A curated collection of archaeological disciplines, methods, and techniques, along with key resources for learning, research, and tools. This repository aims to serve archaeologists, students, and enthusiasts by providing comprehensive knowledge and open-source resources on various fields of archaeology.
This repository compiles useful resources across a wide range of archaeological fields and methods. From traditional excavation techniques to cutting-edge digital archaeology, we’ve organized key references, courses, tools, and guides in one place to support both academic and practical archaeological work.
It includes:
- Disciplines A-Z: A complete list of archaeological fields with definitions, books, courses, and societies.
- Methods and Techniques: Will include detailed methods like geophysical survey, stratigraphy, and 3D modelling etc. in the future.
The repository is regularly updated and contributions are highly encouraged!
A comprehensive alphabetical list of archaeological fields, including descriptions, courses to study, recommended readings, and relevant societies.
Definition: Aerial Archaeology is the study and discovery of archaeological sites and landscapes through the use of aerial photographs, satellite imagery, drones, and other remote sensing technologies to detect and map archaeological features.
- University of Oxford - MSc in Applied Landscape Archaeology (Oxford, UK - Europe): A specialized course focused on landscape archaeology, incorporating aerial and satellite-based surveying techniques for archaeological research.
- Aberystwyth University - MSc in Remote Sensing and GIS (Aberystwyth, Wales - Europe): A program focusing on the application of remote sensing and GIS techniques, relevant to archaeology and cultural heritage studies.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (Vienna, Austria - Europe): A former leader in developing and applying non-invasive methods, including aerial and geophysical prospection technologies, in archaeology. The insitute was discontinued in March 2024.
- Historic England - Airborne and Remote Sensing (UK): Specializes in aerial photography, LiDAR, and other remote sensing technologies for heritage research and conservation.
- Aerial Archaeology Research Group (AARG) (International): A global group dedicated to the study and promotion of aerial archaeology and the interpretation of aerial imagery.
- Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists by David R. Wilson (1982): A comprehensive introduction to aerial photography and its role in archaeological surveys.
- Seeing Beneath the Soil: Prospecting Methods in Archaeology by Oliver Anthony Clark (1997): Explores the integration of aerial photography with geophysical methods to detect archaeological sites.
- Remote Sensing in Archaeology edited by James Wiseman and Farouk El-Baz (2007): A collection of essays on the application of remote sensing technologies in archaeological exploration.
- AARGnews: The bi-annual newsletter of the Aerial Archaeology Research Group, providing updates, research articles, and discussions related to aerial archaeology.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Publishes research on the application of scientific techniques, including remote sensing, in archaeology.
- International Journal of Remote Sensing: Features research on remote sensing techniques, including their application to archaeology.
- Aerial Archaeology Research Group - YouTube Channel: Features videos and lectures on aerial archaeology practices and discoveries.
- Archaeology Podcast Network: Offers podcasts discussing various topics in archaeology, including episodes on aerial archaeology.
- ArcheoTech Podcast - Integrating Aerial and Underwater Data for Archaeology - Ep 103: This episode discusses the Chapter 14 in “3D Recording and Interpretation for Maritime Archaeology” in the book “Integrating Aerial and Underwater Data for Archaeology: Digital Maritime Landscapes in 3D” (Springer 2019).
- ArchaeoCafe Podcast - Episode 2-16 - Drone Archaeology: An interview with Katelyn O'Keefe about the use of drones for doing aerial surveys in archaeology and for looking at landscape change over time.
- AARGnews: The official newsletter of the Aerial Archaeology Research Group, providing updates on new discoveries, tools, and techniques.
- Aerial Archaeology Research Group (AARG) Annual Conference (International): A yearly event that brings together professionals and enthusiasts to discuss the latest advances and discoveries in aerial archaeology.
- Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) Conference (International): A conference that regularly covers aerial and remote sensing technologies in archaeology.
- Aerial Archaeology Research Group (AARG) (International): A global society promoting aerial archaeology and its methodologies.
- Historic England - Airborne and Remote Sensing (UK): Provides resources and forums for discussion and research into aerial archaeology and remote sensing.
Definition: Archaeological Illustration is the practice of creating visual representations of archaeological materials, including artifacts, structures, and sites, to aid in documentation, analysis, and dissemination of archaeological findings.
- University of Edinburgh - Archaeological Illustration (PGHC11060) (Edinburgh, Scotland - Europe): A course offering practical skills in drawing and digital illustration techniques for archaeological documentation.
- Columbia University - Sci&Art in Archaeological Illustration (GU4481) (New York, USA - North America): A course exploring the intersections of scientific illustration and archaeology, emphasizing the role of visual representation in archaeological research.
- Mark Hoyle - Archaeological Illustration (UK): Provides professional archaeological illustration services with over 20 years of experience in the field.
- Das Kreativnetzwerk für Visualisierung - Archäologische Illustrationen (Germany): Specializes in detailed reconstructions, 3D animations, explanatory videos, and infographics to convey archaeological concepts to a broad audience.
