From f6d5b0fd67975f1d8bf47474af53e7de525da071 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2021 12:43:13 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 01/39] spec: initial version --- .gitignore | 2 + CHANGELOG.md | 40 + README.md | 14 + dev.html | 183 ++++ dist/20210324/index.html | 1072 +++++++++++++++++++++++ dist/index.html | 1072 +++++++++++++++++++++++ publish.js | 50 ++ rendered.html | 1072 +++++++++++++++++++++++ resources/css/extras.css | 21 + resources/images/orcid_logo.png | Bin 0 -> 1871 bytes resources/images/structure.png | Bin 0 -> 23286 bytes resources/js/respec-w3c-common_5.0.4.js | 23 + section/abstract.md | 10 + section/examples.md | 542 ++++++++++++ section/overview.md | 24 + section/target-in-rml.md | 81 ++ 16 files changed, 4206 insertions(+) create mode 100644 .gitignore create mode 100644 CHANGELOG.md create mode 100644 README.md create mode 100644 dev.html create mode 100644 dist/20210324/index.html create mode 100644 dist/index.html create mode 100644 publish.js create mode 100644 rendered.html create mode 100644 resources/css/extras.css create mode 100644 resources/images/orcid_logo.png create mode 100644 resources/images/structure.png create mode 100644 resources/js/respec-w3c-common_5.0.4.js create mode 100644 section/abstract.md create mode 100644 section/examples.md create mode 100644 section/overview.md create mode 100644 section/target-in-rml.md diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0cc2124 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +*.iml +.idea/ diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..def7d45 --- /dev/null +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# Changelog +All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. + +The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/). + +## Unreleased + +## 2020-01-05 + +### Added + +- fno:uses description + +### Changed + +- General rewording and clarifications +- refactored the repo + +## 2020-06-24 + +### Added + +- Link to main publication: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.10.006 + +### Fixed + +- description of `fno:type` (https://github.com/FnOio/fnoio.github.io/issues/1) +- general introduction + +## 2019-05-29 + +### Added + +- ReturnMapping description + +### Changed + +- updated FnO Ontology to v0.6.0 + + diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ae2585 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +# The Function Ontology Specification + +Repository for https://w3id.org/function/spec + +## Quickstart + +- edit dev.html + - Makes sure all your local assets are in the `resources` folder, and the links in your dev.html file are relative (important because the publishing script creates multiple nested paths) +- run a HTTP server in this directory: `python3 -m http.server` +- open `dev.html` with a browser as http://localhost:8000/dev.html +- save as snapshot to function.html [using the respec functionality](https://respec.org/docs/#using-browser) +- run `node publish.js` to get the index.html + archived version in the `dist` folder + +The `dist` folder contents should mimic the contents on `https://w3id.org/function/spec` diff --git a/dev.html b/dev.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4e8df9a --- /dev/null +++ b/dev.html @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ + + + + Target in RML + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+

+ This is an early draft, + yet efforts are made to keep things stable. +

+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + + diff --git a/dist/20210324/index.html b/dist/20210324/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8414d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/dist/20210324/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@ + + + + + + + +Target in RML + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

Target in RML

+ +

+ Unofficial Draft + +

+
+ +
Latest editor's draft:
https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
+ + + + + +
Editors:
+
+ (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
+ (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
+ + +
This Version
+ https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ +
Previous Version
+ https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ +
Website
+ https://rml.io/target-in-rml +
+
+ + + +

+ This document is licensed under a + Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + (CC-BY). +

+
+
+

Abstract

This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [paper] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples.

The version of this document is v1.0.0.

+ +

Status of This Document

+ This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official + standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of + any standards organization. +

+

This is an early draft, +yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

+
+ +

1. Conformance

As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

+ The key word MAY in this document + is to be interpreted as described in + BCP 14 + [RFC2119] [RFC8174] + when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. +

+ +

2. Overview

This section is non-normative.

This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification.

In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
PrefixNamespace
rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
+ +

3. Target in RML

RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +Target vocabulary +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property +to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [RML]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [RDF-Concepts] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets.

+
+ Example 1: + 
<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source [ a csvw:Table;
+      csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv";
+      csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+        csvw:delimiter ";”;
+        csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+        csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+      rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
+        void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+      ];
+      rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+         rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
+           void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl>;
+         ];
+         rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+         rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+      ];
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will not export generated triples +which do not have a Target assigned.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
PropertyDomainRange
rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget
+ +

4. Examples

4.1 Subject Map

All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

+
+ Example 2: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt.gz>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.2 Predicate Map

All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

+
+ Example 3: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; 
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.3 Object Map

All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

+
+ Example 4: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.4 Graph Map

All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples +are exported to by the Target. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph.

The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:MyGraph +to an SPARQL [SPARQL] endpoint using SPARQL UPDATE:

+
+ Example 5: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+      rr:graphMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" 
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.5 Language Map

All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format:

+
+ Example 6: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rml:reference "language";
+      ]; 
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6 Combining multiple Targets

Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +Each triple is exported to all the Targets +specified in the triple's Term Maps.

4.6.1 Subject Map and Predicate Map

All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 7: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+      rr:constant foaf:name 
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6.2 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} are exported +to LogicalTarget1, all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to LogicalTarget2 and all triples containing the object "age" +are exported to LogicalTarget3.

+
+ Example 8: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+.
+
+<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ;
+  sd:endpoint  <http://example.org/sparql-update> ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name"; 
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6.3 Language Map and Object Map

All triples containing the language tag language +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the object "age" +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 9: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name"; 
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rml:reference "language";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.7 Overriding Targets

In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

4.7.1 Separate Triples Map

Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

In this example, all triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the subject http://newtarget.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 10: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.7.2 Conditions

FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

+
+ Example 11: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";    
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "age";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+
+ + + +

A. References

+

A.1 Normative references

+
[FnO]
The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
[RDF-Concepts]
Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
[RFC2119]
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
[RFC8174]
Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
[RML]
RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
[SPARQL]
SPARQL 1.1 Overview. W3C. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
+
+

A.2 Informative references

+
[paper]
Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation. Dylan Van Assche; Gerald Haesendonck; Gertjan De Mulder; Thomas Delva; Pieter Heyvaert; Ben De Meester; Anastasia Dimou. Springer. 2021. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021. URL: https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dist/index.html b/dist/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..abf76cd --- /dev/null +++ b/dist/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@ + + + + + + + +Target in RML + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

Target in RML

+ +

+ Unofficial Draft + +

+
+ +
Latest editor's draft:
https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
+ + + + + +
Editors:
+
+ (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
+ (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
+ + +
This Version
+ https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ +
Previous Version
+ https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ +
Website
+ https://rml.io/target-in-rml +
+
+ + + +

+ This document is licensed under a + Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + (CC-BY). +

+
+
+

Abstract

This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [paper] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples.

The version of this document is v1.0.0.

+ +

Status of This Document

+ This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official + standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of + any standards organization. +

+

This is an early draft, +yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

+
+ +

1. Conformance

As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

+ The key word MAY in this document + is to be interpreted as described in + BCP 14 + [RFC2119] [RFC8174] + when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. +

+ +

2. Overview

This section is non-normative.

This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification.

In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
PrefixNamespace
rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
+ +

3. Target in RML

RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +Target vocabulary +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property +to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [RML]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [RDF-Concepts] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets.

+
+ Example 1: + 
<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source [ a csvw:Table;
+      csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv";
+      csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+        csvw:delimiter ";”;
+        csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+        csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+      rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
+        void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+      ];
+      rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+         rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
+           void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl>;
+         ];
+         rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+         rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+      ];
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will not export generated triples +which do not have a Target assigned.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
PropertyDomainRange
rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget
+ +

4. Examples

4.1 Subject Map

All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

+
+ Example 2: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt.gz>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.2 Predicate Map

All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

+
+ Example 3: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; 
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.3 Object Map

All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

+
+ Example 4: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.4 Graph Map

All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples +are exported to by the Target. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph.

The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:MyGraph +to an SPARQL [SPARQL] endpoint using SPARQL UPDATE:

+
+ Example 5: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+      rr:graphMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" 
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.5 Language Map

All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format:

+
+ Example 6: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rml:reference "language";
+      ]; 
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6 Combining multiple Targets

Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +Each triple is exported to all the Targets +specified in the triple's Term Maps.

4.6.1 Subject Map and Predicate Map

All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 7: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+      rr:constant foaf:name 
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6.2 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} are exported +to LogicalTarget1, all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to LogicalTarget2 and all triples containing the object "age" +are exported to LogicalTarget3.

+
+ Example 8: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+.
+
+<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ;
+  sd:endpoint  <http://example.org/sparql-update> ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name"; 
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6.3 Language Map and Object Map

All triples containing the language tag language +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the object "age" +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 9: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name"; 
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rml:reference "language";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.7 Overriding Targets

In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

4.7.1 Separate Triples Map

Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

In this example, all triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the subject http://newtarget.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 10: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.7.2 Conditions

FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

+
+ Example 11: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";    
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "age";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+
+ + + +

A. References

+

A.1 Normative references

+
[FnO]
The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
[RDF-Concepts]
Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
[RFC2119]
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
[RFC8174]
Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
[RML]
RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
[SPARQL]
SPARQL 1.1 Overview. W3C. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
+
+

A.2 Informative references

+
[paper]
Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation. Dylan Van Assche; Gerald Haesendonck; Gertjan De Mulder; Thomas Delva; Pieter Heyvaert; Ben De Meester; Anastasia Dimou. Springer. 2021. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021. URL: https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/publish.js b/publish.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b025c67 --- /dev/null +++ b/publish.js @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +/** + * Created by bjdmeest on 10/06/2016. + * Modified by Dylan Van Assche on 12/02/2021. + */ + +var fs = require('fs'); +var path = require('path'); + +var dateString = (new Date()).toISOString().split('T')[0].replace(/-/g, ''); + +try { + if (!fs.existsSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'))) { + fs.mkdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist')); + } + fs.mkdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString)); +} catch (e) { + +} + +var files = fs.readdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist')); +var dirs = []; +for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { + if (fs.lstatSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', files[i])).isDirectory()) { + dirs.push(files[i]); + } +} + +dirs.sort(); +dirs.reverse(); + +if (dirs[0] === "resources") { + dirs.splice (0, 1); +} + +if (dirs[0] === dateString) { + dirs.splice (0, 1); +} + +// First version, set previous version to this one +if (dirs.length == 0) { + dirs.push (dateString) +} + +var html = fs.readFileSync ('./rendered.html', 'utf8'); +html = html.replace (/%thisDate%/g, dateString); +html = html.replace (/%prevDate%/g, dirs[0]); +fs.writeFileSync (path.resolve (__dirname, 'dist', 'index.html'), html); +html = html.replace (/\.\/resources/g, '../resources'); +fs.writeFileSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString, 'index.html'), html); + diff --git a/rendered.html b/rendered.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5767524 --- /dev/null +++ b/rendered.html @@ -0,0 +1,1072 @@ + + + + + + + +Target in RML + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+

Target in RML

+ +

+ Unofficial Draft + +

+
+ +
Latest editor's draft:
https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
+ + + + + +
Editors:
+
+ (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
+ (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
+ + +
This Version
+ https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/%thisDate%/ +
Previous Version
+ https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/%prevDate%/ +
Website
+ https://rml.io/target-in-rml +
+
+ + + +

+ This document is licensed under a + Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + (CC-BY). +

+
+
+

Abstract

This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [paper] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples.

The version of this document is v1.0.0.

+ +

Status of This Document

+ This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official + standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of + any standards organization. +

+

This is an early draft, +yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

+
+ +

1. Conformance

As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

+ The key word MAY in this document + is to be interpreted as described in + BCP 14 + [RFC2119] [RFC8174] + when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. +

+ +

2. Overview

This section is non-normative.

This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification.

In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
PrefixNamespace
rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
+ +

3. Target in RML

RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +Target vocabulary +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property +to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [RML]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [RDF-Concepts] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets.

+
+ Example 1: + 
<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source [ a csvw:Table;
+      csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv";
+      csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+        csvw:delimiter ";”;
+        csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+        csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+      rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
+        void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+      ];
+      rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+         rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
+           void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl>;
+         ];
+         rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+         rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+      ];
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will not export generated triples +which do not have a Target assigned.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
PropertyDomainRange
rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget
+ +

4. Examples

4.1 Subject Map

All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

+
+ Example 2: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt.gz>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.2 Predicate Map

All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

+
+ Example 3: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; 
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.3 Object Map

All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

+
+ Example 4: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.4 Graph Map

All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples +are exported to by the Target. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph.

The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:MyGraph +to an SPARQL [SPARQL] endpoint using SPARQL UPDATE:

+
+ Example 5: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+      rr:graphMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" 
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.5 Language Map

All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format:

+
+ Example 6: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rml:reference "language";
+      ]; 
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6 Combining multiple Targets

Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +Each triple is exported to all the Targets +specified in the triple's Term Maps.

4.6.1 Subject Map and Predicate Map

All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 7: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+      rr:constant foaf:name 
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6.2 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} are exported +to LogicalTarget1, all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to LogicalTarget2 and all triples containing the object "age" +are exported to LogicalTarget3.

