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module_cam_cldwat.F
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#undef DEBUG
#define WRF_PORT
#define MODAL_AERO
! Updated to CESM1.0.3 (CAM5.1.01) by Balwinder.Singh@pnnl.gov
module cldwat
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! Purpose: Prognostic cloud water data and methods.
!
! Public interfaces:
!
! inimc -- Initialize constants
! pcond -- Calculate prognostic condensate
!
! cldwat_fice -- calculate fraction of condensate in ice phase (radiation partitioning)
!
! Author: P. Rasch, with Modifications by Minghua Zhang
! January 2010, modified by J. Kay to add precip fluxes for COSP simulator
! Ported to WRF by William.Gustafson@pnl.gov, Nov. 2009
! updated to CESM1_0_1, Nov. 2010
!
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
use shr_kind_mod, only: r8 => shr_kind_r8
#ifndef WRF_PORT
use spmd_utils, only: masterproc
use ppgrid, only: pcols, pver, pverp
#endif
use wv_saturation, only: estblf, hlatv, tmin, hlatf, rgasv, pcf, &
cp, epsqs, ttrice
#ifndef WRF_PORT
use abortutils, only: endrun
use cam_logfile, only: iulog
#else
use module_cam_support, only: masterproc, &
pcols, pver, pverp, &
endrun, &
iulog
#endif
implicit none
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! PUBLIC: Make default data and interfaces private
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
private
save
#ifndef WRF_PORT
public inimc, pcond ! Public interfaces
#endif
public cldwat_fice ! Public interfaces
public cldwat_readnl
integer, public:: ktop ! Level above 10 hPa
#ifndef WRF_PORT
real(r8),public :: icritc ! threshold for autoconversion of cold ice
real(r8),public :: icritw ! threshold for autoconversion of warm ice
!!$ real(r8),public,parameter:: conke = 1.e-6 ! tunable constant for evaporation of precip
!!$ real(r8),public,parameter:: conke = 2.e-6 ! tunable constant for evaporation of precip
real(r8),public :: conke ! tunable constant for evaporation of precip
real(r8),public :: r3lcrit ! critical radius where liq conversion begins
#else
! Currently, the WRF_PORT bipasses the namelist initialization of these
! tunable parameters. We are hard-coding them to the default values for
! the fv 0.23x0.31 grid. One might choose to implement an option to set
! these via the WRF Registry in the future.
real(r8),public :: icritw = 2.0e-4
real(r8),public :: icritc = 45.0e-6
real(r8),public :: conke = 5.0e-6
#endif
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
! PRIVATE: Everything else is private to this module
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
real(r8), private:: tmax_fice! max temperature for cloud ice formation
real(r8), private:: tmin_fice! min temperature for cloud ice formation
real(r8), private:: tmax_fsnow ! max temperature for transition to convective snow
real(r8), private:: tmin_fsnow ! min temperature for transition to convective snow
real(r8), private:: rhonot ! air density at surface
real(r8), private:: t0 ! Freezing temperature
real(r8), private:: cldmin ! assumed minimum cloud amount
real(r8), private:: small ! small number compared to unity
real(r8), private:: c ! constant for graupel like snow cm**(1-d)/s
real(r8), private:: d ! constant for graupel like snow
real(r8), private:: esi ! collection efficient for ice by snow
real(r8), private:: esw ! collection efficient for water by snow
real(r8), private:: nos ! particles snow / cm**4
real(r8), private:: pi ! Mathematical constant
real(r8), private:: gravit ! Gravitational acceleration at surface
real(r8), private:: rh2o
real(r8), private:: prhonos
real(r8), private:: thrpd ! numerical three added to d
real(r8), private:: gam3pd ! gamma function on (3+d)
real(r8), private:: gam4pd ! gamma function on (4+d)
real(r8), private:: rhoi ! ice density
real(r8), private:: rhos ! snow density
real(r8), private:: rhow ! water density
real(r8), private:: mcon01 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon02 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon03 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon04 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon05 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon06 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon07 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
real(r8), private:: mcon08 ! constants used in cloud microphysics
integer, private :: k1mb ! index of the eta level near 1 mb
! Parameters used in findmcnew
real(r8) :: capnsi ! sea ice cloud particles / cm3
real(r8) :: capnc ! cold and oceanic cloud particles / cm3
real(r8) :: capnw ! warm continental cloud particles / cm3
real(r8) :: kconst ! const for terminal velocity (stokes regime)
