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<p><em>Some information about the NumPy project and community</em></p>
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<p><em>Some information about the NumPy project and community</em></p>
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<p>NumPy is an open source project aiming to enable numerical computing with Python. It was created in 2005, building on the early work of the Numerical and Numarray libraries. NumPy will always be 100% open source software, free for all to use and released under the liberal terms of the <ahref="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/master/LICENSE.txt">modified BSD license</a>.</p>
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<p>NumPy is developed in the open on GitHub, through the consensus of the NumPy and wider scientific Python community. For more information on our governance approach, please see our <ahref="https://www.numpy.org/devdocs/dev/governance/index.html">Governance Document</a>.</p>
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<h2id="steering-council">Steering Council</h2>
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<p>The role of the NumPy Steering Council is to ensure, through working with and serving the broader NumPy community, the long-term well-being of the project, both technically and as a community. The NumPy Steering Council currently consists of the following members (in alphabetical order):</p>
<p>Institutional Partners are organizations that support the project by employing people that contribute to NumPy as part of their job. Current Institutional Partners include:
<p>If you have found NumPy useful in your work, research, or company, please consider a donation to the project commensurate with your resources. Any amount helps! All donations will be used strictly to fund the development of NumPy’s open source software, documentation, and community.</p>
<p>NumPy is a Sponsored Project of NumFOCUS, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit charity in the United States. NumFOCUS provides NumPy with fiscal, legal, and administrative support to help ensure the health and sustainability of the project. Visit <ahref="https://numfocus.org">numfocus.org</a> for more information.</p>
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<p>Donations to NumPy are managed by <ahref="https://numfocus.org">NumFOCUS</a>. For donors in the United States, your gift is tax-deductible to the extent provided by law. As with any donation, you should consult with your tax advisor about your particular tax situation.</p>
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<p>NumPy’s Steering Council will make the decisions on how to best use any funds received. Technical and infrastructure priorities are documented on the <ahref="https://www.numpy.org/neps/index.html#roadmap">NumPy Roadmap</a>.
<p>Imaging the M87 Black Hole is like trying to see something that is by definition impossible to see.</p>
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<footeralign="right">—Katie Bouman, <cite>Assistant Professor, Computing & Mathematical Sciences, Caltech</cite></footer>
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</blockquote>
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<h2id="about-the-event-horizon-telescope">About The Event Horizon Telescope</h2>
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<p>The <ahref="https://eventhorizontelescope.org">Event Horizon telescope (EHT)</a>, is an
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array of eight ground-based radio telescopes forming a computational telescope
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the size of the earth, designed to study extreme objects in the
@@ -177,59 +172,59 @@ <h2 id="about-the-event-horizon-telescope">About The Event Horizon Telescope</h2
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Using this technique, the EHT is able to achieve an angular resolution of
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<ahref="https://eventhorizontelescope.org/press-release-april-10-2019-astronomers-capture-first-image-black-hole">20 micro-arcseconds</a> — enough to read a newspaper in New York
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from a sidewalk café in Paris!</p>
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<h3id="key-goals-and-results">Key Goals and Results</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><p><strong>A New View of the Universe:</strong>
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<li>
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<p><strong>A New View of the Universe:</strong>
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The EHT is an exciting new tool for studying the most extreme objects in the
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universe. The EHT’s groundbreaking image was published 100 years
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after <ahref="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddington_experiment">Sir Arthur Eddington’s experiment</a> yielded the first
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observational evidence in support of Einstein’s theory of general relativity.</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Investigating Black Holes:</strong>
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observational evidence in support of Einstein’s theory of general relativity.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Investigating Black Holes:</strong>
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The EHT’s first image focuses on the supermassive black hole at the center
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of the galaxy Messier 87 (M87), located in the Virgo galaxy cluster.
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This black hole resides approximately 55 million light-years from Earth and
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has a mass equal to 6.5 billion times that of the Sun. It has been a
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subject of astronomical study for
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<ahref="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7385">over a 100 years</a>.
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Black holes have long been the object of intense study but the EHT provides
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the first direct visual evidence of these extreme phenomena.</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Comparing Observations to Theory:</strong>
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the first direct visual evidence of these extreme phenomena.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Comparing Observations to Theory:</strong>
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Based on Einstein’s general theory of relativity, scientists expected
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to see a dark region similar to a shadow, caused by the gravitational bending
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and capture of light by the event horizon. By studying this shadow
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scientists could measure the enormous mass of M87’s central supermassive
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black hole.</p></li>
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black hole.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3id="the-challenges">The Challenges</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><p><strong>Scale</strong></p>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Scale</strong></p>
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<p>The observations from Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) present challenges for
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existing data processing tools, arising from the rapid atmospheric phase
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fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array.</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Calibration and Correlation</strong></p>
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fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Calibration and Correlation</strong></p>
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<p>Besides scheduling all of these coordinated observations of EHT, reducing
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the overall volume and complexity of data to aid analysis is a really hard
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problem to solve. To put things in perspective, EHT generates over 350
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Terabytes worth of observed data per day, stored on high-performance
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helium filled hard drives.</p></li>
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<li><p><strong>Image Reconstruction</strong></p>
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helium filled hard drives.</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><strong>Image Reconstruction</strong></p>
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<p>How are the calibrated data processed to produce an image of something that
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has never before been directly imaged? How can scientists be confident
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that the image is correct? These are some of the challenges overcome in
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