Fast, native, feature-rich terminal emulator pushing modern features.
About
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Developing
Ghostty is a cross-platform, GPU-accelerated terminal emulator that aims to push the boundaries of what is possible with a terminal emulator by exposing modern, opt-in features that enable CLI tool developers to build more feature rich, interactive applications.
There are a number of excellent terminal emulator options that exist today. The unique goal of Ghostty is to have a platform for experimenting with modern, optional, non-standards-compliant features to enhance the capabilities of CLI applications. We aim to be the best in this category, and competitive in the rest.
While aiming for this ambitious goal, our first step is to make Ghostty one of the best fully standards compliant terminal emulator, remaining compatible with all existing shells and software while supporting all of the latest terminal innovations in the ecosystem. You can use Ghostty as a drop-in replacement for your existing terminal emulator.
Project Status: Ghostty is still in beta but implements most of the features you'd expect for a daily driver. We currently have hundreds of active beta users using Ghostty as their primary terminal. See more in Roadmap and Status.
Platform / Package | Links | Notes |
---|---|---|
macOS | Tip ("Nightly") | MacOS 13+ Universal Binary |
Linux | Build from Source | |
Linux (NixOS/Nix) | Use the Flake | |
Linux (Arch) | Use the AUR package | |
Windows | Build from Source | Notes |
To configure Ghostty, you must use a configuration file. GUI-based configuration
is on the roadmap but not yet supported. The configuration file must be
placed at $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/ghostty/config
, which defaults to
~/.config/ghostty/config
if the XDG environment is not set.
The file format is documented below as an example:
# The syntax is "key = value". The whitespace around the equals doesn't matter.
background = 282c34
foreground= ffffff
# Comments start with a `#` and are only valid on their own line.
# Blank lines are ignored!
keybind = ctrl+z=close_surface
keybind = ctrl+d=new_split:right
# Empty values reset the configuration to the default value
font-family =
# Colors can be changed by setting the 16 colors of `palette`, which each color
# being defined as regular and bold.
#
# black
palette = 0=#1d2021
palette = 8=#7c6f64
# red
palette = 1=#cc241d
palette = 9=#fb4934
# green
palette = 2=#98971a
palette = 10=#b8bb26
# yellow
palette = 3=#d79921
palette = 11=#fabd2f
# blue
palette = 4=#458588
palette = 12=#83a598
# purple
palette = 5=#b16286
palette = 13=#d3869b
# aqua
palette = 6=#689d6a
palette = 14=#8ec07c
# white
palette = 7=#a89984
palette = 15=#fbf1c7
You can view all available configuration options and their documentation
by executing the command ghostty +show-config --default --docs
. Note that
this will output the full default configuration with docs to stdout, so
you may want to pipe that through a pager, an editor, etc.
Note
You'll see a lot of weird blank configurations like font-family =
. This
is a valid syntax to specify the default behavior (no value). The
+show-config
outputs it so it's clear that key is defaulting and also
to have something to attach the doc comment to.
You can also see and read all available configuration options in the source Config structure. The available keys are the keys verbatim, and their possible values are typically documented in the comments. You also can search for the public config files of many Ghostty users for examples and inspiration.
Note
Configuration can be reloaded on the fly with the reload_config
command. Not all configuration options can change without restarting Ghostty.
Any options that require a restart should be documented.
If your configuration file has any errors, Ghostty does its best to ignore
them and move on. Configuration errors currently show up in the log. The
log is written directly to stderr, so it is up to you to figure out how to
access that for your system (for now). On macOS, you can also use the
system log
CLI utility. See the Mac App section for more
information.
You can verify that configuration is being properly loaded by looking at the debug output of Ghostty. Documentation for how to view the debug output is in the "building Ghostty" section at the end of the README.
In the debug output, you should see in the first 20 lines or so messages about loading (or not loading) a configuration file, as well as any errors it may have encountered. Configuration errors are also shown in a dedicated window on both macOS and Linux (GTK). Ghostty does not treat configuration errors as fatal and will fall back to default values for erroneous keys.
You can also view the full configuration Ghostty is loading using
ghostty +show-config
from the command-line. Use the --help
flag to
additional options for that command.