real(r8) :: effc ! collection efficiency
real(r8) :: alpha ! ratio of 3rd moment radius to 2nd
real(r8) :: capc ! constant for autoconversion
real(r8) :: convfw ! constant used for fall velocity calculation
real(r8) :: cracw ! constant used for rain accreting water
real(r8) :: critpr ! critical precip rate collection efficiency changes
real(r8) :: ciautb ! coefficient of autoconversion of ice (1/s)
#ifdef DEBUG
integer, private,parameter :: nlook = 1 ! Number of points to examine
integer, private :: ilook(nlook) ! Longitude index to examine
integer, private :: latlook(nlook) ! Latitude index to examine
integer, private :: lchnklook(nlook) ! Chunk index to examine
integer, private :: icollook(nlook) ! Column index to examine
#endif
! Private data
real(r8), parameter :: unset_r8 = huge(1.0_r8)
contains
!===============================================================================
subroutine cldwat_readnl(nlfile)
#ifndef WRF_PORT
use namelist_utils, only: find_group_name
use units, only: getunit, freeunit
use mpishorthand
#endif
character(len=*), intent(in) :: nlfile ! filepath for file containing namelist input
#ifndef WRF_PORT
! Namelist variables
real(r8) :: cldwat_icritw = unset_r8 ! icritw = threshold for autoconversion of warm ice
real(r8) :: cldwat_icritc = unset_r8 ! icritc = threshold for autoconversion of cold ice
real(r8) :: cldwat_conke = unset_r8 ! conke = tunable constant for evaporation of precip
real(r8) :: cldwat_r3lcrit = unset_r8 ! r3lcrit = critical radius where liq conversion begins
! Local variables
integer :: unitn, ierr
character(len=*), parameter :: subname = 'cldwat_readnl'
namelist /cldwat_nl/ cldwat_icritw, cldwat_icritc, cldwat_conke, cldwat_r3lcrit
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (masterproc) then
unitn = getunit()
open( unitn, file=trim(nlfile), status='old' )
call find_group_name(unitn, 'cldwat_nl', status=ierr)
if (ierr == 0) then
read(unitn, cldwat_nl, iostat=ierr)
if (ierr /= 0) then
call endrun(subname // ':: ERROR reading namelist')
end if
end if
close(unitn)
call freeunit(unitn)
! set local variables
icritw = cldwat_icritw
icritc = cldwat_icritc
conke = cldwat_conke
r3lcrit = cldwat_r3lcrit
end if
#ifdef SPMD
! Broadcast namelist variables
call mpibcast(icritw, 1, mpir8, 0, mpicom)
call mpibcast(icritc, 1, mpir8, 0, mpicom)
call mpibcast(conke, 1, mpir8, 0, mpicom)
call mpibcast(r3lcrit, 1, mpir8, 0, mpicom)
#endif
#endif
end subroutine cldwat_readnl
!================================================================================================
subroutine cldwat_fice(ncol, t, fice, fsnow)
!
! Compute the fraction of the total cloud water which is in ice phase.
! The fraction depends on temperature only.
! This is the form that was used for radiation, the code came from cldefr originally
!
! Author: B. A. Boville Sept 10, 2002
! modified: PJR 3/13/03 (added fsnow to ascribe snow production for convection )
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
use physconst, only: tmelt
implicit none
! Arguments
integer, intent(in) :: ncol ! number of active columns
real(r8), intent(in) :: t(pcols,pver) ! temperature
real(r8), intent(out) :: fice(pcols,pver) ! Fractional ice content within cloud
real(r8), intent(out) :: fsnow(pcols,pver) ! Fractional snow content for convection
! Local variables
integer :: i,k ! loop indexes
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!BSINGH - This is a temporary fix for uninitialized tmax_* and tmin_* variables
!This can be fixed by calling the inimc subroutine in physics init calls
tmax_fice = tmelt - 10._r8
tmin_fice = tmax_fice - 30._r8
tmax_fsnow = tmelt
tmin_fsnow = tmelt - 5._r8
! Define fractional amount of cloud that is ice
do k=1,pver
do i=1,ncol
! If warmer than tmax then water phase
if (t(i,k) > tmax_fice) then
fice(i,k) = 0.0_r8
! If colder than tmin then ice phase
else if (t(i,k) < tmin_fice) then
fice(i,k) = 1.0_r8
! Otherwise mixed phase, with ice fraction decreasing linearly from tmin to tmax
else
fice(i,k) =(tmax_fice - t(i,k)) / (tmax_fice - tmin_fice)
end if
! snow fraction partitioning
! If warmer than tmax then water phase
if (t(i,k) > tmax_fsnow) then
fsnow(i,k) = 0.0_r8
! If colder than tmin then ice phase
else if (t(i,k) < tmin_fsnow) then
fsnow(i,k) = 1.0_r8
! Otherwise mixed phase, with ice fraction decreasing linearly from tmin to tmax
else
fsnow(i,k) =(tmax_fsnow - t(i,k)) / (tmax_fsnow - tmin_fsnow)
end if
end do
end do
return
end subroutine cldwat_fice
#ifndef WRF_PORT
subroutine inimc( tmeltx, rhonotx, gravitx, rh2ox)
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! Purpose:
! initialize constants for the prognostic condensate
!
! Author: P. Rasch, April 1997
!