+
+ Example 8: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+.
+
+<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ;
+  sd:endpoint  <http://example.org/sparql-update> ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name"; 
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.6.3 Language Map and Object Map

All triples containing the language tag language +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the object "age" +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 9: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "name"; 
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+        rml:reference "language";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.7 Overriding Targets

In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

4.7.1 Separate Triples Map

Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

In this example, all triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget1 +and all triples containing the subject http://newtarget.org/{id} +are exported to LogicalTarget2.

+
+ Example 10: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [ 
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ];
+  ];
+.
+
+

4.7.2 Conditions

FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

+
+ Example 11: + 
<LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
+  rml:source "/data/people.json";
+  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
+  rr:subjectMap [ 
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";    
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "age";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
+
+ + + +

A. References

+

A.1 Normative references

+
[FnO]
The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
[RDF-Concepts]
Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
[RFC2119]
Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
[RFC8174]
Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
[RML]
RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
[SPARQL]
SPARQL 1.1 Overview. W3C. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
+
+

A.2 Informative references

+
[paper]
Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation. Dylan Van Assche; Gerald Haesendonck; Gertjan De Mulder; Thomas Delva; Pieter Heyvaert; Ben De Meester; Anastasia Dimou. Springer. 2021. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021. URL: https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021
+
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t?(i=t[0].match(/(?:\r\n?|\n).*/g),i&&(this.yylineno+=i.length),this.yylloc={first_line:this.yylloc.last_line,last_line:this.yylineno+1,first_column:this.yylloc.last_column,last_column:i?i[i.length-1].length-i[i.length-1].match(/\r?\n?/)[0].length:this.yylloc.last_column+t[0].length},this.yytext+=t[0],this.match+=t[0],this.matches=t,this.yyleng=this.yytext.length,this.options.ranges&&(this.yylloc.range=[this.offset,this.offset+=this.yyleng]),this._more=!1,this._input=this._input.slice(t[0].length),this.matched+=t[0],e=this.performAction.call(this,this.yy,this,a[r],this.conditionStack[this.conditionStack.length-1]),this.done&&this._input&&(this.done=!1),e?e:void 0):""===this._input?this.EOF:this.parseError("Lexical error on line "+(this.yylineno+1)+". 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+//# sourceMappingURL=respec-w3c-common.build.js.map +require(['profile-w3c-common']); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/section/abstract.md b/section/abstract.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4c5ae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/section/abstract.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +## Abstract {#abstract} + +This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [[RML]] with Target [[paper]] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples. + +The version of this document is *v1.0.0*. diff --git a/section/examples.md b/section/examples.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..733da49 --- /dev/null +++ b/section/examples.md @@ -0,0 +1,542 @@ +## Examples {#examples} + +### Subject Map {#subject-map} + +All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [[RML]]. + +The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject `http://example.org/{id}` +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression: + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Predicate Map {#predicate-map} + +All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [[RML]]. + +The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate `foaf:name` to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression: + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ + rr:constant foaf:name; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Object Map {#object-map} + +All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [[RML]]. + +The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format: + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Graph Map {#graph-map} + +All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [[RML]]. +The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples +are exported to by the Target. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. + +The following example exports all triples in the named graph `ex:MyGraph` +to an SPARQL [[SPARQL]] endpoint using `SPARQL UPDATE`: + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + rr:graphMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" + ]; + ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Language Map {#language-map} + +All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [[RML]]. + +The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format: + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + rml:languageMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + rml:reference "language"; + ]; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Combining multiple Targets {#combining-targets} + +Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +Each triple is exported to all the Targets +specified in the triple's Term Maps. + +#### Subject Map and Predicate Map {#subject-and-predicate-map} + +All triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` +are exported to `LogicalTarget1` +and all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` +are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + rr:constant foaf:name + ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +#### Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map {#subject-predicate-and-object-map} + +All triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` are exported +to `LogicalTarget1`, all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` +are exported to `LogicalTarget2` and all triples containing the object `"age"` +are exported to `LogicalTarget3`. + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ; +. + +<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ; + sd:endpoint ; + sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + rr:constant foaf:name; + ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>; + rml:reference "age"; + ]; + ]; +. +``` + +#### Language Map and Object Map {#language-and-object-map} + +All triples containing the language tag `language` +are exported to `LogicalTarget1` +and all triples containing the object `"age"` +are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + rml:languageMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + rml:reference "language"; + ]; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Overriding Targets {#overriding-targets} + +In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [[FnO]] as conditions. + +#### Separate Triples Map {#seperate-triples-map} + +Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map. + +In this example, all triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` +are exported to `LogicalTarget1` +and all triples containing the subject `http://newtarget.org/{id}` +are exported to LogicalTarget2. + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + ]; + ]; +. + +<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ]; + ]; +. +``` + +#### Conditions {#conditions} + +FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported. + +```turtle "example": " " + a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + fnml:functionValue [ + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicate fno:executes ; + rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ] + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ; + rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"] + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + ]; + ]; + ]; + ]; +. +``` diff --git a/section/overview.md b/section/overview.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac7eeba --- /dev/null +++ b/section/overview.md @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +## Overview {#overview} + +*This section is non-normative.* + +This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification. + +In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated: + +| Prefix | Namespace | +| --------- | ------------------------------------------------ | +| `rml` | http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml# | +| `rmlt` | http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target# | +| `rr` | http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml# | +| `formats` | https://www.w3.org/ns/formats/ | +| `comp` | http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression# | +| `csvw` | http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw# | +| `foaf` | http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ | +| `fnml` | http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml# | +| `idlab-fn` | http://example.com/idlab/function/ | diff --git a/section/target-in-rml.md b/section/target-in-rml.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ccffd19 --- /dev/null +++ b/section/target-in-rml.md @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +## Target in RML {#target-in-rml} + +RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +[Target vocabulary](http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#) +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending `rr:TermMap` with the `rml:logicalTarget` property +to describe on Term Map [[RML]] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [[RML]]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [[RDF-Concepts]] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags. + +A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more `rml:logicalTarget` properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple `rml:logicalTarget` properties in the Term Map. + +Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. + +```turtle "example": " " +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source [ a csvw:Table; + csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv"; + csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect; + csvw:delimiter ";”; + csvw:encoding "UTF-8"; + csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean; + ]; + ]; + ]; + rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap; + rr:template "http://example.com/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset + void:dataDump ; + ]; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap; + rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap; + rr:constant foaf:name; + rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset + void:dataDump ; + ]; + rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle; + rmlt:compression comp:Zip; + ]; + ]; + rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap; + rml:reference "name"; + ]; + ]; +. +``` + +If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will not export generated triples +which do not have a Target assigned. + +| Property | Domain | Range | +| ------------------- | ------------ | -------------------- | +| `rml:logicalTarget` | `rr:TermMap` | `rmlt:LogicalTarget` | From 115b42bd4dc11b616c23873d57327dbade5588fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Fri, 2 Apr 2021 10:45:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 02/39] readme: update README --- README.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 0ae2585..8840c98 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# The Function Ontology Specification +# Data IO in RML Specification -Repository for https://w3id.org/function/spec +Repository for https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml ## Quickstart @@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ Repository for https://w3id.org/function/spec - save as snapshot to function.html [using the respec functionality](https://respec.org/docs/#using-browser) - run `node publish.js` to get the index.html + archived version in the `dist` folder -The `dist` folder contents should mimic the contents on `https://w3id.org/function/spec` +The `dist` folder contents should mimic the contents on `https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml` From 4c30cb47413abe0eb4d3398868f8c01f984c735f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 09:26:00 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/39] overview: add VoID prefix The examples use the VoID namespace to access RDF datasets, but it isn't mentioned in the list of prefixes in the overview --- section/overview.md | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/section/overview.md b/section/overview.md index ac7eeba..6e503aa 100644 --- a/section/overview.md +++ b/section/overview.md @@ -22,3 +22,4 @@ the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated: | `foaf` | http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ | | `fnml` | http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml# | | `idlab-fn` | http://example.com/idlab/function/ | +| `void` | http://rdfs.org/ns/void# | From 465279e2df9133c73a2aa5168e8750e9094d657b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gerald Haesendonck Date: Tue, 6 Apr 2021 16:29:24 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/39] examples: correct IRIs to Logical Sources. The IRIs which refer to the Logical Sources in the examples were wrong, making the examples unusable. --- section/examples.md | 32 ++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) diff --git a/section/examples.md b/section/examples.md index 733da49..3988521 100644 --- a/section/examples.md +++ b/section/examples.md @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ the generated subject `http://example.org/{id}` to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression: ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ the generated predicate `foaf:name` to an RDF dump with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression: ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ the generated object name to an RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format: ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ with N-Triples as serialization format: rmlt:compression comp:GZip; <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; rr:predicateObjectMap [ rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ The following example exports all triples in the named graph `ex:MyGraph` to an SPARQL [[SPARQL]] endpoint using `SPARQL UPDATE`: ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ to an SPARQL [[SPARQL]] endpoint using `SPARQL UPDATE`: rmlt:compression comp:GZip; <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ The following examples export all triples with a language tag to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format: ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format: rmlt:compression comp:GZip; <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; @@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ and all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. . <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ are exported to `LogicalTarget2` and all triples containing the object `"age"` are exported to `LogicalTarget3`. ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ are exported to `LogicalTarget3`. . <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; @@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ and all triples containing the object `"age"` are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. . <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; @@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ and all triples containing the subject `http://newtarget.org/{id}` are exported to LogicalTarget2. ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; @@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported. ```turtle "example": " " - a rml:LogicalSource; +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; rml:source "/data/people.json"; rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; rml:iterator "$.[*]"; From 1e8a52aeb60b429b4ef5e00978f3c37b72a0dad0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 10:44:40 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/39] spec: replace Google Analytics in favor of Goatcounter We don't contribute to the Big Tech empire --- dev.html | 22 +++++----------------- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) diff --git a/dev.html b/dev.html index 4e8df9a..0530cd7 100644 --- a/dev.html +++ b/dev.html @@ -143,23 +143,11 @@ // !!!! IMPORTANT !!!! MAKE THE ABOVE BLINK IN YOUR HEAD }; - + +
    From 7be55f37923667f6d4675f2d7696ecc0064f91c9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 11:19:27 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/39] target-in-rml: always export to default target if none assigned This better matches the default behavior of an RML processor --- section/target-in-rml.md | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/section/target-in-rml.md b/section/target-in-rml.md index ccffd19..5cae30f 100644 --- a/section/target-in-rml.md +++ b/section/target-in-rml.md @@ -73,8 +73,9 @@ the processor falls back to the default target, as it is specified through the processor's specific configuration file or command line parameters. If a mapping document contains at least one Target, -the processor will not export generated triples -which do not have a Target assigned. +the processor will export the triples to these Targets, +triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, +are exported to the default target of the processor. | Property | Domain | Range | | ------------------- | ------------ | -------------------- | From 86a3efe9ed04dc9fdc0d9d91d1b6140c291490f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 11:36:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/39] abstract: refer to specification instead of paper The ICWE 2021 paper is referenced in the specification anyway --- dev.html | 17 ++++++----------- section/abstract.md | 2 +- 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/dev.html b/dev.html index 0530cd7..2b7a682 100644 --- a/dev.html +++ b/dev.html @@ -41,21 +41,16 @@ publisher: "FnO team", date: "05 January 2021", }, - "paper": { // TODO: use DOI + "DataIO": { authors: [ "Dylan Van Assche", - "Gerald Haesendonck", - "Gertjan De Mulder", - "Thomas Delva", - "Pieter Heyvaert", - "Ben De Meester", "Anastasia Dimou" ], - title: "Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation", - href: "https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021", - status: "In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021", - publisher: "Springer", - date: "2021", // TODO: add month + title: "Target", + href: "https://rml.io/specs/target", + status: "Unofficial Draft", + publisher: "RML team", + date: "24 March 2021", }, }, // These may become useful if the document gets a more 'official' status diff --git a/section/abstract.md b/section/abstract.md index c4c5ae0..2bc534a 100644 --- a/section/abstract.md +++ b/section/abstract.md @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ ## Abstract {#abstract} This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [[RML]] with Target [[paper]] +RDF Mapping Language [[RML]] with Target [[DataIO]] to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph should be directed and exported. The current document describes how Target is integrated From 25e81a3fe26ce437187ee334d331eaa4693addc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Thu, 15 Apr 2021 14:12:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/39] examples: improve examples multiple targets Move the statements about multiple targets to the examples, otherwise it seems disconnected --- dev.html | 6 +- section/examples.md | 542 ---------------------------------- section/multi-targets.md | 186 ++++++++++++ section/overriding-targets.md | 132 +++++++++ section/single-targets.md | 225 ++++++++++++++ section/target-in-rml.md | 7 +- 6 files changed, 549 insertions(+), 549 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 section/examples.md create mode 100644 section/multi-targets.md create mode 100644 section/overriding-targets.md create mode 100644 section/single-targets.md diff --git a/dev.html b/dev.html index 2b7a682..2ac26bf 100644 --- a/dev.html +++ b/dev.html @@ -160,7 +160,11 @@
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    diff --git a/section/examples.md b/section/examples.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3988521..0000000 --- a/section/examples.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,542 +0,0 @@ -## Examples {#examples} - -### Subject Map {#subject-map} - -All triples containing the generated subject are exported -to the specified targets in the Subject Map [[RML]]. - -The following example exports all triples containing -the generated subject `http://example.org/{id}` -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression: - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; -. - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; - ]; -. -``` - -### Predicate Map {#predicate-map} - -All triples containing the generated predicate are exported -to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [[RML]]. - -The following example exports all triples containing -the generated predicate `foaf:name` to an RDF dump -with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression: - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; -. - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ - rr:constant foaf:name; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; - ]; -. -``` - -### Object Map {#object-map} - -All triples containing the generated object are exported -to the specified targets in the Object Map [[RML]]. - -The following example exports all triples containing -the generated object name to an RDF dump -with N-Triples as serialization format: - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "name"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; - ]; -. -``` - -### Graph Map {#graph-map} - -All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets -in the Graph Map [[RML]]. -The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples -are exported to by the Target. -If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, -all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. - -The following example exports all triples in the named graph `ex:MyGraph` -to an SPARQL [[SPARQL]] endpoint using `SPARQL UPDATE`: - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "age"; - rr:graphMap [ - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" - ]; - ]; - ]; -. -``` - -### Language Map {#language-map} - -All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets -in the Language Map [[RML]]. - -The following examples export all triples with a language tag -to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format: - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "name"; - rml:languageMap [ - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - rml:reference "language"; - ]; - ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ]; - ]; -. -``` - -### Combining multiple Targets {#combining-targets} - -Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple -in the same or multiple Term Maps. -Each triple is exported to all the Targets -specified in the triple's Term Maps. - -#### Subject Map and Predicate Map {#subject-and-predicate-map} - -All triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` -are exported to `LogicalTarget1` -and all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` -are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; -. - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; - rr:constant foaf:name - ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; - ]; -. -``` - -#### Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map {#subject-predicate-and-object-map} - -All triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` are exported -to `LogicalTarget1`, all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` -are exported to `LogicalTarget2` and all triples containing the object `"age"` -are exported to `LogicalTarget3`. - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ; -. - -<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ; - sd:endpoint ; - sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>; -. - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; - rr:constant foaf:name; - ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "name"; - ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>; - rml:reference "age"; - ]; - ]; -. -``` - -#### Language Map and Object Map {#language-and-object-map} - -All triples containing the language tag `language` -are exported to `LogicalTarget1` -and all triples containing the object `"age"` -are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; -. - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "name"; - rml:languageMap [ - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - rml:reference "language"; - ]; - ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "age"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; - ]; - ]; -. -``` - -### Overriding Targets {#overriding-targets} - -In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, -therefore Targets can be overridden when needed -by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or -by using FnO functions [[FnO]] as conditions. - -#### Separate Triples Map {#seperate-triples-map} - -Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets -by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map. - -In this example, all triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` -are exported to `LogicalTarget1` -and all triples containing the subject `http://newtarget.org/{id}` -are exported to LogicalTarget2. - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; -. - -<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "age"; - ]; - ]; -. - -<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ]; - ]; -. -``` - -#### Conditions {#conditions} - -FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples -only under certain conditions. -Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, -thus conditions apply on Targets as well. -Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. -Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported. - -```turtle "example": " " -<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; - rml:source "/data/people.json"; - rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; - rml:iterator "$.[*]"; -. - -<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; - void:dataDump ; -. - -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; - rr:subjectMap [ - rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; - rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; - rr:objectMap [ - fnml:functionValue [ - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicate fno:executes ; - rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ] - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ; - rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"] - ]; - rr:predicateObjectMap [ - rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ; - rr:objectMap [ - rml:reference "age"; - rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; - ]; - ]; - ]; - ]; - ]; -. -``` diff --git a/section/multi-targets.md b/section/multi-targets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aa45c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/section/multi-targets.md @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +## Combining multiple Targets {#multi-targets} + +Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. + +### Subject Map and Predicate Map {#subject-and-predicate-map} + +All triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` +are exported to `LogicalTarget1` +and all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` +are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + rr:constant foaf:name + ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map {#subject-predicate-and-object-map} + +All triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` are exported +to `LogicalTarget1`, all triples containing the predicate `foaf:name` +are exported to `LogicalTarget2` and all triples containing the object `"age"` +are exported to `LogicalTarget3`. + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ; +. + +<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ; + sd:endpoint ; + sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + rr:constant foaf:name; + ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>; + rml:reference "age"; + ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Language Map and Object Map {#language-and-object-map} + +All triples containing the language tag `language` +are exported to `LogicalTarget1` +and all triples containing the object `"age"` +are exported to `LogicalTarget2`. + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + rml:languageMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + rml:reference "language"; + ]; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + ]; + ]; +. +``` diff --git a/section/overriding-targets.md b/section/overriding-targets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..27d10f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/section/overriding-targets.md @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +## Overriding Targets {#overriding-targets} + +In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [[FnO]] as conditions. + +### Separate Triples Map {#seperate-triples-map} + +Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map. + +In this example, all triples containing the subject `http://example.org/{id}` +are exported to `LogicalTarget1` +and all triples containing the subject `http://newtarget.org/{id}` +are exported to LogicalTarget2. + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + ]; + ]; +. + +<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Conditions {#conditions} + +FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported. + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + fnml:functionValue [ + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicate fno:executes ; + rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ] + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ; + rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"] + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + ]; + ]; + ]; + ]; +. +``` diff --git a/section/single-targets.md b/section/single-targets.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fcac8e --- /dev/null +++ b/section/single-targets.md @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +## Single targets {#single-targets} + +### Subject Map {#subject-map} + +All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [[RML]]. + +The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject `http://example.org/{id}` +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression: + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Predicate Map {#predicate-map} + +All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [[RML]]. + +The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate `foaf:name` to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression: + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; +. + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ + rr:constant foaf:name; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Object Map {#object-map} + +All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [[RML]]. + +The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format: + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Graph Map {#graph-map} + +All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [[RML]]. +The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples +are exported to by the Target. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. + +The following example exports all triples in the named graph `ex:MyGraph` +to an SPARQL [[SPARQL]] endpoint using `SPARQL UPDATE`: + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "age"; + rr:graphMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" + ]; + ]; + ]; +. +``` + +### Language Map {#language-map} + +All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [[RML]]. + +The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format: + +```turtle "example": " " +<#LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource; + rml:source "/data/people.json"; + rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath; + rml:iterator "$.[*]"; +. + +<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump ; +. + +<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; + rmlt:compression comp:GZip; + +<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; + rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>; + rr:subjectMap [ + rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ]; + rr:objectMap [ + rml:reference "name"; + rml:languageMap [ + rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; + rml:reference "language"; + ]; + ]; + ]; + rr:predicateObjectMap [ + rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ]; + rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ]; + ]; +. +``` diff --git a/section/target-in-rml.md b/section/target-in-rml.md index 5cae30f..9effae8 100644 --- a/section/target-in-rml.md +++ b/section/target-in-rml.md @@ -22,12 +22,7 @@ The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying multiple `rml:logicalTarget` properties in the Term Map. Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets -in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. -If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, -all triples containing the generated Term are exported -to all the specified Targets. -In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, -the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple (see [[[!#multiple-targets]]]). ```turtle "example": " " <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; From 5be339d22b93622c572e093a7a8c01b8069355ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2021 11:58:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/39] examples: fix Combining multiple Targets section Wrong filename and reference --- section/{multi-targets.md => multiple-targets.md} | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) rename section/{multi-targets.md => multiple-targets.md} (98%) diff --git a/section/multi-targets.md b/section/multiple-targets.md similarity index 98% rename from section/multi-targets.md rename to section/multiple-targets.md index aa45c41..3e8e3a2 100644 --- a/section/multi-targets.md +++ b/section/multiple-targets.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -## Combining multiple Targets {#multi-targets} +## Combining multiple Targets {#multiple-targets} Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple in the same or multiple Term Maps. From 758c01e486f8796322df43266fb6ceeda6bd52a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2021 13:11:55 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/39] overview: add colored boxes for examples Each example contains multiple parts, each part has its own colored box --- dev.html | 81 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- section/overview.md | 31 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/dev.html b/dev.html index 2ac26bf..d696b34 100644 --- a/dev.html +++ b/dev.html @@ -6,8 +6,85 @@ + + + + + + + + + +
    +