- Oxford Archaeology – Illustration and Graphics (UK): Provides comprehensive archaeological illustration services, including artifact drawings, site plans, and reconstructions, utilizing both traditional and digital techniques.
- Archaëa – Illustration Studio (Italy): An illustration studio based in South Tyrol, focusing on archaeological illustrations across various domains.
- Jona Schlegel – Archaeological Illustration and Communication (Austria): Specializes in scientific communication, web design, and illustration, creating engaging content that makes science accessible and inclusive.
- Archaeological Illustration (Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology) by Lesley Adkins and Roy Adkins (1989): A comprehensive guide covering the history, techniques, and applications of illustration in archaeology.
- Approaches to Archaeological Illustration: A Handbook by Mélanie Steiner (2005): Provides insights into various methods and challenges in archaeological illustration, serving as a valuable resource for students and professionals.
- Archaeological Illustration and Publication chapter The Archaeologist's Laboratory in by E. B. Banning (2020): Discusses the role of illustrations in archaeological publications and the conventions used in artifact depiction.
- Advances in Archaeological Practice: Features articles on innovative methods in archaeology, including the use of artificial intelligence in archaeological illustration.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Publishes research on scientific techniques in archaeology, encompassing studies on illustration and visualization methods.
- Illustrating Ancient History - University of Cambridge: A blog post discussing the role of illustration in understanding and interpreting ancient history.
- Archaeo-Logic: Archaeological Illustration: A blog exploring the importance of illustration in the archaeological process, including techniques and tools used by professionals.
- Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) Conference (International): A conference that regularly includes sessions on archaeological illustration and visualization techniques.
Definition: Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains in an archaeological context, focusing on understanding health, diet, demography, and cultural practices of past populations through skeletal analysis, and sometimes soft tissue preservation.
Related discipline: Osteoarchaeology, which focuses specifically on the study of bones in archaeological contexts.
- University of York - BSc in Bioarchaeology (York, UK - Europe): An undergraduate program covering bioarchaeology, osteology, and human biology.
- Durham University - MSc in Bioarchaeology (Durham, UK - Europe): Provides interdisciplinary training in human bioarchaeology and palaeodiet.
- University of Sheffield - MSc in Bioarchaeology (Sheffield, UK - Europe): A course with a focus on bioarchaeological research.
- Bournemouth University - MSc in Bioarchaeology (Bournemouth, UK - Europe): Focuses on the study of human remains and environmental contexts in archaeology.
- University of Aberdeen - MSc in Bioarchaeological Science (Aberdeen, UK - Europe): Combines archaeology, human biology, and chemistry for interdisciplinary research.
- Leiden University - MSc in Bioarchaeology (Leiden, Netherlands - Europe): This program covers bioarchaeology in-depth, exploring human remains and archaeological sciences.
- University of Wollongong - Bioarchaeology Research Theme (Wollongong, Australia - Oceania): Focuses on research into ancient health, diet, and demography.
- The University of Manchester - Bioarchaeology Research (Manchester, UK - Europe): Research-focused bioarchaeology program.
- Australian National University - Bioarchaeology Specialisation (Canberra, Australia - Oceania): Focus on bioarchaeology and its interdisciplinary applications.
- Arizona State University - Center for Bioarchaeological Research (Arizona, USA - North America): A leading research institution focused on human remains and bioarchaeological methodologies.
- University of Exeter - MSc in Zooarchaeology (Exeter, UK - Europe): A course blending bioarchaeology and zooarchaeology.
- Trent University - Bioarchaeology Program (Ontario, Canada - North America): Offers a focused program on bioarchaeology.
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany - Europe): Leading research on human evolution and bioarchaeology.
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies (LCHES) (Cambridge, UK - Europe): Focuses on human evolutionary biology, bioarchaeology, and ancient DNA.
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research (Arizona State University, USA - North America): A center dedicated to bioarchaeological studies in human remains and culture.
- Human Remains in Archaeology by Charlotte Roberts: A detailed introduction to bioarchaeology and the analysis of human remains.
- The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease by Megan Brickley: Provides insights into metabolic diseases and their effect on bones in archaeological contexts.
- Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton by Clark Spencer Larsen: A foundational text in bioarchaeology linking human behavior and skeletal remains.
- Bioarchaeology Overview from ScienceDirect: An excellent introduction to the field of bioarchaeology.
- Bioarchaeology International: A peer-reviewed journal focusing on bioarchaeological research.
- Journal of Bioarchaeological Research: Covers a range of bioarchaeological research globally.
- Bioarchaeology International: Provides cutting-edge research and studies in bioarchaeology.
- That Anthro Podcast - Bioarchaeology episode on Spotify: Discusses bioarchaeology in relation to ancient diet and human remains.
- PLOS Biologue: Features news, articles, and breakthroughs in bioarchaeological research.
- Forbes Article: "You're a Bioarchaeologist? What Is That?": Discusses the field of bioarchaeology and its significance.
- British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) Annual Conference (UK & International): A yearly conference focusing on biological anthropology and osteoarchaeology.
- American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): Covers a range of bioarchaeological and biological anthropology topics.
- British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) (UK): The primary organisation for bioarchaeologists in the UK.