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
use pmgrid, only: plev, plevp
use dycore, only: dycore_is, get_resolution
use hycoef, only: hypm
use phys_control, only: phys_getopts
integer k
real(r8), intent(in) :: tmeltx
real(r8), intent(in) :: rhonotx
real(r8), intent(in) :: gravitx
real(r8), intent(in) :: rh2ox
#ifdef UNICOSMP
real(r8) signgam ! variable required by cray gamma function
external gamma
#endif
character(len=16) :: microp_scheme
! Get microphysics option
call phys_getopts( microp_scheme_out = microp_scheme )
! Set following for all physics packages
tmax_fice = tmeltx - 10._r8
!! tmax_fice = tmeltx
!! tmin_fice = tmax_fice - 20.
tmin_fice = tmax_fice - 30._r8
tmax_fsnow = tmeltx
tmin_fsnow = tmeltx - 5._r8
! Set remaining for RK microphysics
if( microp_scheme .eq. 'RK' ) then
rhonot = rhonotx ! air density at surface (gm/cm3)
gravit = gravitx
rh2o = rh2ox
rhos = .1_r8 ! assumed snow density (gm/cm3)
rhow = 1._r8 ! water density
rhoi = 1._r8 ! ice density
esi = 1.0_r8 ! collection efficient for ice by snow
esw = 0.1_r8 ! collection efficient for water by snow
t0 = tmeltx ! approximate freezing temp
cldmin = 0.02_r8 ! assumed minimum cloud amount
small = 1.e-22_r8 ! a small number compared to unity
c = 152.93_r8 ! constant for graupel like snow cm**(1-d)/s
d = 0.25_r8 ! constant for graupel like snow
nos = 3.e-2_r8 ! particles snow / cm**4
pi = 4._r8*atan(1.0_r8)
prhonos = pi*rhos*nos
thrpd = 3._r8 + d
if (d==0.25_r8) then
gam3pd = 2.549256966718531_r8 ! only right for d = 0.25
gam4pd = 8.285085141835282_r8
else
#ifdef UNICOSMP
call gamma(3._r8+d, signgam, gam3pd)
gam3pd = sign(exp(gam3pd),signgam)
call gamma(4._r8+d, signgam, gam4pd)
gam4pd = sign(exp(gam4pd),signgam)
write(iulog,*) ' d, gamma(3+d), gamma(4+d) =', gam3pd, gam4pd
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
#else
write(iulog,*) ' can only use d ne 0.25 on a cray '
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
stop
#endif
endif
mcon01 = pi*nos*c*gam3pd/4._r8
mcon02 = 1._r8/(c*gam4pd*sqrt(rhonot)/(6*prhonos**(d/4._r8)))
mcon03 = -(0.5_r8+d/4._r8)
mcon04 = 4._r8/(4._r8+d)
mcon05 = (3+d)/(4+d)
mcon06 = (3+d)/4._r8
mcon07 = mcon01*sqrt(rhonot)*mcon02**mcon05/prhonos**mcon06
mcon08 = -0.5_r8/(4._r8+d)
! find the level about 1mb, we wont do the microphysics above this level
k1mb = 1
do k=1,pver-1
if (hypm(k) < 1.e2_r8 .and. hypm(k+1) >= 1.e2_r8) then
if (1.e2_r8-hypm(k) < hypm(k+1)-1.e2_r8) then
k1mb = k
else
k1mb = k + 1
end if
goto 20
end if
end do
if (masterproc) then
write(iulog,*)'inimc: model levels bracketing 1 mb not found'
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
end if
! call endrun
k1mb = 1
20 if( masterproc ) write(iulog,*)'inimc: model level nearest 1 mb is',k1mb,'which is',hypm(k1mb),'pascals'
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
if( masterproc ) write(iulog,*) 'cloud water initialization by inimc complete '
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
! Initialize parameters used by findmcnew
capnw = 400._r8 ! warm continental cloud particles / cm3
capnc = 150._r8 ! cold and oceanic cloud particles / cm3
! capnsi = 40._r8 ! sea ice cloud particles density / cm3
capnsi = 75._r8 ! sea ice cloud particles density / cm3
kconst = 1.18e6_r8 ! const for terminal velocity
! effc = 1._r8 ! autoconv collection efficiency following boucher 96
! effc = .55*0.05_r8 ! autoconv collection efficiency following baker 93
effc = 0.55_r8 ! autoconv collection efficiency following tripoli and cotton
! effc = 0._r8 ! turn off warm-cloud autoconv
alpha = 1.1_r8**4
capc = pi**(-.333_r8)*kconst*effc *(0.75_r8)**(1.333_r8)*alpha ! constant for autoconversion
! critical precip rate at which we assume the collector drops can change the
! drop size enough to enhance the auto-conversion process (mm/day)
critpr = 0.5_r8
convfw = 1.94_r8*2.13_r8*sqrt(rhow*1000._r8*9.81_r8*2.7e-4_r8)
! liquid microphysics
! cracw = 6_r8 ! beheng
cracw = .884_r8*sqrt(9.81_r8/(rhow*1000._r8*2.7e-4_r8)) ! tripoli and cotton
! ice microphysics
ciautb = 5.e-4_r8
if ( masterproc ) then
write(iulog,*)'tuning parameters cldwat: icritw',icritw,'icritc',icritc,'conke',conke,'r3lcrit',r3lcrit
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
write(iulog,*)'tuning parameters cldwat: capnw',capnw,'capnc',capnc,'capnsi',capnsi,'kconst',kconst
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
write(iulog,*)'tuning parameters cldwat: effc',effc,'alpha',alpha,'capc',capc
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
write(iulog,*)'tuning parameters cldwat: critpr',critpr,'convfw',convfw,'cracw',cracw,'ciautb',ciautb
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
endif
endif
return
end subroutine inimc
subroutine pcond (lchnk ,ncol , &
tn ,ttend ,qn ,qtend ,omega , &
cwat ,p ,pdel ,cldn ,fice , fsnow, &
cme ,prodprec,prodsnow,evapprec,evapsnow,evapheat, prfzheat, &
meltheat,precip ,snowab ,deltat ,fwaut , &
fsaut ,fracw ,fsacw ,fsaci ,lctend , &
rhdfda ,rhu00 ,seaicef, zi ,ice2pr, liq2pr, &
liq2snow, snowh, rkflxprc, rkflxsnw, pracwo, psacwo, psacio)
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! Purpose:
! The public interface to the cloud water parameterization
! returns tendencies to water vapor, temperature and cloud water variables
!