Ghostty ships with 300+ built-in themes (from
iTerm2 Color Schemes).
You can configure Ghostty to use any of these themes using the theme
configuration. Example:
theme = Solarized Dark - Patched
You can find a list of built-in themes using the +list-themes
action:
ghostty +list-themes
...
On macOS, the themes are built-in to the Ghostty.app
bundle. On Linux,
theme support requires a valid Ghostty resources dir ("share" directory).
More details about how to validate the resources directory on Linux
is covered in the shell integration section.
Any custom color configuration (palette
, background
, foreground
, etc.)
in your configuration files will override the theme settings. This can be
used to load a theme and fine-tune specific colors to your liking.
Interested in contributing a new theme or updating an existing theme? Please send theme changes upstream to the iTerm2 Color Schemes) repository. Ghostty periodically updates the themes from this source. Do not send theme changes to the Ghostty project directly.
Ghostty supports some features that require shell integration. I am aiming to support many of the features that Kitty supports for shell integration.
The currently supported shell integration features in Ghostty:
- We do not confirm close for windows where the cursor is at a prompt.
- New terminals start in the working directory of the previously focused terminal.
- Complex prompts resize correctly by allowing the shell to redraw the prompt line.
- Triple-click while holding control (Linux) or command (macOS) to select the output of a command.
- The cursor at the prompt is turned into a bar.
- The
jump_to_prompt
keybinding can be used to scroll the terminal window forward and back through prompts. - Alt+click (option+click on macOS) to move the cursor at the prompt.
sudo
is wrapped to preserve Ghostty terminfo (disabled by default)
Ghostty will automatically inject the shell integration code for bash
, zsh
and fish
. Other shells do not have shell integration code written but will
function fine within Ghostty with the above mentioned shell integration features
inoperative. If you want to disable automatic shell integration, set
shell-integration = none
in your configuration file.
Automatic bash
shell integration requires Bash version 4 or later and must be
explicitly enabled by setting shell-integration = bash
.
For the automatic shell integration to work, Ghostty must either be run
from the macOS app bundle or be installed in a location where the contents of
zig-out/share
are available somewhere above the directory where Ghostty
is running from. On Linux, this should automatically work if you run from
the zig-out
directory tree structure (a standard FHS-style tree).
You may also manually set the GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR
to point to the
zig-out/share/ghostty
contents. To validate this directory the file
$GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR/../terminfo/ghostty.terminfo
should exist.
To verify shell integration is working, look for the following log lines:
info(io_exec): using Ghostty resources dir from env var: /Applications/Ghostty.app/Contents/Resources
info(io_exec): shell integration automatically injected shell=termio.shell_integration.Shell.fish
If you see any of the following, something is not working correctly.
The main culprit is usually that GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR
is not pointing
to the right place.
ghostty terminfo not found, using xterm-256color
or
shell could not be detected, no automatic shell integration will be injected
Automatic shell integration as described in the previous section only works
for the initially launched shell when Ghostty is started. If you switch
shells within Ghostty, i.e. you manually run bash
or you use a command
like nix-shell
, the shell integration will be lost in that shell
(it will keep working in the original shell process).
To make shell integration work in these cases, you must manually source
the Ghostty shell-specific code at the top of your shell configuration
files. Ghostty will automatically set the GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR
environment
variable when it starts, so you can use this to (1) detect your shell
is launched within Ghostty and (2) to find the shell-integration.
For example, for bash, you'd put this at the top of your ~/.bashrc
:
# Ghostty shell integration for Bash. This must be at the top of your bashrc!
if [ -n "${GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR}" ]; then
builtin source "${GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR}/shell-integration/bash/ghostty.bash"
fi
Each shell integration's installation instructions are documented inline:
Shell | Integration |
---|---|
bash |
${GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR}/shell-integration/bash/ghostty.bash |
fish |
${GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR}/shell-integration/fish/vendor_conf.d/ghostty-shell-integration.fish |
zsh |
${GHOSTTY_RESOURCES_DIR}/shell-integration/zsh/ghostty-integration |
Ghostty ships with its own terminfo
entry to tell software about its capabilities. When that entry is detected,
Ghostty sets the TERM
environment variable to xterm-ghostty
.