- American Association of Biological Anthropologists (AAPA) (USA): A global organisation promoting biological and bioarchaeological research.
- Facebook: Bioarchaeology Network: A group for students and researchers to share news, findings, and discuss bioarchaeology.
- Reddit: r/Bioarchaeology: A community discussing bioarchaeological research and topics.
Definition: Classical Archaeology is the study of the material culture of ancient Greece and Rome, including their art, architecture, inscriptions, and everyday objects, as well as the wider Mediterranean world during antiquity.
Related disciplines: Art History, which studies ancient Greek and Roman art and architecture; Epigraphy, which focuses on ancient inscriptions and texts.
- University of Oxford - MSt/MPhil in Classical Archaeology (Oxford, UK - Europe): Offers specialized training in the material culture of the ancient Greek and Roman world.
- University of Vienna - BA in Classical Archaeology (Vienna, Austria - Europe): Provides foundational knowledge in the study of the material culture of the Mediterranean region in antiquity.
- Heidelberg University - MA in Classical Archaeology (Heidelberg, Germany - Europe): Offers comprehensive training in archaeological methods and material culture of ancient civilizations.
- Uppsala University - Master's Programme in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History (Uppsala, Sweden - Europe): Provides a broad education in the history, archaeology, art, religion, and philosophy of the ancient world.
- Freie Universität Berlin - MA in Classical Archaeology (Berlin, Germany - Europe): Focuses on sites, artwork, and objects from Greek and Roman cultures, emphasizing academic working methods and analytical skills.
- University of Tübingen - BA in Classical Archaeology (Tübingen, Germany - Europe): Offers an overview of Greek and Roman archaeology, including practical skills in excavation and analysis.
- University of Cambridge - MPhil in Archaeology (Classical Archaeology) (Cambridge, UK - Europe): Provides students with a deeper understanding of the archaeology and material culture of the ancient world.
- University of Cologne - MA in Classical Archaeology (Cologne, Germany - Europe): Focuses on archaeological research and the material culture of the Mediterranean region from the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity.
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) - BA in Classical Archaeology (Munich, Germany - Europe): Offers foundational courses in the archaeology of the classical world, with opportunities for hands-on fieldwork.
- British School at Athens (Athens, Greece - Europe): Conducts research and fieldwork focused on classical sites in Greece.
- American School of Classical Studies at Athens (ASCSA) (Athens, Greece - Europe): A leading institute for research and excavation in Greek classical archaeology.
- German Archaeological Institute (DAI) - Athens and Rome Departments (Athens, Greece & Rome, Italy - Europe): Focuses on excavation and research on key classical sites in the Mediterranean region.
- The Archaeology of Greece by William R. Biers: A comprehensive introduction to the archaeology of ancient Greece, covering major sites and discoveries.
- Roman Art and Archaeology by Mark D. Fullerton: A detailed exploration of Roman art, architecture, and material culture.
- Classical Archaeology edited by Susan E. Alcock and Robin Osborne: A collection of essays discussing key themes and approaches in the study of Greek and Roman archaeology.
- American Journal of Archaeology: One of the leading journals in classical archaeology, publishing research on the material culture of the ancient Mediterranean.
- Journal of Roman Archaeology: Publishes research on Roman archaeology, including architecture, inscriptions, and urbanism.
- Hesperia: The journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, focusing on classical archaeology and related fields.
- Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): Includes sessions on classical archaeology and the latest discoveries from the ancient Mediterranean.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Features sessions on Mediterranean archaeology, including classical Greek and Roman studies.
- The Classical Association (UK & International): A society promoting the study of ancient Greece and Rome, including classical archaeology.
- American Society of Classical Studies (ASCS) (USA & Greece): An organization that promotes the study and research of classical Greek and Roman archaeology.
Definition: Digital Archaeology is the application of digital tools and technologies such as 3D modelling, virtual reality, and digital databases to archaeological research and analysis.
- Leiden University - MSc in Digital Archaeology (Leiden, Netherlands - Europe): A master’s program focusing on the use of digital tools in archaeological research and heritage.
- University College London (UCL) - MSc in Digital Humanities and Archaeology (London, UK - Europe): A program that blends archaeology with digital humanities to study and manage cultural heritage digitally.
- University of York - MSc in Archaeological Information Systems (York, UK - Europe): Focuses on managing and processing archaeological data with digital tools.
- University of Leicester - MSc in Archaeological Geomatics (Leicester, UK - Europe): Combines archaeology with geomatics and GIS technology to study archaeological landscapes.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (Vienna, Austria - Europe): Specializes in digital archaeological prospection and virtual reconstruction techniques. The insitute was discontinued in March 2024.
- Centre for Digital Heritage (York, UK - Europe): Focuses on the use of digital methods to document and analyze archaeological sites and cultural heritage.
- CyArk (International): A non-profit organization that digitally preserves archaeological and cultural heritage sites using 3D modelling and laser scanning.
- Virtual Archaeology by Maurizio Forte: A foundational text discussing the role of digital tools in reconstructing and interpreting archaeological sites.
