Flang is a ground-up implementation of a Fortran front end written in modern C++. It started off as the f18 project (https://github.com/flang-compiler/f18) with an aim to replace the previous flang project (https://github.com/flang-compiler/flang) and address its various deficiencies. F18 was subsequently accepted into the LLVM project and rechristened as Flang.
Read more about flang in the documentation directory. Start with the compiler overview.
To better understand Fortran as a language and the specific grammar accepted by flang, read Fortran For C Programmers and flang's specifications of the Fortran grammar and the OpenMP grammar.
Treatment of language extensions is covered in this document.
To understand the compilers handling of intrinsics, see the discussion of intrinsics.
To understand how a flang program communicates with libraries at runtime, see the discussion of runtime descriptors.
If you're interested in contributing to the compiler, read the style guide and also review how flang uses modern C++ features.
Flang is written in C++17.
The code has been compiled and tested with GCC versions from 7.2.0 to 9.3.0.
The code has been compiled and tested with clang version 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0 using either GNU's libstdc++ or LLVM's libc++.
The code has been compiled on AArch64, x86_64 and ppc64le servers with CentOS7, Ubuntu18.04, Rhel, MacOs, Mojave, XCode and Apple Clang version 10.0.1.
The code does not compile with Windows and a compiler that does not have support for C++17.
These instructions are for building Flang separately from LLVM; if you are
building Flang alongside LLVM then follow the standard LLVM build instructions
and add flang to LLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS instead, as detailed there.
The instructions to build LLVM can be found at
https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html. If you are building flang as part
of LLVM, follow those instructions and add flang to LLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS.
We highly recommend using the same compiler to compile both llvm and flang.
The flang CMakeList.txt file uses
the variable LLVM_DIR to find the installed LLVM components
and
the variable MLIR_DIR to find the installed MLIR components.
To get the correct LLVM and MLIR libraries included in your flang build, define LLVM_DIR and MLIR_DIR on the cmake command line.
LLVM=<LLVM_BUILD_DIR>/lib/cmake/llvm \
MLIR=<LLVM_BUILD_DIR>/lib/cmake/mlir \
cmake -DLLVM_DIR=$LLVM -DMLIR_DIR=$MLIR ...
where LLVM_BUILD_DIR is
the top-level directory where LLVM was built.
By default, cmake will search for g++ on your PATH. The g++ version must be one of the supported versions in order to build flang.
Or, cmake will use the variable CXX to find the C++ compiler. CXX should include the full path to the compiler or a name that will be found on your PATH, e.g. g++-8.3, assuming g++-8.3 is on your PATH.
export CXX=g++-8.3
or
CXX=/opt/gcc-8.3/bin/g++-8.3 cmake ...
To build flang with clang, cmake needs to know how to find clang++ and the GCC library and tools that were used to build clang++.
CXX should include the full path to clang++ or clang++ should be found on your PATH.
export CXX=clang++
To specify a custom install location,
add
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=<INSTALL_PREFIX>
to the cmake command
where <INSTALL_PREFIX>
is the path where flang should be installed.
To create a debug build,
add
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
to the cmake command.
Debug builds execute slowly.
To create a release build,
add
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
to the cmake command.
Release builds execute quickly.
cd ~/flang/build
cmake -DLLVM_DIR=$LLVM -DMLIR_DIR=$MLIR ~/flang/src
make
To run all tests:
cd ~/flang/build
cmake -DLLVM_DIR=$LLVM -DMLIR_DIR=$MLIR ~/flang/src
make test check-all
To run individual regression tests llvm-lit needs to know the lit configuration for flang. The parameters in charge of this are: flang_site_config and flang_config. And they can be set as shown bellow:
<path-to-llvm-lit>/llvm-lit \
--param flang_site_config=<path-to-flang-build>/test-lit/lit.site.cfg.py \
--param flang_config=<path-to-flang-build>/test-lit/lit.cfg.py \
<path-to-fortran-test>
If flang was built with -DLINK_WITH_FIR=On (On by default), it is possible to
generate FIR language documentation by running make flang-doc. This will
create docs/Dialect/FIRLangRef.md in flang build directory.
To generate doxygen-style documentation from source code
- Pass
-DLLVM_ENABLE_DOXYGEN=ON -DFLANG_INCLUDE_DOCS=ONto the cmake command.
cd ~/llvm-project/build
cmake -DLLVM_ENABLE_DOXYGEN=ON -DFLANG_INCLUDE_DOCS=ON ../llvm
make doxygen-flang
It will generate html in
<build-dir>/tools/flang/docs/doxygen/html # for flang docs