If the Ghostty resources dir ("share" directory) is detected, Ghostty will
set a TERMINFO
environment variable so xterm-ghostty
properly advertises
the available capabilities of Ghostty. On macOS, this always happens because
the terminfo is embedded in the app bundle. On Linux, this depends on
appropriate installation (see the installation instructions).
If you use sudo
, sudo may reset your environment variables and you may see
an error about missing or unsuitable terminal: xterm-ghostty
when running
some programs. To resolve this, you must either configure sudo to preserve
the TERMINFO
environment variable, or you can use shell-integration with
the sudo
feature enabled and Ghostty will alias sudo to automatically do
this for you. To enable the shell-integration feature specify
shell-integration-features = sudo
in your configuration.
If you use SSH to connect to other machines that do not have Ghostty's terminfo
entry, you will see error messages like missing or unsuitable terminal: xterm-ghostty
.
Hopefully someday Ghostty will have terminfo entries pre-distributed everywhere, but in the meantime there are two ways to resolve the situation:
- Copy Ghostty's terminfo entry to the remote machine.
- Configure SSH to fall back to a known terminfo entry.
The following one-liner will export the terminfo entry from your host and import it on the remote machine:
infocmp -x | ssh YOUR-SERVER -- tic -x -
Note
macOS versions before Sonoma cannot use the system-bundled infocmp
.
The bundled version of ncurses
is too old to emit a terminfo entry that can be
read by more recent versions of tic
, and the command will fail with a bunch
of Illegal character
messages. You can fix this by using Homebrew to install
a recent version of ncurses
and replacing infocmp
above with the full path
/opt/homebrew/opt/ncurses/bin/infocmp
.
If copying around terminfo entries is untenable, you can override TERM
to a
fallback value using SSH config.
# .ssh/config
Host example.com
SetEnv TERM=xterm-256color
Requires OpenSSH 8.7 or newer. The 8.7 release added
support for setting TERM
via
SetEnv
.
Warning
Fallback does not support advanced terminal features. Because
xterm-256color
does not include all of Ghostty's capabilities, terminal
features beyond xterm's like colored and styled underlines will not work.
The high-level ambitious plan for the project, in order:
# | Step | Status |
---|---|---|
1 | Standards-compliant terminal emulation | β |
2 | Competitive performance | β |
3 | Basic customizability -- fonts, bg colors, etc. | β |
4 | Richer windowing features -- multi-window, tabbing, panes | β |
5 | Native Platform Experiences (i.e. Mac Preference Panel) | |
6 | Cross-platform libghostty for Embeddable Terminals |
|
7 | Windows Terminals (including PowerShell, Cmd, WSL) | β |
N | Fancy features (to be expanded upon later) | β |
Additional details for each step in the big roadmap below:
Ghostty implements enough control sequences to be used by hundreds of testers daily for over the past year. Further, we've done a comprehensive xterm audit comparing Ghostty's behavior to xterm and building a set of conformance test cases.
We believe Ghostty is one of the most compliant terminal emulators available.
Terminal behavior is partially a dejour standard (i.e. ECMA-48) but mostly a defacto standard as defined by popular terminal emulators worldwide. Ghostty takes the approach that our behavior is defined by (1) standards, if available, (2) xterm, if the feature exists, (3) other popular terminals, in that order. This defines what the Ghostty project views as a "standard."
We need better benchmarks to continuously verify this, but Ghostty is generally in the same performance category as the other highest performing terminal emulators.
For rendering, we have a multi-renderer architecture that uses OpenGL on Linux and Metal on macOS. As far as I'm aware, we're the only terminal emulator other than iTerm that uses Metal directly. And we're the only terminal emulator that has a Metal renderer that supports ligatures (iTerm uses a CPU renderer if ligatures are enabled). We can maintain around 60fps under heavy load and much more generally -- though the terminal is usually rendering much lower due to little screen changes.
For IO, we have a dedicated IO thread that maintains very little jitter
under heavy IO load (i.e. cat <big file>.txt
). On benchmarks for IO,
we're usually within a small margin of other fast terminal emulators.
For example, reading a dump of plain text is 4x faster compared to iTerm and
Kitty, and 2x faster than Terminal.app. Alacritty is very fast but we're still
around the same speed (give or take) and our app experience is much more
feature rich.