- 3D Digital Archaeology by Nicoló Dell’Unto: Focuses on the use of 3D tools for documenting and analyzing archaeological contexts.
- Digital Archaeology: Bridging Method and Theory edited by Thomas L. Evans and Patrick Daly: A collection of essays exploring how digital technologies can transform archaeological methodologies and theories.
- Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology: A peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing research on computer applications in archaeology.
- Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage: Covers topics related to digital technologies and their use in the cultural heritage sector.
- Journal of Archaeological Prospection: Focuses on the application of digital prospection technologies in archaeology, including remote sensing, 3D scanning, and GIS.
- Podcast: Digital History & Digital Archaeology with Shawn Graham: A series of background information on Shawn Grahams course work.
- ArchaeoTech Podcast: Ep 165 - Why Digital Archaeology? A Case Study: An episode on digital technologies to augment traditional field archaeology.
- YouTube: CyArk: Features videos showcasing digital preservation projects and 3D reconstructions of heritage sites.
- Introspective Digital Archaeology Blog: Provides articles on understanding the computational turn in archaeology.
- Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) Annual Conference (International): A yearly conference focusing on the application of digital tools and computational methods in archaeology.
- Digital Heritage International Congress (International): A global conference that brings together professionals from the digital heritage field, including digital archaeology experts.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Includes sessions on digital archaeology and the latest technological innovations.
- Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) (International): An international organization promoting the use of digital technologies in archaeology.
- CyArk - Digital Preservation Forum (International): A community dedicated to the digital preservation of archaeological sites and cultural heritage through 3D documentation.
Definition: Environmental Archaeology is the study of past human interaction with the environment through the analysis of biological remains (plants, animals, insects), soils, and sediments. It seeks to understand how ancient societies adapted to and modified their natural surroundings.
Related disciplines: Palaeoecology, which studies ancient ecosystems and climate change through environmental proxies.
- University of York - MSc in Environmental Archaeology (York, UK - Europe): A master’s program focusing on the study of environmental data, including plant and animal remains, in archaeological contexts.
- University College London (UCL) - MSc in Environmental Archaeology (London, UK - Europe): Offers an interdisciplinary approach to studying the relationship between humans and their environments.
- Durham University - MSc in Environmental Archaeology (Durham, UK - Europe): Offers a program that integrates environmental data into broader archaeological interpretations.
- Australian Naional University - Specialisation: Environmental Archaeology and Climate Change
- Umea University - MSc in Environmental Archaeology
- The York Environmental Archaeology Unit (York, UK - Europe): A leading research institute dedicated to the study of environmental archaeology.
- Environmental Archaeology: Principles and Practice by Dena F. Dincauze (2000): A foundational text that covers the principles and methods of environmental archaeology.
- Land and Archaeology: Histories of Human Environment in the British Isles by John G. Evans (1999): Examines how environmental data can inform our understanding of past human societies and their landscapes in the British Isles.
- The Archaeology of Human-Environment Interactions: Strategies for Investigating Anthropogenic Landscapes, Dynamic Environments, and Climate Change in the Human Past by Daniel Contreras (2017): Discusses the relationship between humans and the environment, with case studies from across the world.
- Environmental Archaeology: The Journal of Human Palaeoecology: A peer-reviewed journal focusing on human-environment interactions in the past.
- Quaternary International: Publishes research on environmental and archaeological studies from the Quaternary period.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Frequently includes studies on environmental archaeology and its related fields.
- Podcast: Association for Environmental Archaeology: Features interviews and discussions on environmental archaeology topics from Dung Beaatle to Broiler Chicken.
- That Anthro Podcast - Episode:Zooarchaeology and Environmental Archaeology with Dr. Sarah McClure: Features Dr. Sarah McClure as a guest on ThatAnthroPodcast
- Blog: The Environmental Archaeology Blog: Features articles and discussions on the latest trends and discoveries in environmental archaeology.
- Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA) Annual Conference (International): A yearly event that gathers environmental archaeologists to discuss the latest research and developments in the field.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Includes sessions on environmental archaeology and its applications in understanding ancient societies.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): Features discussions on environmental archaeology and human-environment interactions.
- Association for Environmental Archaeology (AEA) (International): A global society dedicated to promoting the study of environmental archaeology.
Definition: Experimental Archaeology involves recreating ancient tools, techniques, and processes to better understand how they were used and how past societies lived. It helps to interpret archaeological finds through hands-on experiments and testing hypotheses derived from the archaeological record.
Related disciplines: Ethnoarchaeology, which studies living cultures to draw parallels with archaeological data; Prehistoric Archaeology, which often involves reconstructing ancient technologies and subsistence strategies.
- University of York - MA Material Culture and Experimental Archaeology (York, UK - Europe): Offers a comprehensive program focusing on recreating ancient tools and technologies.
- University of Exeter - MSc Experimental Archaeology (Exeter, UK - Europe): Offers a comprehensive program focusing on recreating ancient tools and technologies.
- University College Dublin - MSc in Experimental Archaeology & Material Culture (Dublin, Ireland): The MSc in Experimental Archaeology and Material Culture will provide a comprehensive course of university learning and experience in experimental archaeology and material culture analysis.