! For basic method
! See: Rasch, P. J, and J. E. Kristjansson, A Comparison of the CCM3
! model climate using diagnosed and
! predicted condensate parameterizations, 1998, J. Clim., 11,
! pp1587---1614.
!
! For important modifications to improve the method of determining
! condensation/evaporation see Zhang et al (2001, in preparation)
!
! Authors: M. Zhang, W. Lin, P. Rasch and J.E. Kristjansson
! B. A. Boville (latent heat of fusion)
!-----------------------------------------------------------------------
use wv_saturation, only: vqsatd
use cam_control_mod, only: nlvdry
!
!---------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! Input Arguments
!
integer, intent(in) :: lchnk ! chunk identifier
integer, intent(in) :: ncol ! number of atmospheric columns
real(r8), intent(in) :: fice(pcols,pver) ! fraction of cwat that is ice
real(r8), intent(in) :: fsnow(pcols,pver) ! fraction of rain that freezes to snow
real(r8), intent(in) :: cldn(pcols,pver) ! new value of cloud fraction (fraction)
real(r8), intent(in) :: cwat(pcols,pver) ! cloud water (kg/kg)
real(r8), intent(in) :: omega(pcols,pver) ! vert pressure vel (Pa/s)
real(r8), intent(in) :: p(pcols,pver) ! pressure (K)
real(r8), intent(in) :: pdel(pcols,pver) ! pressure thickness (Pa)
real(r8), intent(in) :: qn(pcols,pver) ! new water vapor (kg/kg)
real(r8), intent(in) :: qtend(pcols,pver) ! mixing ratio tend (kg/kg/s)
real(r8), intent(in) :: tn(pcols,pver) ! new temperature (K)
real(r8), intent(in) :: ttend(pcols,pver) ! temp tendencies (K/s)
real(r8), intent(in) :: deltat ! time step to advance solution over
real(r8), intent(in) :: lctend(pcols,pver) ! cloud liquid water tendencies ====wlin
real(r8), intent(in) :: rhdfda(pcols,pver) ! dG(a)/da, rh=G(a), when rh>u00 ====wlin
real(r8), intent(in) :: rhu00 (pcols,pver) ! Rhlim for cloud ====wlin
real(r8), intent(in) :: seaicef(pcols) ! sea ice fraction (fraction)
real(r8), intent(in) :: zi(pcols,pverp) ! layer interfaces (m)
real(r8), intent(in) :: snowh(pcols) ! Snow depth over land, water equivalent (m)
!
! Output Arguments
!
real(r8), intent(out) :: cme (pcols,pver) ! rate of cond-evap of condensate (1/s)
real(r8), intent(out) :: prodprec(pcols,pver) ! rate of conversion of condensate to precip (1/s)
real(r8), intent(out) :: evapprec(pcols,pver) ! rate of evaporation of falling precip (1/s)
real(r8), intent(out) :: evapsnow(pcols,pver) ! rate of evaporation of falling snow (1/s)
real(r8), intent(out) :: evapheat(pcols,pver) ! heating rate due to evaporation of precip (W/kg)
real(r8), intent(out) :: prfzheat(pcols,pver) ! heating rate due to freezing of precip (W/kg)
real(r8), intent(out) :: meltheat(pcols,pver) ! heating rate due to snow melt (W/kg)
real(r8), intent(out) :: precip(pcols) ! rate of precipitation (kg / (m**2 * s))
real(r8), intent(out) :: snowab(pcols) ! rate of snow (kg / (m**2 * s))
real(r8), intent(out) :: ice2pr(pcols,pver) ! rate of conversion of ice to precip
real(r8), intent(out) :: liq2pr(pcols,pver) ! rate of conversion of liquid to precip
real(r8), intent(out) :: liq2snow(pcols,pver) ! rate of conversion of liquid to snow
real(r8), intent(out) :: rkflxprc(pcols,pverp) ! grid-box mean RK flux_large_scale_cloud_rain+snow at interfaces (kg m^-2 s^-1)
real(r8), intent(out) :: rkflxsnw(pcols,pverp) ! grid-box mean RK flux_large_scale_cloud_snow at interfaces (kg m^-2 s^-1)
! intent(out)s here for pcond to pass to stratiform.F90 to be addflded/outflded
real(r8), intent(out) :: pracwo(pcols,pver) ! accretion of cloud water by rain (1/s)
real(r8), intent(out) :: psacwo(pcols,pver) ! accretion of cloud water by snow (1/s)
real(r8), intent(out) :: psacio(pcols,pver) ! accretion of cloud ice by snow (1/s)
real(r8) nice2pr ! rate of conversion of ice to snow
real(r8) nliq2pr ! rate of conversion of liquid to precip
real(r8) nliq2snow ! rate of conversion of liquid to snow
real(r8) prodsnow(pcols,pver) ! rate of production of snow
!
