
	// are unregistered.)
	DormantFlag TableFlag = "dormant"
)

// Table represents an nftables table.
type Table struct {
	// Comment is an optional comment for the table. (Requires kernel >= 5.10 and
	// nft >= 0.9.7; otherwise this field will be silently ignored. Requires
	// nft >= 1.0.8 to include comments in List() results.)
	Comment *string

	// Flags are the table flags
	Flags []TableFlag

	// Handle is an identifier that can be used to uniquely identify an object when
	// deleting it. When adding a new object, this must be nil.
	Handle *int
}

// BaseChainType represents the "type" of a "base chain" (ie, a chain that is attached to a hook).
// See https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Configuring_chains#Base_chain_types
type BaseChainType string

const (
	// FilterType is the chain type for basic packet filtering.
	FilterType BaseChainType = "filter"

	// NATType is the chain type for doing DNAT, SNAT, and masquerading.
	// NAT operations are only available from certain hooks.
	NATType BaseChainType = "nat"

	// RouteType is the chain type for rules that change the routing of packets.
	// Chains of this type can only be added to the "output" hook.
	RouteType BaseChainType = "route"
)

// BaseChainHook represents the "hook" that a base chain is attached to.
// See https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Configuring_chains#Base_chain_hooks
// and https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Netfilter_hooks
type BaseChainHook string

const (
	// PreroutingHook is the "prerouting" stage of packet processing, which is the
	// first stage (after "ingress") for inbound ("input path" and "forward path")
	// packets.
	PreroutingHook BaseChainHook = "prerouting"

	// InputHook is the "input" stage of packet processing, which happens after
	// "prerouting" for inbound packets being delivered to an interface on this host,
	// in this network namespace.
	InputHook BaseChainHook = "input"

	// ForwardHook is the "forward" stage of packet processing, which happens after
	// "prerouting" for inbound packets destined for a non-local IP (i.e. on another
	// host or in another network namespace)
	ForwardHook BaseChainHook = "forward"

	// OutputHook is the "output" stage of packet processing, which is the first stage
	// for outbound packets, regardless of their final destination.
	OutputHook BaseChainHook = "output"

	// PostroutingHook is the "postrouting" stage of packet processing, which is the
	// final stage (before "egress") for outbound ("forward path" and "output path")
	// packets.
	PostroutingHook BaseChainHook = "postrouting"

	// IngressHook is the "ingress" stage of packet processing, in the "netdev" family
	// or (with kernel >= 5.10 and nft >= 0.9.7) the "inet" family.
	IngressHook BaseChainHook = "ingress"

	// EgressHook is the "egress" stage of packet processing, in the "netdev" family
	// (with kernel >= 5.16 and nft >= 1.0.1).
	EgressHook BaseChainHook = "egress"
)

// BaseChainPriority represents the "priority" of a base chain. Lower values run earlier.
// See https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Configuring_chains#Base_chain_priority
// and https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Netfilter_hooks#Priority_within_hook
//
// In addition to the const values, you can also use a signed integer value, or an
// arithmetic expression consisting of a const value followed by "+" or "-" and an
// integer.
type BaseChainPriority string

const (
	// RawPriority is the earliest named priority. In particular, it can be used for
	// rules that need to run before conntrack. It is equivalent to the value -300 and
	// can be used in the ip, ip6, and inet families.
	RawPriority BaseChainPriority = "raw"

	// ManglePriority is the standard priority for packet-rewriting operations. It is
	// equivalent to the value -150 and can be used in the ip, ip6, and inet families.
	ManglePriority BaseChainPriority = "mangle"

	// DNATPriority is the standard priority for DNAT operations. In the ip, ip6, and
	// inet families, it is equivalent to the value -100. In the bridge family it is
	// equivalent to the value -300. In both cases it can only be used from the
	// prerouting hook.
	DNATPriority BaseChainPriority = "dstnat"

	// FilterPriority is the standard priority for filtering operations. In the ip,
	// ip6, inet, arp, and netdev families, it is equivalent to the value 0. In the
	// bridge family it is equivalent to the value -200.
	FilterPriority BaseChainPriority = "filter"

	// OutPriority is FIXME. It is equivalent to the value 300 and can only be used in
	// the bridge family.
	OutPriority BaseChainPriority = "out"