Note
Despite being very fast, there is a lot of room for improvement here. We still consider some aspects of our performance a "bug" and plan on taking a dedicated pass to improve performance before public release.
The Mac and Linux (build with GTK) apps support multi-window, tabbing, and splits.
Ghostty is a cross-platform terminal emulator but we don't aim for a least-common-denominator experience. There is a large, shared core written in Zig but we do a lot of platform-native things:
- The macOS app is a true SwiftUI-based application with all the things you would expect such as real windowing, menu bars, a settings GUI, etc.
- macOS uses a true Metal renderer with CoreText for font discovery.
- The Linux app is built with GTK.
There are more improvements to be made. The macOS settings window is still a work-in-progress. Similar improvements will follow with Linux.
In addition to being a standalone terminal emulator, Ghostty is a
C-compatible library for embedding a fast, feature-rich terminal emulator
in any 3rd party project. This library is called libghostty
.
This goal is not hypothetical! The macOS app is a libghostty
consumer.
The macOS app is a native Swift app developed in Xcode and main()
is
within Swift. The Swift app links to libghostty
and uses the C API to
render terminals.
This step encompasses expanding libghostty
support to more platforms
and more use cases. At the time of writing this, libghostty
is very
Mac-centric -- particularly around rendering -- and we have work to do to
expand this to other platforms.
Ghostty has a built-in crash reporter that will generate and save crash
reports to disk. The crash reports are saved to the $XDG_STATE_HOME/ghostty/crash
directory. If $XDG_STATE_HOME
is not set, the default is ~/.local/state
.
Crash reports are not automatically sent anywhere off your machine.
Crash reports are only generated the next time Ghostty is started after a crash. If Ghostty crashes and you want to generate a crash report, you must restart Ghostty at least once. You should see a message in the log that a crash report was generated.
Note
Use the ghostty +crash-report
CLI command to get a list of available crash
reports. A future version of Ghostty will make the contents of the crash
reports more easily viewable through the CLI and GUI.
Crash reports end in the .ghosttycrash
extension. The crash reports are in
Sentry envelope format. You can
upload these to your own Sentry account to view their contents, but the format
is also publicly documented so any other available tools can also be used.
The ghostty +crash-report
CLI command can be used to list any crash reports.
A future version of Ghostty will show you the contents of the crash report
directly in the terminal.
To send the crash report to the Ghostty project, you can use the following CLI command using the Sentry CLI:
SENTRY_DSN=https://e914ee84fd895c4fe324afa3e53dac76@o4507352570920960.ingest.us.sentry.io/4507850923638784 sentry-cli send-envelope --raw <path to ghostty crash>
Warning
The crash report can contain sensitive information. The report doesn't purposely contain sensitive information, but it does contain the full stack memory of each thread at the time of the crash. This information is used to rebuild the stack trace but can also contain sensitive data depending when the crash occurred.
To build Ghostty, you need Zig 0.13 installed.
On Linux, you may need to install additional dependencies. See
Linux Installation Tips. On macOS, you
need Xcode installed with the macOS and iOS SDKs enabled. See
Mac .app
.
The official development environment is defined by Nix. You do not need to use Nix to develop Ghostty, but the Nix environment is the environment which runs CI tests and builds release artifacts. Any development work on Ghostty must pass within these Nix environments.
Note
Zig 0.13 is required. Ghostty only guarantees that it can build against 0.13. Zig is still a fast-moving project so it is likely newer versions will not be able to build Ghostty yet. You can find binary releases of Zig release builds on the Zig downloads page.
With Zig and necessary dependencies installed, a binary can be built using
zig build
:
zig build
...
zig-out/bin/ghostty
This will build a binary for the currently running system (if supported).
Note: macOS does not result in a runnable binary with this command.
macOS builds produce a library (libghostty.a
) that is used by the Xcode
project in the macos
directory to produce the final Ghostty.app
.
On Linux or macOS, you can use zig build -Dapp-runtime=glfw run
for a quick
GLFW-based app for a faster development cycle while developing core
terminal features. Note that this app is missing many features and is also
known to crash in certain scenarios, so it is only meant for development
tasks.