- EXARC (International): A global organization promoting experimental archaeology and open-air museums.
- Butser Ancient Farm (Hampshire, UK - Europe): Conducts experiments in reconstructing Iron Age and Roman-era buildings and technologies with an open museum.
- UCD Schhool of Archaeology - UCD Centre for Experimental Archaeology and Material Culture (Dublin, Ireland): This centre is one of the only specifically designed and dedicated, on-campus university facilities in the world for experimental archaeology and material culture studies.
- Experimental Archaeology: Making, Understanding, Story-telling by Penny Cunningham (2008): Focuses on how experimental archaeology contributes to our understanding of ancient societies through practical recreation.
- Reconstructing Ancient Linen Body Armor: Unraveling the Linothorax Mystery by Alicia Aldrete, Scott M. Bartell, Gregory S. Aldrete (2013): An experimental approach to recreating ancient Greek body armor.
- EXARC Journal: A peer-reviewed journal focusing on experimental archaeology, open-air museums, and the reconstruction of ancient technologies.
- Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory: Publishes experimental studies that test archaeological hypotheses and reconstruct ancient techniques.
- Antiquity: Regularly features articles on experimental archaeology, including field experiments and technology reconstructions.
- Podcast: The EXARC Show: Episodes feature content from many of EXARC’s endeavours, the question-and-answer sessions from digital conferences, as well as one-off activities and workshops on current issues.
- Podcast Episode on Seven Ages Audio: Art of the Anicent Hunt: This episode of the Seven Ages Audio Journal interviews Ryan Gill, an expert in the recreation of primitive weapons and archaeological consultant in ancient hunting methods and tools.
- ArchProNet Episode 188: Experimental Archaeology
- YouTube: Experimental Archaeology Explained: A video series covering experiments in tool-making, construction, and ancient technology.
- EXARC Blog: Features updates on experimental archaeology projects, research findings, and practical experiments.
- EXARC International Experimental Archaeology Conference (International): A biennial conference focused on experimental archaeology, bringing together researchers and practitioners to share their findings.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): Regularly includes sessions on experimental archaeology and the recreation of ancient technologies.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Features experimental archaeology as a major theme, with presentations and demonstrations.
- EXARC (International): A global network of experimental archaeologists and open-air museums, promoting collaboration and research in experimental archaeology.
- Facebook: Experimental Archaeology Group: A private online community where researchers and enthusiasts share experimental archaeology projects and results.
- [Facebook: Experimental archaeology Group](Experimental archaeology: A public online community.
- Facebook: UCD Experimental Group: UCD specific experimental archaeology group.
- Reddit: r/exarcchaeology: A forum for discussing experimental archaeology, sharing experiments, and learning about ancient technologies.
Definition: Graffiti Archaeology is the study of ancient and modern graffiti in archaeological contexts, focusing on understanding social, political, and cultural expressions of individuals and communities through inscriptions, murals, and other forms of graffiti.
Related disciplines: Epigraphy, which focuses on the study of inscriptions in ancient languages; Art History, which includes the analysis of visual art forms, including graffiti.
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The Archaeology of Graffiti (University of Edinburgh, UK): This course offers an interactive overview of public and private markings from prehistory to the present day, including a guided walk around Edinburgh to explore historic and contemporary graffiti.
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Exploring Graffiti: Combining Landscape Archaeology and Data Science (University of Washington, USA): This course examines Seattle's graffiti through the lenses of archaeology and data science, teaching students to collect, analyze, and interpret graffiti data.
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MA Contemporary Art and Archaeology (University of the Highlands and Islands, UK): This master's program uniquely links contemporary art practice with archaeological study, encouraging interdisciplinary approaches to creative practice and research.
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project INDIGO (Vienna, Austria - Europe): Involved in the documentation and interpretation of contemporary graffiti at the Donaukanal in Vienna, Austria.
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Graffiti Research Lab (International): Focuses on the study and preservation of contemporary and historical graffiti using digital tools.
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Wild Signs: Graffiti in Archaeology and History edited by Jeff Oliver and Tim Neal: This volume explores the role of graffiti in various historical and archaeological contexts, offering insights into its significance across different cultures and time periods.
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Graffiti Archaeology by Jordan Ralph: This reference work entry discusses the importance of graffiti as material evidence in archaeology, tracing its tradition from ancient Greece and Rome to contemporary societies.
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Journal of Social Archaeology: Publishes articles that explore the intersection of archaeology, graffiti, and social expressions in both ancient and modern contexts.
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International Journal of Historical Archaeology: Features research on the role of graffiti in historical archaeology.
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Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory: Regularly includes research on graffiti as part of archaeological interpretation and material culture studies.
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Writing on the Wall: An article from Archaeology Magazine discussing the Graffiti Archaeology Project and its approach to documenting the evolution of graffiti over time.
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Graffiti Archaeologists!: A blog post by Doug's Archaeology featuring videos from a conference session on graffiti archaeology, discussing contemporary and historical graffiti studies.