! Local workspace
!
real(r8) :: precab(pcols) ! rate of precipitation (kg / (m**2 * s))
integer i ! work variable
integer iter ! #iterations for precipitation calculation
integer k ! work variable
integer l ! work variable
real(r8) cldm(pcols) ! mean cloud fraction over the time step
real(r8) cldmax(pcols) ! max cloud fraction above
real(r8) coef(pcols) ! conversion time scale for condensate to rain
real(r8) cwm(pcols) ! cwat mixing ratio at midpoint of time step
real(r8) cwn(pcols) ! cwat mixing ratio at end
real(r8) denom ! work variable
real(r8) dqsdt ! change in sat spec. hum. wrt temperature
real(r8) es(pcols) ! sat. vapor pressure
real(r8) fracw(pcols,pver) ! relative importance of collection of liquid by rain
real(r8) fsaci(pcols,pver) ! relative importance of collection of ice by snow
real(r8) fsacw(pcols,pver) ! relative importance of collection of liquid by snow
real(r8) fsaut(pcols,pver) ! relative importance of ice auto conversion
real(r8) fwaut(pcols,pver) ! relative importance of warm cloud autoconversion
real(r8) gamma(pcols) ! d qs / dT
real(r8) icwc(pcols) ! in-cloud water content (kg/kg)
real(r8) mincld ! a small cloud fraction to avoid / zero
real(r8) omeps ! 1 minus epsilon
real(r8),parameter ::omsm=0.99999_r8 ! a number just less than unity (for rounding)
real(r8) prprov(pcols) ! provisional value of precip at btm of layer
real(r8) prtmp ! work variable
real(r8) q(pcols,pver) ! mixing ratio before time step ignoring condensate
real(r8) qs(pcols) ! spec. hum. of water vapor
real(r8) qsn, esn ! work variable
real(r8) qsp(pcols,pver) ! sat pt mixing ratio
real(r8) qtl(pcols) ! tendency which would saturate the grid box in deltat
real(r8) qtmp, ttmp ! work variable
real(r8) relhum1(pcols) ! relative humidity
real(r8) relhum(pcols) ! relative humidity
!!$ real(r8) tc ! crit temp of transition to ice
real(r8) t(pcols,pver) ! temp before time step ignoring condensate
real(r8) tsp(pcols,pver) ! sat pt temperature
real(r8) pol ! work variable
real(r8) cdt ! work variable
real(r8) wtthick ! work variable
! Extra local work space for cloud scheme modification
real(r8) cpohl !Cp/Hlatv
real(r8) hlocp !Hlatv/Cp
real(r8) dto2 !0.5*deltat (delta=2.0*dt)
real(r8) calpha(pcols) !alpha of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cbeta (pcols) !beta of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cbetah(pcols) !beta_hat at saturation portion
real(r8) cgamma(pcols) !gamma of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cgamah(pcols) !gamma_hat at saturation portion
real(r8) rcgama(pcols) !gamma/gamma_hat
real(r8) csigma(pcols) !sigma of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cmec1 (pcols) !c1 of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cmec2 (pcols) !c2 of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cmec3 (pcols) !c3 of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cmec4 (pcols) !c4 of new C - E scheme formulation
real(r8) cmeres(pcols) !residual cond of over-sat after cme and evapprec
real(r8) ctmp !a scalar representation of cmeres
real(r8) clrh2o ! Ratio of latvap to water vapor gas const
real(r8) ice(pcols,pver) ! ice mixing ratio
real(r8) liq(pcols,pver) ! liquid mixing ratio
real(r8) rcwn(pcols,2,pver), rliq(pcols,2,pver), rice(pcols,2,pver)
real(r8) cwnsave(pcols,2,pver), cmesave(pcols,2,pver)
real(r8) prodprecsave(pcols,2,pver)
logical error_found
!
!------------------------------------------------------------
!
clrh2o = hlatv/rh2o ! Ratio of latvap to water vapor gas const
omeps = 1.0_r8 - epsqs
#ifdef PERGRO
mincld = 1.e-4_r8
iter = 1 ! number of times to iterate the precipitation calculation
#else
mincld = 1.e-4_r8
iter = 2
#endif
! omsm = 0.99999
cpohl = cp/hlatv
hlocp = hlatv/cp
dto2=0.5_r8*deltat
!
! Constant for computing rate of evaporation of precipitation:
!