	// SecurityPriority is the standard priority for security operations ("where
	// secmark can be set for example"). It is equivalent to the value 50 and can be
	// used in the ip, ip6, and inet families.
	SecurityPriority BaseChainPriority = "security"

	// SNATPriority is the standard priority for SNAT operations. In the ip, ip6, and
	// inet families, it is equivalent to the value 100. In the bridge family it is
	// equivalent to the value 300. In both cases it can only be used from the
	// postrouting hook.
	SNATPriority BaseChainPriority = "srcnat"
)

// BaseChainPolicy sets what happens to packets not explicitly accepted or refused by a
// base chain.
type BaseChainPolicy string

const (
	// AcceptPolicy, which is the default, accepts any unmatched packets (though,
	// as with any other nftables chain, a later chain can drop or reject it).
	AcceptPolicy BaseChainPolicy = "accept"

	// DropPolicy drops any unmatched packets.
	DropPolicy BaseChainPolicy = "drop"
)

// Chain represents an nftables chain; either a "base chain" (if Type, Hook, and Priority
// are specified), or a "regular chain" (if they are not).
type Chain struct {
	// Name is the name of the chain.
	Name string

	// Type is the chain type; this must be set for a base chain and unset for a
	// regular chain.
	Type *BaseChainType
	// Hook is the hook that the chain is connected to; this must be set for a base
	// chain and unset for a regular chain.
	Hook *BaseChainHook
	// Priority is the chain priority; this must be set for a base chain and unset for
	// a regular chain. You can call ParsePriority() to convert this to a number.
	Priority *BaseChainPriority

	// Policy is the policy for packets not explicitly accepted or refused by a base
	// chain.
	Policy *BaseChainPolicy

	// Device is the network interface that the chain is attached to; this must be set
	// for a base chain connected to the "ingress" or "egress" hooks, and unset for
	// all other chains.
	Device *string

	// Comment is an optional comment for the object.  (Requires kernel >= 5.10 and
	// nft >= 0.9.7; otherwise this field will be silently ignored. Requires
	// nft >= 1.0.8 to include comments in List() results.)
	Comment *string

	// Handle is an identifier that can be used to uniquely identify an object when
	// deleting it. When adding a new object, this must be nil
	Handle *int
}

// Rule represents a rule in a chain
type Rule struct {
	// Chain is the name of the chain that contains this rule
	Chain string

	// Rule is the rule in standard nftables syntax. (Should be empty on Delete, but
	// is ignored if not.) Note that this does not include any rule comment, which is
	// separate from the rule itself.
	Rule string

	// Comment is an optional comment for the rule.
	Comment *string

	// Index is the number of a rule (counting from 0) to Add this Rule after or
	// Insert it before. Cannot be specified along with Handle. If neither Index
	// nor Handle is specified then Add appends the rule the end of the chain and
	// Insert prepends it to the beginning.
	Index *int

	// Handle is a rule handle. In Add or Insert, if set, this is the handle of
	// existing rule to put the new rule after/before. In Delete or Replace, this
	// indicates the existing rule to delete/replace, and is mandatory. In the result
	// of a List, this will indicate the rule's handle that can then be used in a
	// later operation.
	Handle *int
}

// SetFlag represents a set or map flag
type SetFlag string

const (
	// ConstantFlag is a flag indicating that the set/map is constant. FIXME UNDOCUMENTED
	ConstantFlag SetFlag = "constant"

	// DynamicFlag is a flag indicating that the set contains stateful objects
	// (counters, quotas, or limits) that will be dynamically updated.
	DynamicFlag SetFlag = "dynamic"

	// IntervalFlag is a flag indicating that the set contains either CIDR elements or
	// IP ranges.
	IntervalFlag SetFlag = "interval"

	// TimeoutFlag is a flag indicating that the set/map has a timeout after which
	// dynamically added elements will be removed. (It is set automatically if the
	// set/map has a Timeout.)
	TimeoutFlag SetFlag = "timeout"
)

// SetPolicy represents a set or map storage policy
type SetPolicy string

const (
	// PolicyPerformance FIXME
	PerformancePolicy SetPolicy = "performance"

	// PolicyMemory FIXME
	MemoryPolicy SetPolicy = "memory"
)