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Graffiti Archaeology: A video exploring the Graffiti Archaeology Project, which documents the evolution of graffiti art over time through photographs.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting: The EAA often includes sessions on graffiti archaeology, providing a platform for scholars to discuss recent research and developments in the field.
- Society for Historical Archaeology (SHA) Graffiti Interest Group: A group within the SHA dedicated to the study and preservation of historical graffiti, facilitating discussions and collaborations among researchers.
Definition: Landscape Archaeology is the study of the ways in which people in the past constructed and used the environment around them. It involves analyzing the spatial relationships between archaeological sites and their surrounding landscapes to understand human interaction with the environment over time.
Related disciplines: Geoarchaeology, which focuses on the geological aspects of archaeological sites; Environmental Archaeology, which studies past human interaction with the environment through biological remains.
- University of Oxford - MSc in Applied Landscape Archaeology (Oxford, UK - Europe): A part-time program focusing on the theories and methods of landscape archaeology, emphasizing practical fieldwork and research.
- Freie Universität Berlin - MA in Applied Landscape and Field Archaeology (Berlin, Germany - Europe): A master's program that teaches modern methods and concepts of both landscape and field archaeology, with a focus on the dynamic development of natural and cultural landscapes.
- Umeå University - Master's Programme in Landscape Archaeology / Environmental Archaeology (Umeå, Sweden - Europe): Offers specialization in Landscape or Environmental Archaeology, focusing on interpreting ancient landscapes and environments through various methods.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (Vienna, Austria - Europe): Former dedicated to developing new techniques and methodological concepts for landscape archaeology and the digital preservation of cultural heritage. The insitute was discontinued in March 2024.
- Landscape Archaeology Research Group (GIAP) - Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (Tarragona, Spain - Europe): Focuses on unraveling the past through the study of human footprints on the landscape, employing various interdisciplinary methods.
- International Association of Landscape Archaeology (IALA) (International): Aims to promote interdisciplinary research in landscape archaeology, providing a platform for archaeologists and researchers from related disciplines.
- Landscape – Place – People: the values of spatial terminology in heritage and beyond: Discovery, Innovation and Science in the Historic Environment by Jonathan Last (2020): The document offers a discussion of relevant terms used to describe and explain selected spatial concepts and phenomena relevant to the historic environment.
- Landscape Archaeology: Reading and Interpreting the American Historical Landscape by Rebecca Yamin and Karen Bescherer Metheny (1996): Provides insights into interpreting historical landscapes through archaeological methods.
- Antiquity: An international journal of archaeology that frequently includes articles on landscape archaeology.
- International Conference on Landscape Archaeology (ICLA) (International): A biennial conference organized by the International Association of Landscape Archaeology, bringing together researchers to discuss the latest findings and methodologies.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Includes sessions dedicated to landscape archaeology, providing a platform for presenting research and networking.
- Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) Annual Conference (International): Focuses on digital approaches in archaeology, including landscape analysis and GIS applications.
- International Association of Landscape Archaeology (IALA) (International): Promotes interdisciplinary research and provides a platform for collaboration among landscape archaeologists.
- Landscape Archaeology and Architecture (LAA) - Berliner Antike-Kolleg: Supports research and dialogue in the field of landscape archaeology, emphasizing the relationship between architecture and landscape.
Definition: Osteoarchaeology is the study of human and animal bones in archaeological contexts, focusing on interpreting past human behavior, health, diet, and demographic patterns from skeletal remains.
Related discipline: Bioarchaeology, which includes a broader study of human remains, incorporating soft tissue analysis and environmental context.
- University of Sheffield - MSc in Osteoarchaeology (Sheffield, UK - Europe): Focuses on the study of human and animal skeletal remains in archaeological contexts.
- University of Southampton - MSc in Osteoarchaeology (Southampton, UK - Europe): Combines osteoarchaeology with funerary archaeology, exploring human remains and burial practices.
- University of Exeter - MSc in Bioarchaeology (with Osteoarchaeology Specialisation) (Exeter, UK - Europe): Offers a pathway focusing specifically on osteoarchaeological analysis.
- Durham University - MSc in Human Bioarchaeology (Durham, UK - Europe): Provides a comprehensive understanding of osteoarchaeology within a bioarchaeological framework.
- University of Leiden - MSc in Osteoarchaeology (Leiden, Netherlands - Europe): Focuses on the study of human skeletal remains and funerary contexts.
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (Jena, Germany - Europe): Leading research in osteoarchaeology and human evolutionary studies.
- BioArCh Research Centre (University of York, UK - Europe): Focuses on bioarchaeological research, including osteoarchaeology.
- University of Cambridge - Department of Archaeology - Biological Anthropology (Cambridge, UK - Europe): Engages in bioarchaeological and osteoarchaeological research, specializing in human and animal bones.
- Human Osteology by Tim D. White, Michael T. Black and Pieter A. Folkens (2011): A core text providing comprehensive methods for the study of human skeletal remains.
- The Archaeology of Human Bones by Simon Mays (2021): Offers insights into osteoarchaeological methods, focusing on the interpretation of human skeletal remains.