Other useful commands:
zig build test
for running unit tests.zig build test -Dtest-filter=<filter>
for running a specific subset of those unit testszig build run -Dconformance=<name>
runs a conformance test case from theconformance
directory. Thename
is the name of the file. This runs in the current running terminal emulator so if you want to check the behavior of this project, you must run this command in Ghostty.
The normal build will be a debug build which includes a number of safety features as well as debugging features that dramatically slow down normal operation of the terminal (by as much as 100x). If you are building a terminal for day to day usage, build a release version:
zig build -Doptimize=ReleaseFast
...
You can verify you have a release version by checking the filesize of the
built binary (zig-out/bin/ghostty
). The release version should be less
than 5 MB on all platforms. The debug version is around 70MB.
When using the GTK runtime (-Dapp-runtime=gtk
) a release build will
use a single-instance application.
If you're developing Ghostty from inside a release build and build & launch a
new one that will not reflect the changes you made, but instead launch a new
window for the existing instance. You can disable this behaviour with the
--gtk-single-instance=false
flag or by adding gtk-single-instance = false
to
the configuration file.
On Linux, you'll need to install header packages for Ghostty's dependencies
before building it. Typically, these are only gtk4 and libadwaita (unless
building with -Dstatic=false
). On Ubuntu and Debian, use
sudo apt install libgtk-4-dev libadwaita-1-dev git
Note
A recent GTK is required for Ghostty to work with Nvidia (GL) drivers under x11. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS has GTK 4.6 which is not new enough. Ubuntu 23.10 has GTK 4.12 and works. From this discussion the problem was fixed in GTK by Dec 2022. Also, if you are a BTRFS user, make sure to manually upgrade your Kernel (6.6.6 will work). The stock kernel in Ubuntu 23.10 is 6.5.0 which has a bug which causes zig to fail its hash check for packages.
Warning
GTK 4.14 on Wayland has a bug which may cause an immediate crash.
There is an open issue
to track this GTK bug. You can workaround this issue by running ghostty with
GDK_DEBUG=gl-disable-gles ghostty
However, that fix may not work for you if the GTK version Ghostty is compiled against is too old, which mainly currently happens with development builds on NixOS.
If your build of Ghostty immediately crashes after launch, try looking
through the debug output. If running ./zig-out/bin/ghostty 2>&1 | grep "Unrecognized value"
result in the line Unrecognized value "gl-disable-gles". Try GDK_DEBUG=help
,
then the GTK version used is too old.
To fix this, you might need to manually tie the nixpkgs-stable
inputs to your
system's nixpkgs
in flake.nix
:
{
inputs = {
# nixpkgs-stable.url = "github:nixos/nixpkgs/release-23.05";
# Assumes your system nixpkgs is called "nixpkgs"
nixpkgs-stable.url = "nixpkgs";
}
}
On Arch Linux, use
sudo pacman -S gtk4 libadwaita
On Fedora variants, use
sudo dnf install gtk4-devel zig libadwaita-devel
On Fedora Atomic variants, use
rpm-ostree install gtk4-devel zig libadwaita-devel
If you're planning to use a build from source as your daily driver,
I recommend using the -p
(prefix) flag for zig build
to install
Ghostty into ~/.local
. This will setup the proper FHS directory structure
that ensures features such as shell integration, icons, GTK shortcuts, etc.
all work.
zig build -p $HOME/.local -Doptimize=ReleaseFast
...
With a typical Freedesktop-compatible desktop environment (i.e. Gnome,
KDE), this will make Ghostty available as an app in your app launcher.
Note, if you don't see it immediately you may have to log out and log back
in or maybe even restart. For my Gnome environment, it showed up within a
few seconds. For any other desktop environment, you can launch Ghostty
directly using ~/.local/bin/ghostty
.
If Ghostty fails to launch using an app icon in your app launcher,
ensure that ~/.local/bin
is on your system PATH
. The desktop environment
itself must have that path in the PATH
. Google for your specific desktop
environment and distribution to learn how to do that.
This isn't required, but ~/.local
is a directory that happens to be
on the search path for a lot of software (such as Gnome and KDE) and
installing into a prefix with -p
sets up a directory structure to ensure
all features of Ghostty work.