    Target in RML

    + +

    + Unofficial Draft + +

    +
    + +
    Latest editor's draft:
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
    + + + + + +
    Editors:
    +
    + (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
    + (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
    + + +
    This Version
    + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210421/ +
    Previous Version
    + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ +
    Website
    + https://rml.io/target-in-rml +
    +
    + + + +

    + This document is licensed under a + Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + (CC-BY). +

    +
    +
    +

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples.

    The version of this document is v1.0.0.

    + +

    Status of This Document

    + This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official + standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of + any standards organization. +

    +

    This is an early draft, +yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    +
    + +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    + The key word MAY in this document + is to be interpreted as described in + BCP 14 + [RFC2119] [RFC8174] + when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. +

    + +

    2. Overview

    This section is non-normative.

    This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification.

    In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    PrefixNamespace
    rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
    rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
    rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
    formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
    foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
    fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
    idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
    voidhttp://rdfs.org/ns/void#
    exhttp://example.org/ns#
    schemahttp://schema.org/

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. +Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.
    + +

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +Target vocabulary +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property +to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [RML]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [RDF-Concepts] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

    A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple +(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). +Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map +or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will export the triples to these Targets, +triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, +are exported to the default target of the processor.

    + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    PropertyDomainRange
    rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget

    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph. +The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary, +transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings, +and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary. +The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target, +and as Turtle to the second Target. +The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip +compression algorithm.

    id;name;nickname
+0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
+1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
+2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
+3;Parker;Thief
+4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
+  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
+  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+    csvw:delimiter ";";
+    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+  ];
+.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rr:class foaf:Person;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
+.
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
+.
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
+.
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Parker";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
+.
    + +

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. +In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, +therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq.gz
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
+.
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
+.
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
+.
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
+.
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples +may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must +support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. +When a Target contains a serialization format +which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, +the mapping is considered invalid. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. +In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, +they are added to the default graph as specified +by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rr:graphMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Friends;
+    ];
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .
    + +

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. +If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, +the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple +Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, +all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported +to the three specified Targets:

      +
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • +
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • +
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • +
    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
+  rmlt:compression comp:TarXz;
+.
+<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
+  rmlt:compression comp:TarGZip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
+[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Nia Nal"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
+
+# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
+    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
+    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
+    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
+    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or +predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. +The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor +as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing +foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# default target of processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.9 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.10 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    + +

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, +but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name +are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate +schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant schema:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported +to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported +to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
    + + + +

    A. References

    +

    A.1 Normative references

    +
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/
    +
    +

    A.2 Informative references

    +
    [DataIO]
    Target. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/target
    +
    \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dist/index.html b/dist/index.html index abf76cd..3d97c1f 100644 --- a/dist/index.html +++ b/dist/index.html @@ -1,18 +1,8 @@ - + - - + + +
    @@ -265,7 +329,7 @@

    Target in RML

    Unofficial Draft - +

    @@ -284,7 +348,7 @@

    This Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210421/
    Previous Version
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/
    Website
    @@ -302,7 +366,7 @@

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [paper] +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph should be directed and exported. The current document describes how Target is integrated @@ -315,7 +379,7 @@

    This is an early draft, yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -

    +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    The key word MAY in this document @@ -373,7 +437,20 @@

    idlab-fn http://example.com/idlab/function/ -

    + +void +http://rdfs.org/ns/void# + + +ex +http://example.org/ns# + + +schema +http://schema.org/ + +

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. +Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, each RML processor has its own way to describe this information @@ -393,58 +470,17 @@

    to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets -in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. -If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, -all triples containing the generated Term are exported -to all the specified Targets. -In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, -the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets.

    -
    - Example 1: - 
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source [ a csvw:Table;
-      csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv";
-      csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
-        csvw:delimiter ";”;
-        csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
-        csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-      rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
-        void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-      ];
-      rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-         rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
-           void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl>;
-         ];
-         rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-         rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
-      ];
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple +(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). +Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map +or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, the processor falls back to the default target, as it is specified through the processor's specific configuration file or command line parameters. If a mapping document contains at least one Target, -the processor will not export generated triples -which do not have a Target assigned.

    +the processor will export the triples to these Targets, +triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, +are exported to the default target of the processor.

    @@ -457,536 +493,1785 @@

    -
    Propertyrr:TermMap rmlt:LogicalTarget

    - -

    4. Examples

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported -to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated subject http://example.org/{id} -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    -
    - Example 2: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt.gz>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
+
    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph.
+The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary,
+transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings,
+and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary.
+The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target,
+and as Turtle to the second Target.
+The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip 
+compression algorithm.
    id;name;nickname
+0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
+1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
+2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
+3;Parker;Thief
+4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
+  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
+  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+    csvw:delimiter ";";
+    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+  ];
+.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
 <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rr:class foaf:Person;
   ];
-.
-
    
-

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported -to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump -with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    -
    - Example 3: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
     ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported -to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated object name to an RDF dump -with N-Triples as serialization format:

    -
    - Example 4: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname";
+    ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets -in the Graph Map [RML]. -The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples -are exported to by the Target. -If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, -all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:MyGraph -to an SPARQL [SPARQL] endpoint using SPARQL UPDATE:

    -
    - Example 5: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
 
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
 
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
-      rr:graphMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" 
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
+# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
 .
-
    -

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets -in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag -to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format:

    -
    - Example 6: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
 .
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
 .
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Parker";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
+.
    -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; - rr:subjectMap [ +

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. +In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, +therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rml:reference "language";
-      ]; 
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6 Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple -in the same or multiple Term Maps. -Each triple is exported to all the Targets -specified in the triple's Term Maps.