- Osteoarchaeology: A Guide to the Macroscopic Study of Human Skeletal Remains by Efthymia Nikita (2017): A detailed guide to osteoarchaeological practices and analyses.
- International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: A peer-reviewed journal covering research on human and animal skeletal remains in archaeology.
- Bioarchaeology International: Publishes osteoarchaeological studies within the broader field of bioarchaeology.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Frequently includes osteoarchaeological research.
- YouTube: Osteoarchaeology: Human stories from the bones: An nterview with Becky Gowland on osteoarchaeology, covering excavation, analysis, and interpretation of skeletal remains.
- British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) Annual Conference (UK & International): A yearly conference bringing together osteoarchaeologists and bioarchaeologists.
- American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): A conference that includes osteoarchaeological research and discussions on skeletal remains.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Regular sessions on osteoarchaeology and related bioarchaeological fields.
- British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) (UK): A society promoting osteoarchaeology and bioarchaeology research.
- American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA) (USA): Focuses on osteoarchaeology within the larger field of physical anthropology.
Definition: Prehistoric Archaeology, or Prehistory, is the study of human societies before the advent of written records. It focuses on material culture such as stone tools, pottery, and art, to understand the lifestyles, technologies, and environments of ancient peoples from the Paleolithic to the Iron Age.
Related disciplines: Palaeolithic Archaeology, which specifically focuses on the earliest periods of human history, and Environmental Archaeology, which looks at the interaction between prehistoric societies and their environments.
- University of Cambridge - Department of Archaeology (Prehistoric Archaeology) (Cambridge, UK - Europe): Focuses on prehistoric archaeology, including the study of early human societies and technologies.
- University of Tübingen - Master "Prehistory" (Tübingen, Germany - Europe): A program that includes fieldwork and lab-based approaches to studying prehistoric material culture.
- Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology (Jena, Germany - Europe): Conducts cutting-edge research on prehistoric societies, focusing on early human migrations and cultural development.
- Prehistory: The Making of the Human Mind by Colin Renfrew (2007): Explores the development of early human cognition and culture through material remains.
- Antiquity: One of the leading journals for prehistoric archaeology, publishing research on early human societies.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Frequently publishes articles on prehistoric technologies, environments, and material culture.
- Journal of World Prehistory: Focuses on global perspectives in prehistoric archaeology, from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic and beyond.
- Podcast: Prehistory Guys: Covers prehistoric archaeology, focusing on the Stone Age, Megalithic monuments, and the development of early human societies.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): Includes sessions on prehistoric archaeology, focusing on early human technologies, societies, and environments.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Features presentations on prehistoric archaeology from across Europe, including new discoveries and theoretical approaches.
- UISPP - International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences Congress (International): A major conference dedicated to prehistoric and protohistoric archaeology, covering global research topics.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) (USA & International): A global society that promotes research and education in prehistoric archaeology.
- UISPP - International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (International): A global organization focusing on the study of prehistoric and protohistoric archaeology.
- Reddit: r/Prehistory: A forum for discussing prehistoric archaeology, including recent excavations and theoretical approaches.
Definition: Public Archaeology is the practice of engaging the public in archaeological research, interpretation, and preservation. It focuses on making archaeology accessible and relevant to communities through education, outreach, heritage management, and collaboration with local populations.
Related disciplines: Heritage Management, which deals with the conservation and presentation of cultural heritage, and Community Archaeology, which involves active participation of communities in archaeological projects.
- University of Florida – Graduate Certificates in Public Archaeology: Offers a certificate program that covers various aspects of public archaeology, including heritage management, outreach, and education.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) - Public Archaeology Interest Group (USA & International): Focuses on promoting public engagement in archaeology and heritage.
- Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN): Aims to promote and facilitate the conservation, study, and public understanding of Florida's archaeological heritage through regional centers throughout the state.
- Public Archaeology Facility at Binghamton University: Provides cultural heritage management services and engages in public outreach and education.
- Public Archaeology Corps: Works with property owners to gain access to archaeological sites before redevelopment, focusing on community involvement and education.
- The Public Archaeology Laboratory, Inc. (PAL): A leading New England cultural resource management firm offering services in archaeology, architectural history, and historic preservation planning.
- Public Archaeology by Nick Merriman (1972): A comprehensive introduction to the field, exploring how archaeology can be communicated to the public and the role of heritage in society.
- Key Concepts in Public Archaeology edited by Gabriel Moshenska (2017): Examines the relationship between archaeologists and the public, focusing on outreach, education, and the ethics of public engagement.
- Public Archaeology: A journal dedicated to public archaeology, focusing on community archaeology, outreach, and the communication of heritage.
- International Journal of Heritage Studies: Frequently publishes research on heritage management, public engagement, and archaeological outreach.
- ARCHEOSTORIE® Journal of Public Archaeology: A digital, open-access journal focusing on projects that involve the public and explore innovative communication of archaeology.
- Anarchaeologist Podcast: Prof. Holtorf and the Temple of Public Archaeology - Ep. 07: Interview with Prof. Cornelius Holtorf about the book "Archaeology as a Brand".