// Set represents the definition of an nftables set (but not its elements)
type Set struct {
	// Name is the name of the set.
	Name string

	// Type is the type of the set key (eg "ipv4_addr"). Either Type or TypeOf, but
	// not both, must be non-empty.
	Type string

	// TypeOf is the type of the set key as an nftables expression (eg "ip saddr").
	// Either Type or TypeOf, but not both, must be non-empty. (Requires at least nft
	// 0.9.4, and newer than that for some types.)
	TypeOf string

	// Flags are the set flags
	Flags []SetFlag

	// Timeout is the time that an element will stay in the set before being removed.
	// (Optional; mandatory for sets that will be added to from the packet path)
	Timeout *time.Duration

	// GCInterval is the interval at which timed-out elements will be removed from the
	// set. (Optional; FIXME DEFAULT)
	GCInterval *time.Duration

	// Size if the maximum numer of elements in the set.
	// (Optional; mandatory for sets that will be added to from the packet path)
	Size *uint64

	// Policy is the FIXME
	Policy *SetPolicy

	// AutoMerge indicates that adjacent/overlapping set elements should be merged
	// together (only for interval sets)
	AutoMerge *bool

	// Comment is an optional comment for the object.  (Requires kernel >= 5.10 and
	// nft >= 0.9.7; otherwise this field will be silently ignored.)
	Comment *string

	// Handle is an identifier that can be used to uniquely identify an object when
	// deleting it. When adding a new object, this must be nil
	Handle *int
}

// Map represents the definition of an nftables map (but not its elements)
type Map struct {
	// Name is the name of the map.
	Name string

	// Type is the type of the map key and value (eg "ipv4_addr : verdict"). Either
	// Type or TypeOf, but not both, must be non-empty.
	Type string

	// TypeOf is the type of the set key as an nftables expression (eg "ip saddr : verdict").
	// Either Type or TypeOf, but not both, must be non-empty. (Requires at least nft 0.9.4,
	// and newer than that for some types.)
	TypeOf string

	// Flags are the map flags
	Flags []SetFlag

	// Timeout is the time that an element will stay in the set before being removed.
	// (Optional; mandatory for sets that will be added to from the packet path)
	Timeout *time.Duration

	// GCInterval is the interval at which timed-out elements will be removed from the
	// set. (Optional; FIXME DEFAULT)
	GCInterval *time.Duration

	// Size if the maximum numer of elements in the set.
	// (Optional; mandatory for sets that will be added to from the packet path)
	Size *uint64

	// Policy is the FIXME
	Policy *SetPolicy

	// Comment is an optional comment for the object.  (Requires kernel >= 5.10 and
	// nft >= 0.9.7; otherwise this field will be silently ignored.)
	Comment *string

	// Handle is an identifier that can be used to uniquely identify an object when
	// deleting it. When adding a new object, this must be nil
	Handle *int
}

// Element represents a set or map element
type Element struct {
	// Set is the name of the set that contains this element (or the empty string if
	// this is a map element.)
	Set string

	// Map is the name of the map that contains this element (or the empty string if
	// this is a set element.)
	Map string

	// Key is the element key. (The list contains a single element for "simple" keys,
	// or multiple elements for concatenations.)
	Key []string

	// Value is the map element value. As with Key, this may be a single value or
	// multiple. For set elements, this must be nil.
	Value []string

	// Comment is an optional comment for the element
	Comment *string
}

type FlowtableIngressPriority string

const (
	// FilterIngressPriority is the priority for the filter value in the Ingress hook
	// that stands for 0.
	FilterIngressPriority FlowtableIngressPriority = "filter"
)

// Flowtable represents an nftables flowtable.
// https://wiki.nftables.org/wiki-nftables/index.php/Flowtables
type Flowtable struct {
	// Name is the name of the flowtable.
	Name string

	// The Priority can be a signed integer or FlowtableIngressPriority which stands for 0.
	// Addition and subtraction can be used to set relative priority, e.g. filter + 5 equals to 5.
	Priority *FlowtableIngressPriority

	// The Devices are specified as iifname(s) of the input interface(s) of the traffic
	// that should be offloaded.
	Devices []string

	// Handle is an identifier that can be used to uniquely identify an object when
	// deleting it. When adding a new object, this must be nil
	Handle *int
}