    4.6.1 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 7: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
   rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-      rr:constant foaf:name 
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
     ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6.2 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} are exported -to LogicalTarget1, all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to LogicalTarget2 and all triples containing the object "age" -are exported to LogicalTarget3.

    -
    - Example 8: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq.gz
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
 .
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
 .
-
-<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ;
-  sd:endpoint  <http://example.org/sparql-update> ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ;
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
 .
-
-<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>;
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
 .
 
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
     ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name"; 
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>;
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "age";
     ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6.3 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag language -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the object "age" -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 9: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
 
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples +may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must +support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. +When a Target contains a serialization format +which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, +the mapping is considered invalid. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. +In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, +they are added to the default graph as specified +by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
 .
 
 <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rr:graphMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Friends;
+    ];
    ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name"; 
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+.
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
       rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rml:reference "language";
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+        rr:constant "en";
       ];
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "age";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
     ];
   ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .
    + +

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. +If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, +the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple +Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, +all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported +to the three specified Targets:

      +
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • +
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • +
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • +
    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
 .
-
    -

    4.7 Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, -therefore Targets can be overridden when needed -by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or -by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    4.7.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets -by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, all triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the subject http://newtarget.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 10: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
+  rmlt:compression comp:TarXz;
+.
+<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
+  rmlt:compression comp:TarGZip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
 
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
+[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Nia Nal"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
+
+# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
+    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
+    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
+    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
+    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
 
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
 <#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or +predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
 
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
 
-<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
     ];
   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
 
-<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ];
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. +The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor +as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing +foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
   ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
-
    -

    4.7.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples -only under certain conditions. -Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, -thus conditions apply on Targets as well. -Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. -Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    -
    - Example 11: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
 
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+# default target of processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.9 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.10 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
 
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";    
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    + +

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, +but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name +are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate +schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant schema:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported +to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported +to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
     rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
     rr:objectMap [
       fnml:functionValue [
         rr:predicateObjectMap [
           rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ]
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
         ];
         rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"]
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
         ];
         rr:predicateObjectMap [
           rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
           rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "age";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
           ];
         ];
       ];
     ];
   ];
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
-
    -
    +<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ; + void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>; +.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .

    A. References

    A.1 Normative references

    -
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [SPARQL]
    SPARQL 1.1 Overview. W3C. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
    +
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [paper]
    Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation. Dylan Van Assche; Gerald Haesendonck; Gertjan De Mulder; Thomas Delva; Pieter Heyvaert; Ben De Meester; Anastasia Dimou. Springer. 2021. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021. URL: https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021
    +
    [DataIO]
    Target. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/target
    - + + +
    @@ -265,7 +329,7 @@

    Target in RML

    Unofficial Draft - +

    @@ -302,7 +366,7 @@

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [paper] +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph should be directed and exported. The current document describes how Target is integrated @@ -315,7 +379,7 @@

    This is an early draft, yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -

    +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    The key word MAY in this document @@ -373,7 +437,20 @@

    idlab-fn http://example.com/idlab/function/ -

    + +void +http://rdfs.org/ns/void# + + +ex +http://example.org/ns# + + +schema +http://schema.org/ + +

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. +Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, each RML processor has its own way to describe this information @@ -393,58 +470,17 @@

    to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets -in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. -If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, -all triples containing the generated Term are exported -to all the specified Targets. -In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, -the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets.

    -
    - Example 1: - 
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source [ a csvw:Table;
-      csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv";
-      csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
-        csvw:delimiter ";”;
-        csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
-        csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-      rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
-        void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-      ];
-      rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-         rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
-           void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl>;
-         ];
-         rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-         rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
-      ];
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple +(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). +Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map +or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, the processor falls back to the default target, as it is specified through the processor's specific configuration file or command line parameters. If a mapping document contains at least one Target, -the processor will not export generated triples -which do not have a Target assigned.

    +the processor will export the triples to these Targets, +triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, +are exported to the default target of the processor.

    @@ -457,536 +493,1785 @@

    -
    Propertyrr:TermMap rmlt:LogicalTarget

    - -

    4. Examples

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported -to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated subject http://example.org/{id} -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    -
    - Example 2: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt.gz>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
+
    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph.
+The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary,
+transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings,
+and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary.
+The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target,
+and as Turtle to the second Target.
+The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip 
+compression algorithm.
    id;name;nickname
+0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
+1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
+2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
+3;Parker;Thief
+4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
+  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
+  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+    csvw:delimiter ";";
+    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+  ];
+.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
 <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rr:class foaf:Person;
   ];
-.
-
    
-

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported -to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump -with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    -
    - Example 3: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; 
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
     ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported -to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated object name to an RDF dump -with N-Triples as serialization format:

    -
    - Example 4: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname";
+    ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets -in the Graph Map [RML]. -The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples -are exported to by the Target. -If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, -all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:MyGraph -to an SPARQL [SPARQL] endpoint using SPARQL UPDATE:

    -
    - Example 5: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
 
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
 
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
-      rr:graphMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" 
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
+# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
 .
-
    -

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets -in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag -to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format:

    -
    - Example 6: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
 .
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
 .
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Parker";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
+.
    -<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; - rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>; - rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ; - rmlt:compression comp:GZip; - -<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap; - rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>; - rr:subjectMap [ +

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. +In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, +therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rml:reference "language";
-      ]; 
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6 Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple -in the same or multiple Term Maps. -Each triple is exported to all the Targets -specified in the triple's Term Maps.

    4.6.1 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 7: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
   rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-      rr:constant foaf:name 
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
     ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6.2 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} are exported -to LogicalTarget1, all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to LogicalTarget2 and all triples containing the object "age" -are exported to LogicalTarget3.

    -
    - Example 8: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq.gz
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
 .
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
 .
-
-<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ;
-  sd:endpoint  <http://example.org/sparql-update> ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ;
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
 .
-
-<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>;
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
 .
 
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
     ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name"; 
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>;
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "age";
     ];
   ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6.3 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag language -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the object "age" -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 9: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
 
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples +may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must +support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. +When a Target contains a serialization format +which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, +the mapping is considered invalid. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. +In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, +they are added to the default graph as specified +by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
 .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rr:graphMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Friends;
+    ];
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
 .
 
 <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
    ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name"; 
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
       rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rml:reference "language";
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+        rr:constant "en";
       ];
     ];
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "age";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
     ];
   ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .
    + +

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. +If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, +the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple +Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, +all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported +to the three specified Targets:

      +
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • +
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • +
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • +
    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
 .
-
    -

    4.7 Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, -therefore Targets can be overridden when needed -by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or -by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    4.7.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets -by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, all triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the subject http://newtarget.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 10: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
+  rmlt:compression comp:TarXz;
+.
+<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
+  rmlt:compression comp:TarGZip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
 
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
+[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Nia Nal"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
+
+# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
+    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
+    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
+    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
+    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
 
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
 <#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or +predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
 
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
 
-<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
     ];
   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
 
-<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ];
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. +The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor +as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing +foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
   ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
-
    -

    4.7.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples -only under certain conditions. -Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, -thus conditions apply on Targets as well. -Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. -Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    -
    - Example 11: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# default target of processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.9 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
 
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.10 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
 
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
 
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";    
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    + +

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, +but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name +are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate +schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant schema:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported +to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported +to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
     rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
     rr:objectMap [
       fnml:functionValue [
         rr:predicateObjectMap [
           rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ]
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
         ];
         rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"]
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
         ];
         rr:predicateObjectMap [
           rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
           rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "age";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
           ];
         ];
       ];
     ];
   ];
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
-
    -
    +<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; + rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; + rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples; +.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .

    A. References

    A.1 Normative references

    -
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [SPARQL]
    SPARQL 1.1 Overview. W3C. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
    +
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [paper]
    Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation. Dylan Van Assche; Gerald Haesendonck; Gertjan De Mulder; Thomas Delva; Pieter Heyvaert; Ben De Meester; Anastasia Dimou. Springer. 2021. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021. URL: https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021
    +
    [DataIO]
    Target. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/target
    - - -Target in RML - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    -

    Target in RML

    - -

    - Unofficial Draft - -

    -
    - -
    Latest editor's draft:
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
    - - - - - -
    Editors:
    -
    - (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) -
    - (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) -
    - - -
    This Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ -
    Previous Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ -
    Website
    - https://rml.io/target-in-rml -
    -
    - - - -

    - This document is licensed under a - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License - (CC-BY). -

    -
    -
    -

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [paper] -to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph -should be directed and exported. -The current document describes how Target is integrated -with RML through definitions and examples.

    The version of this document is v1.0.0.

    - -

    Status of This Document

    - This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official - standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of - any standards organization. -

    -

    This is an early draft, -yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -
    - -

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    - The key word MAY in this document - is to be interpreted as described in - BCP 14 - [RFC2119] [RFC8174] - when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. -

    - -

    2. Overview

    This section is non-normative.

    This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML -to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported -in the RML mapping rules. -Target and RML are self-standing specifications -which are aligned through this specification.

    In this document, examples assume -the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    PrefixNamespace
    rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
    rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
    rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
    formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
    foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
    fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
    idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
    - -

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, -each RML processor has its own way to describe this information -through configuration files or command line parameters. -To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, -RML is aligned with the -Target vocabulary -which describes how the generated triples are exported. -RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary -by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property -to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. -A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term -from a logical reference [RML]. -The result of that function is known as the term map's generated -RDF term [RDF-Concepts] -such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

    A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties -to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. -The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying -multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets -in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple. -If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, -all triples containing the generated Term are exported -to all the specified Targets. -In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, -the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets.

    -
    - Example 1: - 
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source [ a csvw:Table;
-      csvw:url "http://rml.io/data/csvw/Airport.csv";
-      csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
-        csvw:delimiter ";”;
-        csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
-        csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-      rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
-        void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-      ];
-      rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget [ a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-         rmlt:target [ a void:Dataset
-           void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl>;
-         ];
-         rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-         rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
-      ];
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, -the processor falls back to the default target, -as it is specified through the processor's -specific configuration file or command line parameters. -If a mapping document contains at least one Target, -the processor will not export generated triples -which do not have a Target assigned.

    - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    PropertyDomainRange
    rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget
    - -

    4. Examples

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported -to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated subject http://example.org/{id} -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    -
    - Example 2: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt.gz>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported -to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump -with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    -
    - Example 3: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>; 
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name" ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported -to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated object name to an RDF dump -with N-Triples as serialization format:

    -
    - Example 4: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ rr:template "http://example.org/{id}"; ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets -in the Graph Map [RML]. -The named graph doesn't influence where the named graph's triples -are exported to by the Target. -If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, -all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:MyGraph -to an SPARQL [SPARQL] endpoint using SPARQL UPDATE:

    -
    - Example 5: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
-      rr:graphMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rr:template "http://www.example.org/{type}" 
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets -in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag -to a RDF dump with JSON-LD as serialization format:

    -
    - Example 6: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rml:reference "language";
-      ]; 
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age"; ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6 Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple -in the same or multiple Term Maps. -Each triple is exported to all the Targets -specified in the triple's Term Maps.

    4.6.1 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 7: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-      rr:constant foaf:name 
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "age" ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6.2 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} are exported -to LogicalTarget1, all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to LogicalTarget2 and all triples containing the object "age" -are exported to LogicalTarget3.

    -
    - Example 8: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads ;
-.
-
-<#SPARQLUPDATE_target> a sd:Service ;
-  sd:endpoint  <http://example.org/sparql-update> ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Update ;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget3> a rml:logicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#SPARQLEndpoint>;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ 
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name"; 
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget3>;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.6.3 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag language -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the object "age" -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 9: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "name"; 
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-        rml:reference "language";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.7 Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, -therefore Targets can be overridden when needed -by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or -by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    4.7.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets -by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, all triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget1 -and all triples containing the subject http://newtarget.org/{id} -are exported to LogicalTarget2.