!!$ conke = 1.e-5
!!$ conke = 1.e-6
!
! initialize a few single level fields
!
do i = 1,ncol
precip(i) = 0.0_r8
precab(i) = 0.0_r8
snowab(i) = 0.0_r8
cldmax(i) = 0.0_r8
end do
!
! initialize multi-level fields
!
do k = 1,pver
do i = 1,ncol
q(i,k) = qn(i,k)
t(i,k) = tn(i,k)
! q(i,k)=qn(i,k)-qtend(i,k)*deltat
! t(i,k)=tn(i,k)-ttend(i,k)*deltat
end do
end do
cme (:ncol,:) = 0._r8
evapprec(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
prodprec(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
evapsnow(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
prodsnow(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
evapheat(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
meltheat(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
prfzheat(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
ice2pr(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
liq2pr(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
liq2snow(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
fwaut(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
fsaut(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
fracw(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
fsacw(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
fsaci(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
rkflxprc(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
rkflxsnw(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
pracwo(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
psacwo(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
psacio(:ncol,:) = 0._r8
!
! find the wet bulb temp and saturation value
! for the provisional t and q without condensation
!
call findsp (lchnk, ncol, qn, tn, p, tsp, qsp)
do 800 k = k1mb,pver
call vqsatd (t(1,k), p(1,k), es, qs, gamma, ncol)
do i = 1,ncol
relhum(i) = q(i,k)/qs(i)
!
cldm(i) = max(cldn(i,k),mincld)
!
! the max cloud fraction above this level
!
cldmax(i) = max(cldmax(i), cldm(i))
! define the coefficients for C - E calculation
calpha(i) = 1.0_r8/qs(i)
cbeta (i) = q(i,k)/qs(i)**2*gamma(i)*cpohl
cbetah(i) = 1.0_r8/qs(i)*gamma(i)*cpohl
cgamma(i) = calpha(i)+hlatv*cbeta(i)/cp
cgamah(i) = calpha(i)+hlatv*cbetah(i)/cp
rcgama(i) = cgamma(i)/cgamah(i)
if(cldm(i) > mincld) then
icwc(i) = max(0._r8,cwat(i,k)/cldm(i))
else
icwc(i) = 0.0_r8
endif
!PJR the above logic give zero icwc with nonzero cwat, dont like it!
!PJR generates problems with csigma
!PJR set the icwc to a very small number, so we can start from zero cloud cover and make some clouds
! icwc(i) = max(1.e-8_r8,cwat(i,k)/cldm(i))
!
! initial guess of evaporation, will be updated within iteration
!
evapprec(i,k) = conke*(1._r8 - cldm(i))*sqrt(precab(i)) &
*(1._r8 - min(relhum(i),1._r8))
!
! zero cmeres before iteration for each level
!
cmeres(i)=0.0_r8
end do
do i = 1,ncol
!
! fractions of ice at this level
!
!!$ tc = t(i,k) - t0
!!$ fice(i,k) = max(0._r8,min(-tc*0.05,1.0_r8))
!
! calculate the cooling due to a phase change of the rainwater
! from above
!
if (t(i,k) >= t0) then
meltheat(i,k) = -hlatf * snowab(i) * gravit/pdel(i,k)
snowab(i) = 0._r8
else
meltheat(i,k) = 0._r8
endif
end do
!
! calculate cme and formation of precip.
!
! The cloud microphysics is highly nonlinear and coupled with cme
! Both rain processes and cme are calculated iteratively.
!
do 100 l = 1,iter
do i = 1,ncol
!
! calculation of cme has 4 scenarios
! ==================================
!
if(relhum(i) > rhu00(i,k)) then
! 1. whole grid saturation
! ========================
if(relhum(i) >= 0.999_r8 .or. cldm(i) >= 0.999_r8 ) then
cme(i,k)=(calpha(i)*qtend(i,k)-cbetah(i)*ttend(i,k))/cgamah(i)
! 2. fractional saturation
! ========================
else
if (rhdfda(i,k) .eq. 0. .and. icwc(i).eq.0.) then
write (iulog,*) ' cldwat.F90: empty rh cloud ', i, k, lchnk
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
write (iulog,*) ' relhum, iter ', relhum(i), l, rhu00(i,k), cldm(i), cldn(i,k)
#ifdef WRF_PORT
call wrf_message(iulog)
#endif
call endrun ()
endif
csigma(i) = 1.0_r8/(rhdfda(i,k)+cgamma(i)*icwc(i))
cmec1(i) = (1.0_r8-cldm(i))*csigma(i)*rhdfda(i,k)
cmec2(i) = cldm(i)*calpha(i)/cgamah(i)+(1.0_r8-rcgama(i)*cldm(i))* &
csigma(i)*calpha(i)*icwc(i)
cmec3(i) = cldm(i)*cbetah(i)/cgamah(i) + &
(cbeta(i)-rcgama(i)*cldm(i)*cbetah(i))*csigma(i)*icwc(i)
cmec4(i) = csigma(i)*cgamma(i)*icwc(i)
! Q=C-E=-C1*Al + C2*Aq - C3* At + C4*Er
cme(i,k) = -cmec1(i)*lctend(i,k) + cmec2(i)*qtend(i,k) &
-cmec3(i)*ttend(i,k) + cmec4(i)*evapprec(i,k)
endif
! 3. when rh < rhu00, evaporate existing cloud water
! ==================================================
else if(cwat(i,k) > 0.0_r8)then
! liquid water should be evaporated but not to exceed
! saturation point. if qn > qsp, not to evaporate cwat
cme(i,k)=-min(max(0._r8,qsp(i,k)-qn(i,k)),cwat(i,k))/deltat
! 4. no condensation nor evaporation
! ==================================
else
cme(i,k)=0.0_r8
endif
end do !end loop for cme update
! Because of the finite time step,
! place a bound here not to exceed wet bulb point
! and not to evaporate more than available water
!
