SC2095

Use ssh -n to prevent ssh from swallowing stdin.

The same error applies to multiple commands, like ffmpeg -nostdin and mplayer -noconsolecontrols.

Problematic code:

while read -r host
do
  ssh "$host" "uptime"
done < hosts.txt

Correct code:

while read -r host
do
  ssh -n "$host" "uptime"
done < hosts.txt

or

while read -r host
do
  ssh "$host" <<'EOF'
uptime
EOF
done < hosts.txt

or

By using a pipe and avoiding the use of the stdin file descriptor, this ensures that commands in the loop are not interfered with.

exec 3< hosts.txt
while read -r host
do
  ssh "$host" "uptime"
done <&3
# Close the file descriptor
exec 3<&-

Rationale:

Commands that process stdin will compete with the read statement for input. This is especially tricky for commands you wouldn't expect reads from stdin, like ssh .. uptime, ffmpeg and mplayer.

The most common symptom of this is a while read loop only running once, even though the input contains many lines. This is because the rest of the lines are swallowed by the offending command.

To refuse such commands input, you can use a command specific option like ssh -n or ffmpeg -nostdin.

More generally, you can also redirect their stdin with < /dev/null. This works for all commands with this behavior.

Exceptions:

None.

Related resources:

• BashFaq: I'm reading a file line by line and running ssh or ffmpeg, only the first line gets processed!
• StackOverflow: Shell script while read line loop stops after the first line