When working with maps in any language, you often need a way to update key-value pairs. Furthermore, you will need a way to handle keys that are not already present in the map, generally associating some default value.
In Elixir, the Map module provides the get_and_update/3 function as a
way of accomplishing such a task.
You need to provide the map, the key to be fetched and updated, and a function for transforming (or updating) the existing value.
Let's use a score counting example to see it in action:
> scores = %{}
%{}
# jake scores a point
> {_, scores} = Map.get_and_update(scores, :jake, fn(x) -> {x, (x || 0) + 1} end)
{nil, %{jake: 1}}
# chris scores a point
> {_, scores} = Map.get_and_update(scores, :chris, fn(x) -> {x, (x || 0) + 1} end)
{nil, %{chris: 1, jake: 1}}
# jake scores another point
> {_, scores} = Map.get_and_update(scores, :jake, fn(x) -> {x, (x || 0) + 1} end)
{1, %{chris: 1, jake: 2}}
# final scores
> scores
%{chris: 1, jake: 2}We use (x || 0) + 1 as the updated value. This is a simple way of
providing a default value for when the key is not already present in the
map.
The update function is expected to return a tuple with the original value and the updated value.
See the docs for more details.