    -
    - Example 10: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file2.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [ 
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://newtarget.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget2>;
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:interest ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "interest"; ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -

    4.7.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples -only under certain conditions. -Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, -thus conditions apply on Targets as well. -Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. -Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    -
    - Example 11: - 
    <LogicalSource1> a rml:LogicalSource;
-  rml:source "/data/people.json";
-  rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-  rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/file1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#LogicalTarget1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples ;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource <#LogicalSource1>;
-  rr:subjectMap [ 
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";    
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [ rml:reference "name"; ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:age ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      fnml:functionValue [
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:trueCondition ]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:strBoolean ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "true"]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
-          rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "age";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#LogicalTarget1>;
-          ];
-        ];
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    -
    - - - -

    A. References

    -

    A.1 Normative references

    -
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [SPARQL]
    SPARQL 1.1 Overview. W3C. 21 March 2013. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-overview/
    -
    -

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [paper]
    Leveraging Web of Things W3C recommendations for knowledge graphs generation. Dylan Van Assche; Gerald Haesendonck; Gertjan De Mulder; Thomas Delva; Pieter Heyvaert; Ben De Meester; Anastasia Dimou. Springer. 2021. In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Web Engineering 2021. URL: https://dylanvanassche.be/publications/#icwe2021
    -
    \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv b/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c043bf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch diff --git a/dist/20210518/Friends.json b/dist/20210518/Friends.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e55449 --- /dev/null +++ b/dist/20210518/Friends.json @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +[ + { + "id": 0, + "name": "Monica Geller", + "age": 33 + }, + { + "id": 1, + "name": "Rachel Green", + "age": 34 + }, + { + "id": 2, + "name": "Joey Tribbiani", + "age": 35 + }, + { + "id": 3, + "name": "Chandler Bing", + "age": 36 + }, + { + "id": 4, + "name": "Ross Geller", + "age": 37 + } +] diff --git a/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv b/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..024b34b --- /dev/null +++ b/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +id;name;nickname +0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind +1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter +2;Eliot Spender;Hitter +3;Parker;Thief +4;Alec Hardison;Hacker diff --git a/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml b/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e70bb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + Kara Danvers + Supergirl + + + Alex Danvers + Sentinel + + + J'onn J'onzz + Martian Manhunter + + + Nia Nal + Dreamer + + diff --git a/dist/20210421/index.html b/dist/20210518/index.html similarity index 92% rename from dist/20210421/index.html rename to dist/20210518/index.html index d5708d8..5066254 100644 --- a/dist/20210421/index.html +++ b/dist/20210518/index.html @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ - +
    @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@

    Target in RML

    Unofficial Draft - +

    @@ -348,9 +348,9 @@

    This Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210421/ + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/
    Previous Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/
    Website
    https://rml.io/target-in-rml
    @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph should be directed and exported. The current document describes how Target is integrated @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@

    This is an early draft, yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -

    +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    The key word MAY in this document @@ -410,6 +410,10 @@

    http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target# +comp +http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression# + + rr http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml# @@ -548,7 +552,7 @@

    <#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle; - rmlt:compression comp:Zip; + rmlt:compression comp:zip; .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
     void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
@@ -634,7 +638,7 @@ 
    
   ];
   rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
     rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
@@ -655,19 +659,19 @@ 
    
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +.

    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
@@ -712,7 +716,7 @@ 
    
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
     rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
     ];
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
@@ -729,10 +733,10 @@ 
    
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq.gz
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
 @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
 @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
@@ -753,11 +757,11 @@ 
    
 .
 
 # default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" . +<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" . +<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" . +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" . +<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
@@ -805,7 +809,7 @@ 
    
     ];
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
     ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
@@ -876,11 +880,7 @@ 
    
   dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
     dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
   ];
-.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
   rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
     rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
     rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
@@ -911,7 +911,6 @@ 
    
   ];
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
 .
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
@@ -956,12 +955,7 @@ 
    
   dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
     dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
   ];
-.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
   rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
     rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
     rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
@@ -977,7 +971,7 @@ 
    
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
       rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
         rr:constant "en";
       ];
     ];
@@ -1003,11 +997,11 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
 
 # default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .
    +<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" . +<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" . +<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" . +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" . +<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple in the same or multiple Term Maps. @@ -1068,17 +1062,17 @@

    .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
 .
 <#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
-  rmlt:compression comp:TarXz;
+  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
 .
 <#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
-  rmlt:compression comp:TarGZip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
 .
@@ -1530,7 +1524,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1606,7 +1600,83 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump2. @@ -1695,7 +1765,7 @@

    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 . <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 . <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 . -<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.9 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1771,7 +1841,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.10 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1844,7 +1914,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1917,7 +1987,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
@@ -2233,7 +2303,7 @@ 
    A.1 Normative referen
     
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer.  W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology.  FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak.  W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll.  W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner.  IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba.  IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML).  RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao.  W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [DataIO]
    Target. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/target
    +
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@

    Target in RML

    Unofficial Draft - +

    @@ -348,9 +348,9 @@

    This Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210421/ + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/
    Previous Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210324/ + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/
    Website
    https://rml.io/target-in-rml
    @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph should be directed and exported. The current document describes how Target is integrated @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@

    This is an early draft, yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -

    +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    The key word MAY in this document @@ -410,6 +410,10 @@

    http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target# +comp +http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression# + + rr http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml# @@ -548,7 +552,7 @@

    <#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle; - rmlt:compression comp:Zip; + rmlt:compression comp:zip; .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
     void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
@@ -634,7 +638,7 @@ 
    
   ];
   rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
     rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
@@ -655,19 +659,19 @@ 
    
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +.

    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
@@ -712,7 +716,7 @@ 
    
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
     rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
     ];
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
@@ -729,10 +733,10 @@ 
    
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq.gz
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
 @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
 @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
@@ -753,11 +757,11 @@ 
    
 .
 
 # default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" . +<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" . +<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" . +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" . +<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
@@ -805,7 +809,7 @@ 
    
     ];
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
     ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
@@ -876,11 +880,7 @@ 
    
   dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
     dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
   ];
-.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
   rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
     rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
     rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
@@ -911,7 +911,6 @@ 
    
   ];
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
 .
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
@@ -956,12 +955,7 @@ 
    
   dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
     dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
   ];
-.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
   rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
     rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
     rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
@@ -977,7 +971,7 @@ 
    
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
       rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
         rr:constant "en";
       ];
     ];
@@ -1003,11 +997,11 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
 
 # default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .
    +<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" . +<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" . +<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" . +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" . +<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple in the same or multiple Term Maps. @@ -1068,17 +1062,17 @@

    .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
 .
 <#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
-  rmlt:compression comp:TarXz;
+  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
 .
 <#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
-  rmlt:compression comp:TarGZip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
 .
@@ -1530,7 +1524,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1606,7 +1600,83 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump2. @@ -1695,7 +1765,7 @@

    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 . <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 . <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 . -<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.9 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1771,7 +1841,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.10 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1844,7 +1914,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1917,7 +1987,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
@@ -2233,7 +2303,7 @@ 
    A.1 Normative referen
     
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer.  W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology.  FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak.  W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll.  W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner.  IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba.  IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML).  RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao.  W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [DataIO]
    Target. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/target
    +
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@

    Target in RML

    Unofficial Draft - +

    @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph should be directed and exported. The current document describes how Target is integrated @@ -379,7 +379,7 @@

    This is an early draft, yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -

    +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    The key word MAY in this document @@ -410,6 +410,10 @@

    http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target# +comp +http://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression# + + rr http://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml# @@ -548,7 +552,7 @@

    <#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget; rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>; rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle; - rmlt:compression comp:Zip; + rmlt:compression comp:zip; .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
     void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
 .
@@ -634,7 +638,7 @@ 
    
   ];
   rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
     rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
     rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
@@ -655,19 +659,19 @@ 
    
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +.

    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
@@ -712,7 +716,7 @@ 
    
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
     rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
       rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
     ];
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
@@ -729,10 +733,10 @@ 
    
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq.gz
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
 @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
 @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
 
@@ -753,11 +757,11 @@ 
    
 .
 
 # default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" . +<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" . +<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" . +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" . +<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
@@ -805,7 +809,7 @@ 
    
     ];
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
     ];
   ];
   rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
@@ -876,11 +880,7 @@ 
    
   dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
     dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
   ];
-.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
   rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
     rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
     rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
@@ -911,7 +911,6 @@ 
    
   ];
 .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
 .
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
@@ -956,12 +955,7 @@ 
    
   dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
     dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
   ];
-.
    <#Target> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:compression comp:GZip;
-.
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
   rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
     rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
     rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
@@ -977,7 +971,7 @@ 
    
     rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
       rml:reference "name";
       rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1;>
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
         rr:constant "en";
       ];
     ];
@@ -1003,11 +997,11 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
 
 # default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" _b0 .
    +<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" . +<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" . +<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" . +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" . +<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple in the same or multiple Term Maps. @@ -1068,17 +1062,17 @@

    .
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-  rmlt:compression comp:Zip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
 .
 <#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
-  rmlt:compression comp:TarXz;
+  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
 .
 <#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
   rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
   rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
-  rmlt:compression comp:TarGZip;
+  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
 .
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
   void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
 .
@@ -1530,7 +1524,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1606,7 +1600,83 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump2. @@ -1695,7 +1765,7 @@

    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 . <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 . <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 . -<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.9 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1771,7 +1841,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.10 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1844,7 +1914,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
@@ -1917,7 +1987,7 @@ 
    
 <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
 <http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
 <http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters are exported to TargetDump1 and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
@@ -2233,7 +2303,7 @@ 
    A.1 Normative referen
     
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer.  W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology.  FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak.  W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll.  W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner.  IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba.  IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML).  RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao.  W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [DataIO]
    Target. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/target
    +
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    + + + + + + + + + +
    +

    Target in RML

    + +

    + Unofficial Draft + +

    +
    + +
    Latest editor's draft:
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
    + + + + + +
    Editors:
    +
    + (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
    + (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
    + + +
    This Version
    + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ +
    Previous Version
    + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ +
    Website
    + https://rml.io/target-in-rml +
    +
    + + + +

    + This document is licensed under a + Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + (CC-BY). +

    +
    +
    +

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples.

    The version of this document is v1.0.0.

    + +

    Status of This Document

    + This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official + standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of + any standards organization. +

    +

    This is an early draft, +yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    +
    + +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    + The key word MAY in this document + is to be interpreted as described in + BCP 14 + [RFC2119] [RFC8174] + when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. +

    + +

    2. Overview

    This section is non-normative.

    This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification.

    In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    PrefixNamespace
    rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
    rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
    formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
    foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
    fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
    idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
    voidhttp://rdfs.org/ns/void#
    exhttp://example.org/ns#
    schemahttp://schema.org/

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. +Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.
    + +

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +Target vocabulary +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property +to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [RML]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [RDF-Concepts] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

    A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple +(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). +Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map +or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will export the triples to these Targets, +triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, +are exported to the default target of the processor.

    + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    PropertyDomainRange
    rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget

    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph. +The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary, +transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings, +and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary. +The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target, +and as Turtle to the second Target. +The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip +compression algorithm.

    id;name;nickname
+0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
+1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
+2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
+3;Parker;Thief
+4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
+  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
+  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+    csvw:delimiter ";";
+    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+  ];
+.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rr:class foaf:Person;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
+.
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
+.
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
+.
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Parker";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
+.
    + +

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. +In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, +therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
+  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
+.
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
+.
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
+.
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
+.
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples +may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must +support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. +When a Target contains a serialization format +which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, +the mapping is considered invalid. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. +In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, +they are added to the default graph as specified +by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rr:graphMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Friends;
+    ];
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .
    + +

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. +If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, +the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple +Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, +all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported +to the three specified Targets:

      +
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • +
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • +
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • +
    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
+  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
+.
+<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
+  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
+[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Nia Nal"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
+
+# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
+    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
+    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
+    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
+    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or +predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. +The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor +as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing +foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# default target of processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    + +

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, +but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name +are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate +schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant schema:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported +to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported +to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
    + + + +

    A. References

    +

    A.1 Normative references

    +
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/
    +
    +

    A.2 Informative references

    +
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    +
    \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dist/DBPedia.csv b/docs/dist/DBPedia.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c043bf3 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dist/DBPedia.csv @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik +http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch diff --git a/docs/dist/Friends.json b/docs/dist/Friends.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8e55449 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dist/Friends.json @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +[ + { + "id": 0, + "name": "Monica Geller", + "age": 33 + }, + { + "id": 1, + "name": "Rachel Green", + "age": 34 + }, + { + "id": 2, + "name": "Joey Tribbiani", + "age": 35 + }, + { + "id": 3, + "name": "Chandler Bing", + "age": 36 + }, + { + "id": 4, + "name": "Ross Geller", + "age": 37 + } +] diff --git a/docs/dist/Leverage.csv b/docs/dist/Leverage.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..024b34b --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dist/Leverage.csv @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +id;name;nickname +0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind +1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter +2;Eliot Spender;Hitter +3;Parker;Thief +4;Alec Hardison;Hacker diff --git a/docs/dist/Supergirl.xml b/docs/dist/Supergirl.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e70bb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dist/Supergirl.xml @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + Kara Danvers + Supergirl + + + Alex Danvers + Sentinel + + + J'onn J'onzz + Martian Manhunter + + + Nia Nal + Dreamer + + diff --git a/docs/dist/index.html b/docs/dist/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adfc9f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/dist/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,2531 @@ + + + + + + +Target in RML + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    +

    Target in RML

    + +

    + Unofficial Draft + +

    +
    + +
    Latest editor's draft:
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
    + + + + + +
    Editors:
    +
    + (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
    + (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) +
    + + +
    This Version
    + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ +
    Previous Version
    + https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ +
    Website
    + https://rml.io/target-in-rml +
    +
    + + + +

    + This document is licensed under a + Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License + (CC-BY). +

    +
    +
    +

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the +RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] +to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph +should be directed and exported. +The current document describes how Target is integrated +with RML through definitions and examples.