do i = 1, ncol
qtmp = qn(i,k) - cme(i,k)*deltat
! possibilities to have qtmp > qsp
!
! 1. if qn > qs(tn), it condenses;
! if after applying cme, qtmp > qsp, more condensation is applied.
!
! 2. if qn < qs, evaporation should not exceed qsp,
if(qtmp > qsp(i,k)) then
cme(i,k) = cme(i,k) + (qtmp-qsp(i,k))/deltat
endif
!
! if net evaporation, it should not exceed available cwat
!
if(cme(i,k) < -cwat(i,k)/deltat) &
cme(i,k) = -cwat(i,k)/deltat
!
! addition of residual condensation from previous step of iteration
!
cme(i,k) = cme(i,k) + cmeres(i)
end do
! limit cme for roundoff errors
do i = 1, ncol
cme(i,k) = cme(i,k)*omsm
end do
do i = 1,ncol
!
! as a safe limit, condensation should not reduce grid mean rh below rhu00
!
if(cme(i,k) > 0.0_r8 .and. relhum(i) > rhu00(i,k) ) &
cme(i,k) = min(cme(i,k), (qn(i,k)-qs(i)*rhu00(i,k))/deltat)
!
! initial guess for cwm (mean cloud water over time step) if 1st iteration
!
if(l < 2) then
cwm(i) = max(cwat(i,k)+cme(i,k)*dto2, 0._r8)
endif
enddo
! provisional precipitation falling through model layer
do i = 1,ncol
!!$ prprov(i) = precab(i) + prodprec(i,k)*pdel(i,k)/gravit
! rain produced in this layer not too effective in collection process
wtthick = max(0._r8,min(0.5_r8,((zi(i,k)-zi(i,k+1))/1000._r8)**2))
prprov(i) = precab(i) + wtthick*prodprec(i,k)*pdel(i,k)/gravit
end do
! calculate conversion of condensate to precipitation by cloud microphysics
call findmcnew (lchnk ,ncol , &
k ,prprov ,snowab, t ,p , &
cwm ,cldm ,cldmax ,fice(1,k),coef , &
fwaut(1,k),fsaut(1,k),fracw(1,k),fsacw(1,k),fsaci(1,k), &
seaicef, snowh, pracwo(1,k), psacwo(1,k), psacio(1,k))
!
! calculate the precip rate
!
error_found = .false.
do i = 1,ncol
if (cldm(i) > 0) then
!
! first predict the cloud water
!
cdt = coef(i)*deltat
if (cdt > 0.01_r8) then
pol = cme(i,k)/coef(i) ! production over loss
cwn(i) = max(0._r8,(cwat(i,k)-pol)*exp(-cdt)+ pol)
else
cwn(i) = max(0._r8,(cwat(i,k) + cme(i,k)*deltat)/(1+cdt))
endif
!
! now back out the tendency of net rain production
!
prodprec(i,k) = max(0._r8,cme(i,k)-(cwn(i)-cwat(i,k))/deltat)
else
prodprec(i,k) = 0.0_r8
cwn(i) = 0._r8
endif
! provisional calculation of conversion terms
ice2pr(i,k) = prodprec(i,k)*(fsaut(i,k)+fsaci(i,k))
liq2pr(i,k) = prodprec(i,k)*(fwaut(i,k)+fsacw(i,k)+fracw(i,k))
!old liq2snow(i,k) = prodprec(i,k)*fsacw(i,k)
! revision suggested by Jim McCaa
! it controls the amount of snow hitting the sfc
! by forcing a lot of conversion of cloud liquid to snow phase
! it might be better done later by an explicit representation of
! rain accreting ice (and freezing), or by an explicit freezing of raindrops
liq2snow(i,k) = max(prodprec(i,k)*fsacw(i,k), fsnow(i,k)*liq2pr(i,k))
! bounds
nice2pr = min(ice2pr(i,k),(cwat(i,k)+cme(i,k)*deltat)*fice(i,k)/deltat)
nliq2pr = min(liq2pr(i,k),(cwat(i,k)+cme(i,k)*deltat)*(1._r8-fice(i,k))/deltat)
! write(iulog,*) ' prodprec ', i, k, prodprec(i,k)
! write(iulog,*) ' nliq2pr, nice2pr ', nliq2pr, nice2pr
if (liq2pr(i,k).ne.0._r8) then
nliq2snow = liq2snow(i,k)*nliq2pr/liq2pr(i,k) ! correction
else
nliq2snow = liq2snow(i,k)
endif
! avoid roundoff problems generating negatives
nliq2snow = nliq2snow*omsm
nliq2pr = nliq2pr*omsm
nice2pr = nice2pr*omsm
! final estimates of conversion to precip and snow
prodprec(i,k) = (nliq2pr + nice2pr)
prodsnow(i,k) = (nice2pr + nliq2snow)
rcwn(i,l,k) = cwat(i,k) + (cme(i,k)- prodprec(i,k))*deltat
rliq(i,l,k) = (cwat(i,k) + cme(i,k)*deltat)*(1._r8-fice(i,k)) - nliq2pr * deltat
rice(i,l,k) = (cwat(i,k) + cme(i,k)*deltat)* fice(i,k) - nice2pr *deltat
! Save for sanity check later...
