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Dealing with Cultural Differences

Writing

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An Abbreviated History of Machines & Text

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- It's been assumed that there's a unique way to produce each - character since the invention of movable type: -

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When he wished to print, he took an iron frame and set - it on the iron plate. In this he placed the types, set - close together. When the frame was full, the whole made one - solid block of type. He then placed it near the fire to - warm it. When the paste [at the back] was slightly melted, - he took a smooth board and pressed it over the surface, so - that the block of type became as even as a whetstone.

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For each character there were several types, and for - certain common characters there were twenty or more types - each, in order to be prepared for the repetition of - characters on the same page. When the characters were not - in use he had them arranged with paper labels, one label - for each rhyme-group, and kept them in wooden cases.

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- Description of the ceramic movable type system created by Bi - Sheng (990–1051) from Joseph Needham's Science and - Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical - Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing, as quoted in - Wikipedia's History of Movable type -
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An Abbreviated History of Electronic Text

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The Range of Human Writing

Unicode

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+ Starting in the 1980s, engineers from various companies started + working on an ambitious project: a universal 16-bit character + set which could represent every character used in human writing. + At some point it expanded beyond 16 bits but the goal hasn't + changed +

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The Unicode® Standard: A Technical Introduction
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Unicode

alphabets, ideograph sets, and symbol collections.

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Collation

Determining how strings compare for the purposes of sorting

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Sample character collation rules
By Language
Swedish:z < ö
German:ö < z
German:ß = ss
Swedish:z < ö
German:ö < z
German:ß = ss
By Context
French:cote < côte < coté < côté
French:cote < côte < coté < côté
By Usage
German Dictionary:of < öf
German Telephone:öf < of
+ + German Dictionary: + of < öf + + + German Telephone: + öf < of + +

Sources: Unicode Technical Standard #10 @@ -530,7 +502,6 @@

State of Unicode

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Summary: use Unicode!