    The version of this document is v1.0.0.

    + +

    Status of This Document

    + This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official + standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of + any standards organization. +

    +

    This is an early draft, +yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    +
    + +

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    + The key word MAY in this document + is to be interpreted as described in + BCP 14 + [RFC2119] [RFC8174] + when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. +

    + +

    2. Overview

    This section is non-normative.

    This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML +to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported +in the RML mapping rules. +Target and RML are self-standing specifications +which are aligned through this specification.

    In this document, examples assume +the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

    + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    PrefixNamespace
    rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
    rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
    formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
    foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
    fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
    idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
    voidhttp://rdfs.org/ns/void#
    exhttp://example.org/ns#
    schemahttp://schema.org/

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. +Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.
    + +

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, +each RML processor has its own way to describe this information +through configuration files or command line parameters. +To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, +RML is aligned with the +Target vocabulary +which describes how the generated triples are exported. +RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary +by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property +to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. +A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term +from a logical reference [RML]. +The result of that function is known as the term map's generated +RDF term [RDF-Concepts] +such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

    A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties +to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. +The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying +multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets +in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple +(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). +Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map +or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, +the processor falls back to the default target, +as it is specified through the processor's +specific configuration file or command line parameters. +If a mapping document contains at least one Target, +the processor will export the triples to these Targets, +triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, +are exported to the default target of the processor.

    + + + + + + + + + + + + +
    PropertyDomainRange
    rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget

    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph. +The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary, +transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings, +and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary. +The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target, +and as Turtle to the second Target. +The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip +compression algorithm.

    id;name;nickname
+0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
+1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
+2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
+3;Parker;Thief
+4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
+  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
+  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
+    csvw:delimiter ";";
+    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
+    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
+  ];
+.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
+
+<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rr:class foaf:Person;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
+    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
+.
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
+.
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
+.
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Parker";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
+.
    + +

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. +In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, +therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported +to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated subject http://example.org/{id} +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
+  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
+.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported +to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump +with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
+@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
+@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
+
+<http://example.org/0>
+  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
+.
+<http://example.org/1>
+  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
+.
+<http://example.org/2>
+  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
+.
+<http://example.org/3>
+  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
+.
+<http://example.org/4>
+  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
+.
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported +to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing +the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump +with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets +in the Graph Map [RML]. +The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples +may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must +support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. +When a Target contains a serialization format +which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, +the mapping is considered invalid. +If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, +all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. +In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, +they are added to the default graph as specified +by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends +to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+    rr:graphMap [
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Friends;
+    ];
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets +in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag +to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
+  { 
+    "id": 0,
+    "name": "Monica Geller",
+    "age": 33
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 1,
+    "name": "Rachel Green",
+    "age": 34
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 2,
+    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
+    "age": 35
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 3,
+    "name": "Chandler Bing",
+    "age": 36
+  },
+  { 
+    "id": 4,
+    "name": "Ross Geller",
+    "age": 37
+  }
+]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
+   ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:age;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "age";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
+
+# default target of the processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
+<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .
    + +

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple +in the same or multiple Term Maps. +If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, +all triples containing the generated Term are exported +to all the specified Targets. +In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, +the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. +If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, +the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple +Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, +all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported +to the three specified Targets:

      +
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • +
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • +
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • +
    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
+  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
+.
+<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
+  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
+[
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
+    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
+      {
+        "@value": "Nia Nal"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
+
+# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
+    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
+    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
+    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
+    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
+  </rdf:Description>
+</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or +predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump2. +The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor +as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing +foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# default target of processor
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:languageMap [
+        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+        rr:constant "en";
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() +are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters +are exported to TargetDump1 +and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames +are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
+  <Character id="0">
+    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="1">
+    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
+    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="2">
+    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
+    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
+  </Character>
+  <Character id="3">
+    <name>Nia Nal</name>
+    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
+  </Character> 
+</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
+  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
+    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
+  ];
+.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
+    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
+    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+      rr:constant ex:Characters;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
+      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
+    ];
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nq
+<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
+<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    + +

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, +therefore Targets can be overridden when needed +by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or +by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets +by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, +but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name +are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate +schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+
+<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant schema:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+.
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples +only under certain conditions. +Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, +thus conditions apply on Targets as well. +Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. +Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported +to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported +to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
+actor,name,nickname
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
+http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
+  sd:endpoint ;
+  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
+  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
+.
+
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
+  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
+    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
+    rml:query """
+      PREFIX dbo: 
+      PREFIX rdf: 
+      PREFIX rdfs: 
+      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
+        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
+        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
+        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
+        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
+      }
+    """;
+  ];
+  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
+    rml:reference "actor";
+    rr:termType rr:IRI;
+    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
+    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
+      rr:constant foaf:name;
+    ];
+    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
+      rml:reference "name";
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
+    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
+    rr:objectMap [
+      fnml:functionValue [
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
+          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
+        ];
+        rr:predicateObjectMap [
+          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
+          rr:objectMap [ 
+            rml:reference "name";
+            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
+          ];
+        ];
+      ];
+    ];
+  ];
+
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
+<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
+  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
+  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
+.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
+.
+<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
+  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
+.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
+
+# file:///data/dump2.nt
+<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
    + + + +

    A. References

    +

    A.1 Normative references

    +
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/
    +
    +

    A.2 Informative references

    +
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    +
    \ No newline at end of file From a08d2a6da3d19fe777076cd8ae29a34ddca66ce5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 14:21:50 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 37/39] docs: correct path --- docs/{dist => }/20210518/DBPedia.csv | 0 docs/{dist => }/20210518/Friends.json | 0 docs/{dist => }/20210518/Leverage.csv | 0 docs/{dist => }/20210518/Supergirl.xml | 0 docs/{dist => }/20210518/index.html | 0 docs/{dist => }/DBPedia.csv | 0 docs/{dist => }/Friends.json | 0 docs/{dist => }/Leverage.csv | 0 docs/{dist => }/Supergirl.xml | 0 docs/{dist => }/index.html | 0 10 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) rename docs/{dist => }/20210518/DBPedia.csv (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/20210518/Friends.json (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/20210518/Leverage.csv (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/20210518/Supergirl.xml (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/20210518/index.html (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/DBPedia.csv (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/Friends.json (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/Leverage.csv (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/Supergirl.xml (100%) rename docs/{dist => }/index.html (100%) diff --git a/docs/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv b/docs/20210518/DBPedia.csv similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv rename to docs/20210518/DBPedia.csv diff --git a/docs/dist/20210518/Friends.json b/docs/20210518/Friends.json similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/20210518/Friends.json rename to docs/20210518/Friends.json diff --git a/docs/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv b/docs/20210518/Leverage.csv similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv rename to docs/20210518/Leverage.csv diff --git a/docs/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml b/docs/20210518/Supergirl.xml similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml rename to docs/20210518/Supergirl.xml diff --git a/docs/dist/20210518/index.html b/docs/20210518/index.html similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/20210518/index.html rename to docs/20210518/index.html diff --git a/docs/dist/DBPedia.csv b/docs/DBPedia.csv similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/DBPedia.csv rename to docs/DBPedia.csv diff --git a/docs/dist/Friends.json b/docs/Friends.json similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/Friends.json rename to docs/Friends.json diff --git a/docs/dist/Leverage.csv b/docs/Leverage.csv similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/Leverage.csv rename to docs/Leverage.csv diff --git a/docs/dist/Supergirl.xml b/docs/Supergirl.xml similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/Supergirl.xml rename to docs/Supergirl.xml diff --git a/docs/dist/index.html b/docs/index.html similarity index 100% rename from docs/dist/index.html rename to docs/index.html From 11a01b80007cfdb895b63c8a5345e0519fbd4ca9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dylan Van Assche Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 14:22:45 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 38/39] publish: use docs dir --- dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv | 10 - dist/20210518/Friends.json | 27 - dist/20210518/Leverage.csv | 6 - dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml | 18 - dist/20210518/index.html | 2531 ----------------------------------- dist/DBPedia.csv | 10 - dist/Friends.json | 27 - dist/Leverage.csv | 6 - dist/Supergirl.xml | 18 - dist/index.html | 2531 ----------------------------------- publish.js | 30 +- 11 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 5199 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv delete mode 100644 dist/20210518/Friends.json delete mode 100644 dist/20210518/Leverage.csv delete mode 100644 dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml delete mode 100644 dist/20210518/index.html delete mode 100644 dist/DBPedia.csv delete mode 100644 dist/Friends.json delete mode 100644 dist/Leverage.csv delete mode 100644 dist/Supergirl.xml delete mode 100644 dist/index.html diff --git a/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv b/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv deleted file mode 100644 index c043bf3..0000000 --- a/dist/20210518/DBPedia.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch diff --git a/dist/20210518/Friends.json b/dist/20210518/Friends.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8e55449..0000000 --- a/dist/20210518/Friends.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "id": 0, - "name": "Monica Geller", - "age": 33 - }, - { - "id": 1, - "name": "Rachel Green", - "age": 34 - }, - { - "id": 2, - "name": "Joey Tribbiani", - "age": 35 - }, - { - "id": 3, - "name": "Chandler Bing", - "age": 36 - }, - { - "id": 4, - "name": "Ross Geller", - "age": 37 - } -] diff --git a/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv b/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 024b34b..0000000 --- a/dist/20210518/Leverage.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -id;name;nickname -0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind -1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter -2;Eliot Spender;Hitter -3;Parker;Thief -4;Alec Hardison;Hacker diff --git a/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml b/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 1e70bb4..0000000 --- a/dist/20210518/Supergirl.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ - - - Kara Danvers - Supergirl - - - Alex Danvers - Sentinel - - - J'onn J'onzz - Martian Manhunter - - - Nia Nal - Dreamer - - diff --git a/dist/20210518/index.html b/dist/20210518/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 5066254..0000000 --- a/dist/20210518/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2531 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -Target in RML - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    -

    Target in RML

    - -

    - Unofficial Draft - -

    -
    - -
    Latest editor's draft:
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
    - - - - - -
    Editors:
    -
    - (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) -
    - (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) -
    - - -
    This Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ -
    Previous Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ -
    Website
    - https://rml.io/target-in-rml -
    -
    - - - -

    - This document is licensed under a - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License - (CC-BY). -

    -
    -
    -

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] -to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph -should be directed and exported. -The current document describes how Target is integrated -with RML through definitions and examples.

    The version of this document is v1.0.0.

    - -

    Status of This Document

    - This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official - standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of - any standards organization. -

    -

    This is an early draft, -yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -
    - -

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    - The key word MAY in this document - is to be interpreted as described in - BCP 14 - [RFC2119] [RFC8174] - when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. -

    - -

    2. Overview

    This section is non-normative.

    This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML -to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported -in the RML mapping rules. -Target and RML are self-standing specifications -which are aligned through this specification.

    In this document, examples assume -the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    PrefixNamespace
    rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
    rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
    formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
    foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
    fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
    idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
    voidhttp://rdfs.org/ns/void#
    exhttp://example.org/ns#
    schemahttp://schema.org/

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. -Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.
    - -

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, -each RML processor has its own way to describe this information -through configuration files or command line parameters. -To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, -RML is aligned with the -Target vocabulary -which describes how the generated triples are exported. -RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary -by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property -to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. -A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term -from a logical reference [RML]. -The result of that function is known as the term map's generated -RDF term [RDF-Concepts] -such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

    A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties -to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. -The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying -multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets -in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple -(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). -Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map -or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, -the processor falls back to the default target, -as it is specified through the processor's -specific configuration file or command line parameters. -If a mapping document contains at least one Target, -the processor will export the triples to these Targets, -triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, -are exported to the default target of the processor.

    - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    PropertyDomainRange
    rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget

    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph. -The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary, -transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings, -and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary. -The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target, -and as Turtle to the second Target. -The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip -compression algorithm.

    id;name;nickname
-0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
-1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
-2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
-3;Parker;Thief
-4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
-  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
-  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
-    csvw:delimiter ";";
-    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
-    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
-  ];
-.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    rr:class foaf:Person;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
-    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
-    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
-@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
-
-<http://example.org/0>
-  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
-.
-<http://example.org/1>
-  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
-.
-<http://example.org/2>
-  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
-.
-<http://example.org/3>
-  foaf:name "Parker";
-.
-<http://example.org/4>
-  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
-.
    - -

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. -In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, -therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported -to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated subject http://example.org/{id} -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported -to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump -with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
-@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
-@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
-
-<http://example.org/0>
-  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
-.
-<http://example.org/1>
-  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
-.
-<http://example.org/2>
-  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
-.
-<http://example.org/3>
-  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
-.
-<http://example.org/4>
-  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
-.
-
-# default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported -to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump -with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
-
-# default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets -in the Graph Map [RML]. -The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples -may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must -support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. -When a Target contains a serialization format -which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, -the mapping is considered invalid. -If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, -all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. -In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, -they are added to the default graph as specified -by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rr:graphMap [
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-      rr:constant ex:Friends;
-    ];
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets -in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag -to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-        rr:constant "en";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
-
-# default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .
    - -

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple -in the same or multiple Term Maps. -If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, -all triples containing the generated Term are exported -to all the specified Targets. -In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, -the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. -If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, -the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple -Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, -all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported -to the three specified Targets:

      -
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • -
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • -
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • -
    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
-  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
-.
-<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
-  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
-[
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "Nia Nal"
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-]
-
-# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
-    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
-    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
-    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
-    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
-    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference name/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or -predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. -The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor -as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing -foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-        rr:constant "en";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-
-# default target of processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-        rr:constant "en";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    - -

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, -therefore Targets can be overridden when needed -by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or -by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets -by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, -but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name -are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate -schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
-actor,name,nickname
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
-  sd:endpoint ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
-  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
-.
-
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
-    rml:query """
-      PREFIX dbo: 
-      PREFIX rdf: 
-      PREFIX rdfs: 
-      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
-        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
-        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
-        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
-        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
-      }
-    """;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rml:reference "actor";
-    rr:termType rr:IRI;
-    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-
-<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
-    rml:query """
-      PREFIX dbo: 
-      PREFIX rdf: 
-      PREFIX rdfs: 
-      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
-        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
-        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
-        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
-        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
-      }
-    """;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rml:reference "actor";
-    rr:termType rr:IRI;
-    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant schema:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples -only under certain conditions. -Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, -thus conditions apply on Targets as well. -Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. -Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported -to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported -to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
-actor,name,nickname
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
-  sd:endpoint ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
-  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
-.
-
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
-    rml:query """
-      PREFIX dbo: 
-      PREFIX rdf: 
-      PREFIX rdfs: 
-      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
-        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
-        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
-        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
-        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
-      }
-    """;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rml:reference "actor";
-    rr:termType rr:IRI;
-    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      fnml:functionValue [
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
-          rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "name";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-          ];
-        ];
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      fnml:functionValue [
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
-          rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "name";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-          ];
-        ];
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
    - - - -

    A. References

    -

    A.1 Normative references

    -
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/
    -
    -

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    -
    \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dist/DBPedia.csv b/dist/DBPedia.csv deleted file mode 100644 index c043bf3..0000000 --- a/dist/DBPedia.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik -http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch diff --git a/dist/Friends.json b/dist/Friends.json deleted file mode 100644 index 8e55449..0000000 --- a/dist/Friends.json +++ /dev/null @@ -1,27 +0,0 @@ -[ - { - "id": 0, - "name": "Monica Geller", - "age": 33 - }, - { - "id": 1, - "name": "Rachel Green", - "age": 34 - }, - { - "id": 2, - "name": "Joey Tribbiani", - "age": 35 - }, - { - "id": 3, - "name": "Chandler Bing", - "age": 36 - }, - { - "id": 4, - "name": "Ross Geller", - "age": 37 - } -] diff --git a/dist/Leverage.csv b/dist/Leverage.csv deleted file mode 100644 index 024b34b..0000000 --- a/dist/Leverage.csv +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6 +0,0 @@ -id;name;nickname -0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind -1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter -2;Eliot Spender;Hitter -3;Parker;Thief -4;Alec Hardison;Hacker diff --git a/dist/Supergirl.xml b/dist/Supergirl.xml deleted file mode 100644 index 1e70bb4..0000000 --- a/dist/Supergirl.xml +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ - - - Kara Danvers - Supergirl - - - Alex Danvers - Sentinel - - - J'onn J'onzz - Martian Manhunter - - - Nia Nal - Dreamer - - diff --git a/dist/index.html b/dist/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index adfc9f6..0000000 --- a/dist/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2531 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -Target in RML - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    -

    Target in RML

    - -

    - Unofficial Draft - -

    -
    - -
    Latest editor's draft:
    https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml
    - - - - - -
    Editors:
    -
    - (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) -
    - (Ghent University – imec – IDLab) -
    - - -
    This Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ -
    Previous Version
    - https://rml.io/specs/target-in-rml/20210518/ -
    Website
    - https://rml.io/target-in-rml -
    -
    - - - -

    - This document is licensed under a - Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License - (CC-BY). -

    -
    -
    -

    Abstract

    This document describes a formal representation to align the -RDF Mapping Language [RML] with Target [DataIO] -to describe in RML mapping rules how a generated Knowledge Graph -should be directed and exported. -The current document describes how Target is integrated -with RML through definitions and examples.

    The version of this document is v1.0.0.

    - -

    Status of This Document

    - This document is a draft of a potential specification. It has no official - standing of any kind and does not represent the support or consensus of - any standards organization. -

    -

    This is an early draft, -yet efforts are made to keep things stable.

    -
    - -

    1. Conformance

    As well as sections marked as non-normative, all authoring guidelines, diagrams, examples, and notes in this specification are non-normative. Everything else in this specification is normative.

    - The key word MAY in this document - is to be interpreted as described in - BCP 14 - [RFC2119] [RFC8174] - when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. -

    - -

    2. Overview

    This section is non-normative.

    This document describes the alignment of Target specification with RML -to define how a generated RDF knowledge graph must be exported -in the RML mapping rules. -Target and RML are self-standing specifications -which are aligned through this specification.

    In this document, examples assume -the following namespace prefix bindings unless otherwise stated:

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    PrefixNamespace
    rmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml#
    rmlthttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-target#
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    rrhttp://www.w3.org/ns/r2rml#
    formatshttps://www.w3.org/ns/formats/
    comphttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/rml-compression#
    csvwhttp://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
    foafhttp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
    fnmlhttp://semweb.mmlab.be/ns/fnml#
    idlab-fnhttp://example.com/idlab/function/
    voidhttp://rdfs.org/ns/void#
    exhttp://example.org/ns#
    schemahttp://schema.org/

    Examples are divided in several boxes, each box has its own color. -Blue boxes contain the input RDF data of the example:

    # This box contains the example's input RDF data.

    The Target description is contained in a pink box:

    # This box contains the example's Target description.

    The data access description is contained in a grey box:

    # This box contains the data access description of the example.

    The RML mapping is contained in a yellow box:

    # This box contains the example's RML mapping.

    The generated output RDF is contained in a green box:

    # This box contains the example's generated output RDF.
    - -

    3. Target in RML

    RML does not specify where generated triples are exported to, -each RML processor has its own way to describe this information -through configuration files or command line parameters. -To incorporate this information in the RML mapping rules, -RML is aligned with the -Target vocabulary -which describes how the generated triples are exported. -RML is aligned with the Target vocabulary -by extending rr:TermMap with the rml:logicalTarget property -to describe on Term Map [RML] level where each triple must be directed to. -A Term Map is a function that generates an RDF term -from a logical reference [RML]. -The result of that function is known as the term map's generated -RDF term [RDF-Concepts] -such as subjects, predicates, objects, named graphs and language tags.

    A Term Map MAY also contain zero or more rml:logicalTarget properties -to export all triples containing the generated term to different targets. -The same Term Map can have multiple targets by specifying -multiple rml:logicalTarget properties in the Term Map.

    Multiple Targets MAY be combined by specifying multiple Targets -in the same Term Map or multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple -(Section § 5. Combining multiple Targets). -Targets MAY be overriden by using a separate Triples Map -or conditions [FnO] (Section § 6. Overriding Targets).

    If the mapping document contains no Targets, -the processor falls back to the default target, -as it is specified through the processor's -specific configuration file or command line parameters. -If a mapping document contains at least one Target, -the processor will export the triples to these Targets, -triples which do not have one or more Target(s) assigned, -are exported to the default target of the processor.

    - - - - - - - - - - - - -
    PropertyDomainRange
    rml:logicalTargetrr:TermMaprmlt:LogicalTarget

    In the example below, a CSV file is transformed into a knowledge graph. -The CSV file is accessed using the [CSVW] vocabulary, -transformed into a knowledge graph using [RML] mappings, -and exported to two Targets, which are accessed through the [VoID] vocabulary. -The knowledge graph is exported as N-Quads to the first Target, -and as Turtle to the second Target. -The Turtle file of the second Target is also compressed using the Zip -compression algorithm.

    id;name;nickname
-0;Nathan Ford;Mastermind
-1;Sophie Devereaux;Grifter
-2;Eliot Spender;Hitter
-3;Parker;Thief
-4;Alec Hardison;Hacker
    <#CSVSourceAccess> a csvw:Table;
-  csvw:url "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Leverage.csv";
-  csvw:dialect [ a csvw:Dialect;
-    csvw:delimiter ";";
-    csvw:encoding "UTF-8";
-    csvw:header "1"^^xsd:boolean;
-  ];
-.
    @base <http://example.com/ns#> .
-
-<#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#CSVSourceAccess>;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.com/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    rr:class foaf:Person;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset;
-    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset;
-    void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nathan Ford" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Mastermind" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sophie Devereaux" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Grifter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Eliot Spencer" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hitter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Parker" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Thief" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alec Hardison" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Hacker" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.ttl.zip
-@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
-
-<http://example.org/0>
-  foaf:name "Nathan Ford";
-.
-<http://example.org/1>
-  foaf:name "Sophie Devereaux";
-.
-<http://example.org/2>
-  foaf:name "Eliot Spencer";
-.
-<http://example.org/3>
-  foaf:name "Parker";
-.
-<http://example.org/4>
-  foaf:name "Alec Hardison";
-.
    - -

    4. Single targets

    In the following examples, the RDF triples are exported to a single Target. -In some examples, not all RDF triples have a dedicated Target assigned, -therefore, they will be exported to the default Target of the processor.

    4.1 Subject Map

    All triples containing the generated subject are exported -to the specified targets in the Subject Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated subject http://example.org/{id} -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format and GZip compression:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Quads;
-  rmlt:compression comp:gzip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq.gz>;
-.
    <http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.2 Predicate Map

    All triples containing the generated predicate are exported -to the specified targets in the Predicate Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated predicate foaf:name to an RDF dump -with Turtle as serialization format and Zip compression:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:Turtle;
-  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.ttl.zip
-@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
-@base <http://example.com/ns#> .
-
-<http://example.org/0>
-  foaf:name "Monica Geller";
-.
-<http://example.org/1>
-  foaf:name "Rachel Green";
-.
-<http://example.org/2>
-  foaf:name "Joey Tribbiani";
-.
-<http://example.org/3>
-  foaf:name "Chandler Bing";
-.
-<http://example.org/4>
-  foaf:name "Ross Geller";
-.
-
-# default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.3 Object Map

    All triples containing the generated object are exported -to the specified targets in the Object Map [RML].

    The following example exports all triples containing -the generated object from the reference name to an RDF dump -with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller" .
-
-# default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .

    4.4 Graph Map

    All triples within a named graph are exported to the specified targets -in the Graph Map [RML]. -The named graph influences to where the named graph's triples -may be exported to as the Target's serialization format must -support named graphs such as N-Quads, JSON-LD or TriG. -When a Target contains a serialization format -which does not support named graphs and a Graph Map is used, -the mapping is considered invalid. -If a named graph is spread over multiple targets, -all targets must be combined to access the complete named graph. -In case RDF triples are not within a specific named graph, -they are added to the default graph as specified -by the [R2RML] specification.

    The following example exports all triples in the named graph ex:Friends -to an RDF dump with N-Quads as serialization format:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-    rr:graphMap [
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-      rr:constant ex:Friends;
-    ];
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" <http://example.org/Friends> .

    4.5 Language Map

    All triples with a language tag are exported to the specified targets -in the Language Map [RML].

    The following examples export all triples with a language tag -to a RDF dump with N-Triples as serialization format:

    [
-  { 
-    "id": 0,
-    "name": "Monica Geller",
-    "age": 33
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 1,
-    "name": "Rachel Green",
-    "age": 34
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 2,
-    "name": "Joey Tribbiani",
-    "age": 35
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 3,
-    "name": "Chandler Bing",
-    "age": 36
-  },
-  { 
-    "id": 4,
-    "name": "Ross Geller",
-    "age": 37
-  }
-]
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Friends.json";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{id}";
-   ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-        rr:constant "en";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:age;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "age";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Monica Geller"@en .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Rachel Green"@en .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Joey Tribbiani"@en .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Chandler Bing"@en .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Ross Geller"@en .
-
-# default target of the processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "33" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "34" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "35" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "36" .
-<http://example.org/4> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/age> "37" .
    - -

    5. Combining multiple Targets

    Multiple Targets MAY be specified for the same triple -in the same or multiple Term Maps. -If multiple Targets are defined in the same Term Map, -all triples containing the generated Term are exported -to all the specified Targets. -In case multiple Term Maps of the same RDF triple contain more than one Target, -the generated triples are exported to all the specified Targets. -If multiple Term Maps of an RDF triple refer multiple times to the same Target, -the RDF triple is written only once to the target to avoid duplicates.