To build the official, fully featured macOS application, you must
build on a macOS machine with Xcode installed, and the active developer
directory pointing to it. If you're not sure that's the case, check the
output of xcode-select --print-path
:
xcode-select --print-path
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools # <-- BAD
sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
xcode-select --print-path
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer # <-- GOOD
The above can happen if you install the Xcode Command Line Tools after Xcode is installed. With that out of the way, make sure you have both the macOS and iOS SDKs installed (from inside Xcode β Settings β Platforms), and let's move on to building Ghostty:
zig build -Doptimize=ReleaseFast
cd macos && xcodebuild
Note
If you're using the Nix environment on macOS, xcodebuild
will
fail due to the linker environment variables Nix sets. You must
run the xcodebuild
command specifically outside of the Nix
environment.
This will output the app to macos/build/ReleaseLocal/Ghostty.app
.
This app will be not be signed or notarized.
Official continuous builds are available
that are both signed and notarized.
The "ReleaseLocal" build configuration is specifically for local release builds and disables some security features (such as "Library Validation") to make it easier to run without having to have a code signing identity and so on. These builds aren't meant for distribution. If you want a release build with all security features, I highly recommend you use the official continuous builds.
When running the app, logs are available via macOS unified logging such
as Console.app
. The easiest way I've found to view these is to just use the CLI:
sudo log stream --level debug --predicate 'subsystem=="com.mitchellh.ghostty"'
...
Windows support is still a work-in-progress. The current status is that a bare bones glfw-based build works! The experience with this build is super minimal: there are no native experiences, only a single window is supported, no tabs, etc. Therefore, the current status is simply that the core terminal experience works.
If you want to help with Windows development, please see the tracking issue. We plan on vastly improving this experience over time.
Ghostty's docs and resources (not including Zig code) are linted using Prettier with out-of-the-box settings. A Prettier CI check will fail builds with improper formatting. Therefore, if you are modifying anything Prettier will lint, you may want to install it locally and run this from the repo root before you commit:
prettier --write .
Make sure your Prettier version matches the version of Prettier in devShell.nix.
Nix users can use the following command to format with Prettier:
nix develop -c prettier --write .
Nix modules are formatted with Alejandra. An Alejandra CI check will fail builds with improper formatting.
Nix users can use the following command to format with Alejanda:
nix develop -c alejandra .
Non-Nix users should install Alejandra and use the following command to format with Alejandra:
alejandra .
Make sure your Alejandra version matches the version of Alejandra in devShell.nix.
There is Nix package that can be used in the flake (packages.ghostty
or packages.default
).
It can be used in NixOS configurations and otherwise built off of.
Below is an example:
{
inputs = {
nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
# NOTE: This will require your git SSH access to the repo.
#
# WARNING:
# Do NOT pin the `nixpkgs` input, as that will
# declare the cache useless. If you do, you will have
# to compile LLVM, Zig and Ghostty itself on your machine,
# which will take a very very long time.
#
# Additionally, if you use NixOS, be sure to **NOT**
# run `nixos-rebuild` as root! Root has a different Git config
# that will ignore any SSH keys configured for the current user,
# denying access to the repository.
#
# Instead, either run `nix flake update` or `nixos-rebuild build`
# as the current user, and then run `sudo nixos-rebuild switch`.
ghostty.url = "git+ssh://git@github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty";
};
outputs = { nixpkgs, ghostty, ... }: {
nixosConfigurations.mysystem = nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem {
modules = [
{
environment.systemPackages = [
ghostty.packages.x86_64-linux.default
];
}
];
};
};
}
You can also test the build of the nix package at any time by running nix build .
.
The Nix package depends on a fixed-output derivation that manages the Zig package cache. This allows the package to be built in the Nix sandbox.
Occasionally (usually when build.zig.zon
is updated), the hash that
identifies the cache will need to be updated. There are jobs that monitor the
hash in CI, and builds will fail if it drifts.
To update it, you can run the following in the repository root:
./nix/build-support/check-zig-cache-hash.sh --update
This will write out the nix/zigCacheHash.nix
file with the updated hash
that can then be committed and pushed to fix the builds.