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Includes sessions on public archaeology, heritage outreach, and the role of archaeology in contemporary society.
- World Archaeological Congress (WAC) (International): Focuses on global approaches to archaeology, with sessions on public archaeology, social justice, and community involvement.
- First Conference on Public Archaeology: Hosted by the Florida Public Archaeology Network, this conference provides a dedicated space for public-minded archaeologists and cultural heritage practitioners to share their experiences and expertise.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) - Public Archaeology Interest Group (USA & International): A group dedicated to promoting public involvement in archaeology.
- Public Archaeology Facebook Group: An online community for discussions, resources, and networking related to public archaeology.
Definition: Zooarchaeology is the study of animal remains (bones, shells, and other remnants) in archaeological contexts, helping to interpret past human-animal relationships, subsistence strategies, and environmental changes.
Related disciplines: Osteoarchaeology, which focuses on the study of human and animal bones; Bioarchaeology, which includes the study of human remains in archaeological contexts.
- University of Exeter - MSc in Zooarchaeology (Exeter, UK - Europe): Offers a comprehensive course focusing on the study of animal remains in archaeology.
- University of York - MSc in Zooarchaeology (York, UK - Europe): A well-established program dedicated to zooarchaeology and animal osteology.
- Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology (Jena, Germany - Europe): Focuses on zooarchaeology as part of their archaeological and evolutionary studies.
- Smithsonian Institution - Department of Anthropology (Washington, DC, USA - North America): Engages in zooarchaeological research across numerous projects, particularly in environmental archaeology.
- Zooarchaeology by Elizabeth J. Reitz and Elizabeth S. Wing (2008): A fundamental introduction to the analysis of animal remains in archaeological research.
- The Analysis of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites by Richard G. Klein and Kathryn Cruz-Uribe (1984): A classic text covering methods and interpretations in zooarchaeology.
- An introduction to Zooarchaeology by Diane Gifford-Gonzalez (2018): Discusses the processes that affect animal bones from death to their discovery in archaeological contexts.
- International Journal of Osteoarchaeology: Publishes research focused on human and animal bones, including zooarchaeological studies.
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Regularly features research on zooarchaeological findings and methods.
- Environmental Archaeology: Focuses on human-environmental interactions, often including zooarchaeology.
- Podcast: ArchaeoAnimals: A podcast focusing on differen zooarchaeological aspects hosted by Alex Fitzpatrick and Simona Falanga.
- International Council for Archaeozoology (ICAZ) International Conference (International): A global conference focused on zooarchaeology and related fields.
- Society for American Archaeology (SAA) Annual Meeting (USA & International): Includes sessions on zooarchaeology and the role of animals in past human societies.
- European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) Annual Meeting (International): Includes presentations and discussions on zooarchaeology and environmental archaeology.
- International Council for Archaeozoology (ICAZ) (International): A global society dedicated to the study of animal remains in archaeology.
- Society for American Archaeology - Zooarchaeology Interest Group (USA & International): A forum for zooarchaeologists to discuss their work and collaborate.
- Reddit: r/Zooarchaeology: An online group discussing zooarchaeological research and techniques.
Detailed breakdowns of key archaeological methods, including definitions, study resources, software, and media to explore.
Definition: Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-invasive geophysical method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. In archaeology, GPR helps detect and map buried structures, artifacts, and features without excavation.
Applications:
- Locating and mapping buried structures such as foundations, walls, and roads
- Identifying graves, burial sites, and other subsurface features
- Assessing stratigraphy and soil composition to understand site formation processes
- Monitoring and preserving archaeological sites by detecting changes over time
Advantages and Limitations:
Advantages:
- Non-destructive method
- Provides high-resolution subsurface images
- Rapid data acquisition over large areas
Limitations:
- Depth penetration affected by soil composition and moisture
- Complex data interpretation requiring expertise
- Equipment and operational costs may be high
Key Literature:
- "Ground-Penetrating Radar for Archaeology" by Lawrence B. Conyers (2013)
- "Seeing Beneath the Soil: Prospecting Methods in Archaeology" by Oliver Anthony Clark (1997)
- "Remote Sensing in Archaeology" edited by James Wiseman and Farouk El-Baz (2007)
Training and Courses:
- Current Archeological Prospection 2024: Advances for the 21st Century: A five-day workshop focusing on non-destructive archaeological prospection methods, including GPR
- Workshop: The City Below the City—Archaeological and Geophysical Data to Meet a Major Heritage Management Challenge: A workshop addressing archaeological prospection in urban environments
Technological Tools:
- Reflexw: Software for processing and interpreting GPR and seismic data
- GPR for Archaeology: Resources and tools for collecting, processing, and interpreting GPR data in archaeological contexts
Online Resources:
- PROSPECT: An international academic network for research, education, and outreach in archaeological prospection
- Archaeological Prospection Community: A community within the European Association of Archaeologists focused on non-intrusive archaeological investigation methods
Regulatory Guidelines:
- Users must ensure compliance with local regulations concerning electromagnetic emissions and obtain necessary permits when conducting GPR surveys
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This repository is licensed under the MIT License.