Added tasks 230-300

Author: javadev

README.md

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+<?php
+
+namespace leetcode\g0201_0300\s0230_kth_smallest_element_in_a_bst;
+
+// #Medium #Top_100_Liked_Questions #Top_Interview_Questions #Depth_First_Search #Tree #Binary_Tree
+// #Binary_Search_Tree #Data_Structure_II_Day_17_Tree #Level_2_Day_9_Binary_Search_Tree
+// #Big_O_Time_O(n)_Space_O(n) #2023_12_23_Time_11_ms_(75.00%)_Space_22_MB_(96.88%)
+
+/**
+ * Definition for a binary tree node.
+ * class TreeNode {
+ *     public $val = null;
+ *     public $left = null;
+ *     public $right = null;
+ *     function __construct($val = 0, $left = null, $right = null) {
+ *         $this->val = $val;
+ *         $this->left = $left;
+ *         $this->right = $right;
+ *     }
+ * }
+ */
+class Solution {
+    private $k;
+    private $count = 0;
+    private $val;
+
+    /**
+     * @param TreeNode $root
+     * @param Integer $k
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    public function kthSmallest($root, $k) {
+        $this->k = $k;
+        $this->calculate($root);
+        return $this->val;
+    }
+
+    private function calculate($node) {
+        if ($node->left == null && $node->right == null) {
+            $this->count++;
+            if ($this->count == $this->k) {
+                $this->val = $node->val;
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if ($node->left != null) {
+            $this->calculate($node->left);
+        }
+        $this->count++;
+        if ($this->count == $this->k) {
+            $this->val = $node->val;
+            return;
+        }
+        if ($node->right != null) {
+            $this->calculate($node->right);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0230_kth_smallest_element_in_a_bst/Solution.php

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+230\. Kth Smallest Element in a BST
+
+Medium
+
+Given the `root` of a binary search tree, and an integer `k`, return _the_ <code>k<sup>th</sup></code> _smallest value (**1-indexed**) of all the values of the nodes in the tree_.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/01/28/kthtree1.jpg)
+
+**Input:** root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1
+
+**Output:** 1 
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/01/28/kthtree2.jpg)
+
+**Input:** root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3
+
+**Output:** 3 
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+*   The number of nodes in the tree is `n`.
+*   <code>1 <= k <= n <= 10<sup>4</sup></code>
+*   <code>0 <= Node.val <= 10<sup>4</sup></code>
+
+**Follow up:** If the BST is modified often (i.e., we can do insert and delete operations) and you need to find the kth smallest frequently, how would you optimize?

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0230_kth_smallest_element_in_a_bst/readme.md

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+<?php
+
+namespace leetcode\g0201_0300\s0234_palindrome_linked_list;
+
+// #Easy #Top_100_Liked_Questions #Top_Interview_Questions #Two_Pointers #Stack #Linked_List
+// #Recursion #Level_2_Day_3_Linked_List #Udemy_Linked_List #Big_O_Time_O(n)_Space_O(1)
+// #2023_12_23_Time_123_ms_(95.45%)_Space_50.6_MB_(75.00%)
+
+/**
+ * Definition for a singly-linked list.
+ * class ListNode {
+ *     public $val = 0;
+ *     public $next = null;
+ *     function __construct($val = 0, $next = null) {
+ *         $this->val = $val;
+ *         $this->next = $next;
+ *     }
+ * }
+ */
+class Solution {
+    /**
+     * @param ListNode $head
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    public function isPalindrome($head) {
+        $array = [];
+        while ($head) {
+            $array[] = $head->val;
+            $head = $head->next;
+        }
+        $cnt = count($array);
+        for ($x = 0; $x < $cnt / 2; $x++) {
+            $yKey = $cnt - 1 - $x;
+
+            if ($array[$x] !== $array[$yKey]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0234_palindrome_linked_list/Solution.php

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+234\. Palindrome Linked List
+
+Easy
+
+Given the `head` of a singly linked list, return `true` if it is a palindrome.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/03/03/pal1linked-list.jpg)
+
+**Input:** head = [1,2,2,1]
+
+**Output:** true 
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2021/03/03/pal2linked-list.jpg)
+
+**Input:** head = [1,2]
+
+**Output:** false 
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+*   The number of nodes in the list is in the range <code>[1, 10<sup>5</sup>]</code>.
+*   `0 <= Node.val <= 9`
+
+**Follow up:** Could you do it in `O(n)` time and `O(1)` space?

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0234_palindrome_linked_list/readme.md

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+<?php
+
+namespace leetcode\g0201_0300\s0236_lowest_common_ancestor_of_a_binary_tree;
+
+// #Medium #Top_100_Liked_Questions #Top_Interview_Questions #Depth_First_Search #Tree #Binary_Tree
+// #Data_Structure_II_Day_18_Tree #Udemy_Tree_Stack_Queue #Big_O_Time_O(n)_Space_O(n)
+// #2023_12_23_Time_14_ms_(85.71%)_Space_26.1_MB_(57.14%)
+
+/**
+ * Definition for a binary tree node.
+ * class TreeNode {
+ *     public $val = null;
+ *     public $left = null;
+ *     public $right = null;
+ *     function __construct($value) { $this->val = $value; }
+ * }
+ */
+class Solution {
+    /**
+     * @param TreeNode $root
+     * @param TreeNode $p
+     * @param TreeNode $q
+     * @return TreeNode
+     */
+    public function lowestCommonAncestor($root, $p, $q) {
+        if ($root == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if ($root->val == $p->val || $root->val == $q->val) {
+            return $root;
+        }
+        $left = $this->lowestCommonAncestor($root->left, $p, $q);
+        $right = $this->lowestCommonAncestor($root->right, $p, $q);
+        if ($left != null && $right != null) {
+            return $root;
+        }
+        if ($left != null) {
+            return $left;
+        }
+        return $right;
+    }
+}