    5.1 Multiple Targets in the same Term Map

    All triples are exported to all Targets, if the Term Map contains multiple -Targets. In the example a Subject Map has three specified Targets, -all triples with the subject http://example.org/{@id} are exported -to the three specified Targets:

      -
    • Target 1: /data/dump.nt.zip, N-Triples serialization, Zip compression
      • -
    • Target 2: /data/dump.jsonld.tar.xz, JSON-LD serialization, TarXz compression
      • -
    • Target 3: /data/dump.rdf.tar.gzip, RDF/XML serialization, TarGZip compression
      • -
    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump3>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-  rmlt:compression comp:zip;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:JSON-LD;
-  rmlt:compression comp:tarxz;
-.
-<#TargetDump3> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:RDF_XML;
-  rmlt:compression comp:targzip;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt.zip>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump3> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt.zip
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.jsonld.tar.xz
-[
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/0",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "Kara Danvers"
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/1",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "Alex Danvers"
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/2",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "J'onn J'onzz"
-      }
-    ]
-  },
-  {
-    "@id": "http://example.org/3",
-    "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name": [
-      {
-        "@value": "Nia Nal"
-      }
-    ]
-  }
-]
-
-# file:///data/dump3.rdf.tar.gz
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
-<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
-    xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/0">
-    <foaf:name>Kara Danvers</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/1">
-    <foaf:name>Alex Danvers</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/2">
-    <foaf:name>J'onn J'onzz</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/3">
-    <foaf:name>Nia Nal</foaf:name>
-  </rdf:Description>
-</rdf:RDF>

    5.2 Subject Map and Predicate Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.3 Subject Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference name/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.4 Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.5 Subject Map, Predicate Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() or -predicate foaf:nickname are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .

    5.6 Subject Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the subject http://example.org/{@id} -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-    rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.7 Predicate Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.8 Object Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .

    5.9 Language Map and Graph Map

    All triples containing the language tag en -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump2. -The other triples are exported to the default target of the processor -as there is no dedicated Target assigned to triples containing -foaf:nickname as predicate.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-        rr:constant "en";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en <http://example.org/Characters> .
-
-# default target of processor
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" _b0 .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" _b0 .

    5.10 Language Map and Object Map

    All triples containing the language tag en -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:languageMap [
-        rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-        rr:constant "en";
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers"@en .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers"@en .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz"@en .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal"@en .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.11 Multiple Predicate Maps

    All triples containing the predicate foaf:name -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the predicate foaf:nickname -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.12 Multiple Object Maps

    All triples containing the object reference name/text() -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples containing the object reference nickname/text() -are exported to TargetDump2.

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" .

    5.13 Multiple Graph Maps

    All triples within the named graph ex:Characters -are exported to TargetDump1 -and all triples within the named graph ex:NickNames -are exported to TargetDump2. 

    <Supergirl>
-  <Character id="0">
-    <name>Kara Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Supergirl</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="1">
-    <name>Alex Danvers</name>
-    <nickname>Sentinel</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="2">
-    <name>J'onn J'onzz</name>
-    <nickname>Martian Manhunter</nickname>
-  </Character>
-  <Character id="3">
-    <name>Nia Nal</name>
-    <nickname>Dreamer</nickname>
-  </Character> 
-</Supergirl>
    <#DCATSourceAccess> a dcat:Dataset;
-  dcat:distribution [ a dcat:Distribution;
-    dcat:downloadURL "https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/Supergirl.xml";
-  ];
-.
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#DCATSourceAccess>;
-    rml:referenceFormulation ql:JSONPath;
-    rml:iterator "$.[*]";
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rr:template "http://example.org/{@id}";
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-      rr:constant ex:Characters;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:graphMap [ a rr:GraphMap;
-      rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-      rr:constant ex:NickNames;
-    ];
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:nickname;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "nickname/text()";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nq>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kara Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Alex Danvers" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "J'onn J'onzz" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Nia Nal" <http://example.org/Characters> .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nq
-<http://example.org/0> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Supergirl" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
-<http://example.org/1> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Sentinel" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
-<http://example.org/2> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Martian Manhunter" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
-<http://example.org/3> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/nickname> "Dreamer" <http://example.org/Nicknames> .
    - -

    6. Overriding Targets

    In some cases exporting all triples to a target is not desired, -therefore Targets can be overridden when needed -by either using a separate Triples Map which isolates certain triples or -by using FnO functions [FnO] as conditions.

    6.1 Separate Triples Map

    Triples can be exported to a specific Target while not to other Targets -by isolating these triples in a separate Triples Map.

    In this example, the same subject and object are used in both Triples Maps, -but with a diffent predicate. The triples with the first predicate foaf:name -are exported to the first Target and the triples with the second predicate -schema:name to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
-actor,name,nickname
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
-  sd:endpoint ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
-  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
-.
-
    <#TriplesMap1> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
-    rml:query """
-      PREFIX dbo: 
-      PREFIX rdf: 
-      PREFIX rdfs: 
-      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
-        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
-        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
-        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
-        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
-      }
-    """;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rml:reference "actor";
-    rr:termType rr:IRI;
-    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-
-<#TriplesMap2> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
-    rml:query """
-      PREFIX dbo: 
-      PREFIX rdf: 
-      PREFIX rdfs: 
-      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
-        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
-        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
-        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
-        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
-      }
-    """;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rml:reference "actor";
-    rr:termType rr:IRI;
-    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump2>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant schema:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-.
-
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nq>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Laura Spencer" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Simon Helberg" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Melissa Rauch" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman> <http://schema.org/name> "Kevin Sussman" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://schema.org/name> "Jim Parsons" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://schema.org/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert> <http://schema.org/name> "Sara Gilbert" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar> <http://schema.org/name> "Kunal Nayyar" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer> <http://schema.org/name> "Laura Spencer" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg> <http://schema.org/name> "Simon Helberg" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki> <http://schema.org/name> "Johnny Galecki" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik> <http://schema.org/name> "Mayim Bialik" .
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch> <http://schema.org/name> "Melissa Rauch" .

    6.2 Conditions

    FnO functions MAY be leveraged to export triples -only under certain conditions. -Conditions are already integrated in RML+FnO processors, -thus conditions apply on Targets as well. -Triples are generated and exported based on the FnO condition's evaluation. -Only if the condition is true, the triples are generated and exported.

    In the example, the triples with Jim Parsons as object are exported -to the first Target, triples with Kaley Cuoco as object are exported -to the second Target.

    # Results of DBPedia SPARQL query
-actor,name,nickname
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kevin_Sussman,Kevin Sussman
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons,Jim Parsons
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco,Kaley Cuoco
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sara_Gilbert,Sara Gilbert
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kunal_Nayyar,Kunal Nayyar
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laura_Spencer_(actress),Laura Spencer
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Simon_Helberg,Simon Helberg
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Johnny_Galecki,Johnny Galecki
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mayim_Bialik,Mayim Bialik
-http://dbpedia.org/resource/Melissa_Rauch,Melissa Rauch
    <#SDSourceAccess> a sd:Service;
-  sd:endpoint ;
-  sd:supportedLanguage sd:SPARQL11Query;
-  sd:resultFormat formats:SPARQL_Results_CSV;
-.
-
    <#TriplesMap> a rr:TriplesMap;
-  rml:logicalSource [ a rml:LogicalSource;
-    rml:source <#SDSourceAccess>;
-    rml:query """
-      PREFIX dbo: 
-      PREFIX rdf: 
-      PREFIX rdfs: 
-      SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?name WHERE {
-        ?tvshow rdf:type dbo:TelevisionShow .
-        ?tvshow rdfs:label "The Big Bang Theory"@en .
-        ?tvshow dbo:starring ?actor .
-        ?actor foaf:name ?name .
-      }
-    """;
-  ];
-  rr:subjectMap [ a rr:SubjectMap;
-    rml:reference "actor";
-    rr:termType rr:IRI;
-    rmlt:logicalTarget <TargetDump1>;
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ a rr:PredicateObjectMap;
-    rr:predicateMap [ a rr:PredicateMap;
-      rr:constant foaf:name;
-    ];
-    rr:objectMap [ a rr:ObjectMap;
-      rml:reference "name";
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      fnml:functionValue [
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Jim Parsons"]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
-          rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "name";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump1>;
-          ];
-        ];
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-  rr:predicateObjectMap [ 
-    rr:predicateMap [ rr:constant foaf:name ];
-    rr:objectMap [
-      fnml:functionValue [
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate fno:executes ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant idlab-fn:decide ]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:expectedStr ;
-          rr:objectMap [ rr:constant "Kaley Cuoco"]
-        ];
-        rr:predicateObjectMap [
-          rr:predicate idlab-fn:str ;
-          rr:objectMap [ 
-            rml:reference "name";
-            rml:logicalTarget <#TargetDump2>;
-          ];
-        ];
-      ];
-    ];
-  ];
-
    <#TargetDump1> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump1>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
-<#TargetDump2> a rmlt:LogicalTarget;
-  rmlt:target <#VoIDDump2>;
-  rmlt:serialization formats:N-Triples;
-.
    <#VoIDDump1> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump1.nt>;
-.
-<#VoIDDump2> a void:Dataset ;
-  void:dataDump <file:///data/dump2.nt>;
-.
    # file:///data/dump1.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jim_Parsons> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Jim Parsons" .
-
-# file:///data/dump2.nt
-<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kaley_Cuoco> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Kaley Cuoco" .
    - - - -

    A. References

    -

    A.1 Normative references

    -
    [CSVW]
    CSV on the Web: A Primer. W3C. 25 February 2016. W3C Working Group Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/tabular-data-primer/
    [FnO]
    The Function Ontology. FnO team. 05 January 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://fno.io/spec
    [R2RML]
    R2RML: RDB to RDF Mapping Language. Souripriya Das; Seema Sundara; Richard Cyganiak. W3C. 27 September 2012. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
    [RDF-Concepts]
    Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax. Graham Klyne; Jeremy Carroll. W3C. 10 February 2004. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/
    [RFC2119]
    Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. S. Bradner. IETF. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
    [RFC8174]
    Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words. B. Leiba. IETF. May 2017. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8174
    [RML]
    RDF Mapping Language (RML). RML team. 06 October 2020. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/rml
    [VoID]
    Describing Linked Datasets with the VoID Vocabulary. Keith Alexander; Richard Cyganiak; Michael Hausenblas; Jun Zhao. W3C. 3 March 2011. W3C Note. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/void/
    -
    -

    A.2 Informative references

    -
    [DataIO]
    DataIO. Dylan Van Assche; Anastasia Dimou. RML team. 24 March 2021. Unofficial Draft. URL: https://rml.io/specs/dataio
    -
    \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/publish.js b/publish.js index 08708f3..3d686d8 100644 --- a/publish.js +++ b/publish.js @@ -9,18 +9,18 @@ var path = require('path'); var dateString = (new Date()).toISOString().split('T')[0].replace(/-/g, ''); try { - if (!fs.existsSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'))) { - fs.mkdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist')); + if (!fs.existsSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs'))) { + fs.mkdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs')); } - fs.mkdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString)); + fs.mkdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', dateString)); } catch (e) { } -var files = fs.readdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist')); +var files = fs.readdirSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs')); var dirs = []; for (var i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { - if (fs.lstatSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', files[i])).isDirectory()) { + if (fs.lstatSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', files[i])).isDirectory()) { dirs.push(files[i]); } } @@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ if (dirs.length == 0) { var html = fs.readFileSync ('./rendered.html', 'utf8'); html = html.replace (/%thisDate%/g, dateString); html = html.replace (/%prevDate%/g, dirs[0]); -fs.writeFileSync (path.resolve (__dirname, 'dist', 'index.html'), html); +fs.writeFileSync (path.resolve (__dirname, 'docs', 'index.html'), html); html = html.replace (/\.\/resources/g, '../resources'); -fs.writeFileSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString, 'index.html'), html); +fs.writeFileSync (path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', dateString, 'index.html'), html); // Copy assets -fs.copyFileSync('Supergirl.xml', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString, 'Supergirl.xml')) -fs.copyFileSync('Supergirl.xml', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', 'Supergirl.xml')) -fs.copyFileSync('Leverage.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString, 'Leverage.csv')) -fs.copyFileSync('Leverage.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', 'Leverage.csv')) -fs.copyFileSync('Friends.json', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString, 'Friends.json')) -fs.copyFileSync('Friends.json', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', 'Friends.json')) -fs.copyFileSync('DBPedia.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', dateString, 'DBPedia.csv')) -fs.copyFileSync('DBPedia.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist', 'DBPedia.csv')) +fs.copyFileSync('Supergirl.xml', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', dateString, 'Supergirl.xml')) +fs.copyFileSync('Supergirl.xml', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', 'Supergirl.xml')) +fs.copyFileSync('Leverage.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', dateString, 'Leverage.csv')) +fs.copyFileSync('Leverage.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', 'Leverage.csv')) +fs.copyFileSync('Friends.json', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', dateString, 'Friends.json')) +fs.copyFileSync('Friends.json', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', 'Friends.json')) +fs.copyFileSync('DBPedia.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', dateString, 'DBPedia.csv')) +fs.copyFileSync('DBPedia.csv', path.resolve(__dirname, 'docs', 'DBPedia.csv')) From 19cb883582c825c3be7b17e8546dde360244b00f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Chaves Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2022 10:17:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 39/39] Update README.md --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index dfaa058..9774e20 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # Target in RML specification -Repository for https://rml.io/specs/rml-target/ +Repository for https://w3id.org/kg-construct/rml-target-source ## Quickstart