! Putting sanity checks inside loops 100 and 800 screws up the
! IBM compiler for reasons as yet unknown. TBH
cwnsave(i,l,k) = cwn(i)
cmesave(i,l,k) = cme(i,k)
prodprecsave(i,l,k) = prodprec(i,k)
! End of save for sanity check later...
! final version of condensate to precip terms
liq2pr(i,k) = nliq2pr
liq2snow(i,k) = nliq2snow
ice2pr(i,k) = nice2pr
cwn(i) = rcwn(i,l,k)
!
! update any remaining provisional values
!
cwm(i) = (cwn(i) + cwat(i,k))*0.5_r8
!
! update in cloud water
!
if(cldm(i) > mincld) then
icwc(i) = cwm(i)/cldm(i)
else
icwc(i) = 0.0_r8
endif
!PJR the above logic give zero icwc with nonzero cwat, dont like it!
!PJR generates problems with csigma
!PJR set the icwc to a very small number, so we can start from zero cloud cover and make some clouds
! icwc(i) = max(1.e-8_r8,cwm(i)/cldm(i))
end do ! end of do i = 1,ncol
!
! calculate provisional value of cloud water for
! evaporation of precipitate (evapprec) calculation
!
do i = 1,ncol
qtmp = qn(i,k) - cme(i,k)*deltat
ttmp = tn(i,k) + deltat/cp * ( meltheat(i,k) &
+ (hlatv + hlatf*fice(i,k)) * cme(i,k) )
esn = estblf(ttmp)
qsn = min(epsqs*esn/(p(i,k) - omeps*esn),1._r8)
qtl(i) = max((qsn - qtmp)/deltat,0._r8)
relhum1(i) = qtmp/qsn
end do
!
do i = 1,ncol
#ifdef PERGRO
evapprec(i,k) = conke*(1._r8 - max(cldm(i),mincld))* &
sqrt(precab(i))*(1._r8 - min(relhum1(i),1._r8))
#else
evapprec(i,k) = conke*(1._r8 - cldm(i))*sqrt(precab(i)) &
*(1._r8 - min(relhum1(i),1._r8))
#endif
!
! limit the evaporation to the amount which is entering the box
! or saturates the box
!
prtmp = precab(i)*gravit/pdel(i,k)
evapprec(i,k) = min(evapprec(i,k), prtmp, qtl(i))*omsm
#ifdef PERGRO
! zeroing needed for pert growth
evapprec(i,k) = 0._r8
#endif
!
! Partition evaporation of precipitate between rain and snow using
! the fraction of snow falling into the box. Determine the heating
! due to evaporation. Note that evaporation is positive (loss of precip,
! gain of vapor) and that heating is negative.
if (evapprec(i,k) > 0._r8) then
evapsnow(i,k) = evapprec(i,k) * snowab(i) / precab(i)
evapheat(i,k) = -hlatv * evapprec(i,k) - hlatf * evapsnow(i,k)
else
evapsnow(i,k) = 0._r8
evapheat(i,k) = 0._r8
end if
! Account for the latent heat of fusion for liquid drops collected by falling snow
prfzheat(i,k) = hlatf * liq2snow(i,k)
end do
! now remove the residual of any over-saturation. Normally,
! the oversaturated water vapor should have been removed by
! cme formulation plus constraints by wet bulb tsp/qsp
! as computed above. However, because of non-linearity,
! addition of (cme-evapprec) to update t and q may still cause
! a very small amount of over saturation. It is called a
! residual of over-saturation because theoretically, cme
! should have taken care of all of large scale condensation.
!
do i = 1,ncol
qtmp = qn(i,k)-(cme(i,k)-evapprec(i,k))*deltat
ttmp = tn(i,k) + deltat/cp * ( meltheat(i,k) + evapheat(i,k) + prfzheat(i,k) &
+ (hlatv + hlatf*fice(i,k)) * cme(i,k) )
esn = estblf(ttmp)
qsn = min(epsqs*esn/(p(i,k) - omeps*esn),1._r8)
!
!Upper stratosphere and mesosphere, qsn calculated
!above may be negative. Here just to skip it instead
!of resetting it to 1 as in aqsat
!