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0236_lowest_common_ancestor_of_a_binary_tree/Solution.php

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+236\. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree
+
+Medium
+
+Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.
+
+According to the [definition of LCA on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowest_common_ancestor): “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes `p` and `q` as the lowest node in `T` that has both `p` and `q` as descendants (where we allow **a node to be a descendant of itself**).”
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2018/12/14/binarytree.png)
+
+**Input:** root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 1
+
+**Output:** 3
+
+**Explanation:** The LCA of nodes 5 and 1 is 3. 
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+![](https://assets.leetcode.com/uploads/2018/12/14/binarytree.png)
+
+**Input:** root = [3,5,1,6,2,0,8,null,null,7,4], p = 5, q = 4
+
+**Output:** 5
+
+**Explanation:** The LCA of nodes 5 and 4 is 5, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition. 
+
+**Example 3:**
+
+**Input:** root = [1,2], p = 1, q = 2
+
+**Output:** 1 
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+*   The number of nodes in the tree is in the range <code>[2, 10<sup>5</sup>]</code>.
+*   <code>-10<sup>9</sup> <= Node.val <= 10<sup>9</sup></code>
+*   All `Node.val` are **unique**.
+*   `p != q`
+*   `p` and `q` will exist in the tree.

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0236_lowest_common_ancestor_of_a_binary_tree/readme.md

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+<?php
+
+namespace leetcode\g0201_0300\s0238_product_of_array_except_self;
+
+// #Medium #Top_100_Liked_Questions #Top_Interview_Questions #Array #Prefix_Sum
+// #Data_Structure_II_Day_5_Array #Udemy_Arrays #Big_O_Time_O(n^2)_Space_O(n)
+// #2023_12_23_Time_58_ms_(86.76%)_Space_29.8_MB_(100.00%)
+
+class Solution {
+    /**
+     * @param Integer[] $nums
+     * @return Integer[]
+     */
+    public function productExceptSelf($nums) {
+        $product = 1;
+        $ans = array_fill(0, count($nums), 0);
+        foreach ($nums as $num) {
+            $product = $product * $num;
+        }
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($nums); $i++) {
+            if ($nums[$i] != 0) {
+                $ans[$i] = $product / $nums[$i];
+            } else {
+                $p = 1;
+                for ($j = 0; $j < count($nums); $j++) {
+                    if ($j != $i) {
+                        $p = $p * $nums[$j];
+                    }
+                }
+                $ans[$i] = $p;
+            }
+        }
+        return $ans;
+    }
+}

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0238_product_of_array_except_self/Solution.php

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+238\. Product of Array Except Self
+
+Medium
+
+Given an integer array `nums`, return _an array_ `answer` _such that_ `answer[i]` _is equal to the product of all the elements of_ `nums` _except_ `nums[i]`.
+
+The product of any prefix or suffix of `nums` is **guaranteed** to fit in a **32-bit** integer.
+
+You must write an algorithm that runs in `O(n)` time and without using the division operation.
+
+**Example 1:**
+
+**Input:** nums = [1,2,3,4]
+
+**Output:** [24,12,8,6] 
+
+**Example 2:**
+
+**Input:** nums = [-1,1,0,-3,3]
+
+**Output:** [0,0,9,0,0] 
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+*   <code>2 <= nums.length <= 10<sup>5</sup></code>
+*   `-30 <= nums[i] <= 30`
+*   The product of any prefix or suffix of `nums` is **guaranteed** to fit in a **32-bit** integer.
+
+**Follow up:** Can you solve the problem in `O(1) `extra space complexity? (The output array **does not** count as extra space for space complexity analysis.)

src/main/php/g0201_0300/s0238_product_of_array_except_self/readme.md

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+<?php
+
+namespace leetcode\g0201_0300\s0239_sliding_window_maximum;
+
+// #Hard #Top_100_Liked_Questions #Top_Interview_Questions #Array #Heap_Priority_Queue
+// #Sliding_Window #Queue #Monotonic_Queue #Udemy_Arrays #Big_O_Time_O(n*k)_Space_O(n+k)
+// #2023_12_23_Time_518_ms_(100.00%)_Space_32.9_MB_(100.00%)
+
+class Solution {
+    /**
+     * @param Integer[] $nums
+     * @param Integer $k
+     * @return Integer[]
+     */
+    public function maxSlidingWindow($nums, $k) {
+        $n = count($nums);
+        $res = array_fill(0, $n - $k + 1, 0);
+        $x = 0;
+        $dq = new \SplDoublyLinkedList();
+        $i = 0;
+        $j = 0;
+        while ($j < count($nums)) {
+            while (!$dq->isEmpty() && $dq->top() < $nums[$j]) {
+                $dq->pop();
+            }
+            $dq->push($nums[$j]);
+            if ($j - $i + 1 == $k) {
+                $res[$x] = $dq->bottom();
+                ++$x;
+                if ($dq->bottom() == $nums[$i]) {
+                    $dq->shift();
+                }
+                ++$i;
+            }
+            ++$j;
+        }
+        return $res;
+    }
+}